GRAPHIC FILE FORMATS / SOFTWARE SELECTION / SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY

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1 HIGHER COMPUTING COMPUTER SYSTEMS COMPUTER SOFTWARE GRAPHIC FILE FORMATS / SOFTWARE SELECTION / SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY SUCCESS CRITERIA I can describe the standard file formats for graphics files: Jpeg Gif Tiff 1. (a) James wants to make copies of some photographs. He intends to use a scanner to capture the photographs and an inkjet printer to print the final images. Explain why saving the scanned image as a gif would not be appropriate in this case. gif only supports 256 colours/uses 8 bit colour/has a limited range of colours State a suitable file format for saving the file. Bmp, jpeg, png, tiff 2. State two reasons why digital images are stored as JPEGs. JPEG files are compressed (to reduce file size) JPEG is a common file format (used by many applications). JPEG supports millions of colours/has large bit depth/24 bit (more realistic image). 3. (a) On one of the Web pages Winnie is going to include a photograph of her own garden. The image has a resolution of 640 x 800 pixels. The size of the file is 500 kilobytes. The file is stored in GIF format. How many colours does GIF allow? 256 colours If the resolution of the image is doubled, what effect will this have on the file size? Explain your answer. File size x 4. File size = 2000Kb or 1.95 Mb Resolution is a linear measure. Four times the pixels in given area. 4. Magnus has created a graphic file at home. The computers at school use a different graphics application. Name a standard file format that the file could be saved in to allow both applications to read the same file. gif, jpeg, tiff, bmp, png / any other valid NOT bitmap/vector 5. Software distributed with a digital camera allows the photos to be saved in a number of different standard file formats. Name a standard file format suitable for this application and give one advantage and one disadvantage of its use. JPEG Advantage uses compression to reduce file size, supports millions of colours. Disadvantage lossy compression means loss of detail BMP Advantage no loss of detail, Windows standard, true colour pictures stored so no decoder required. Disadvantage large file size, resolution dependent, cross platform incompatibility GIF Advantage lossless compression, animation, transparency. Disadvantage limited to 256 colours 1 of 6

2 TIFF Advantage any number of colours available. Disadvantage tends to be a large file format 6. (a) When gathering information for a lecture, Dr Michaelson scans images and text documents. He saved all documents as GIF files in error. Describe GIF format. GIF common format, 256 colours, lossless compression so original file stored as small file size Name one other format he could request and say why it would be better than GIF JPEG millions of colours can be used, common file format, small file size due to compression. TIFF any number of colours and options available BMP Windows standard, uncompressed, complicated true colour pictures are stored so no decoder necessary 7. (a) Information on passenger travel is used by various departments of the company for marketing and planning. All data is saved using a standard file format. What is meant by a standard file format? An internationally agreed data format which many applications are written to accept. The use of standard file formats will enable transfer of data between different software platforms. Why is it important to use a standard file format in this situation? Departments may not all have the same software or the same version of the software. Data saved using standards can be input into most software they might be using. 8. (a) A graphics design company uses bit-mapped image processing software to create logos. For some simple logos, the company reduces the bit depth from 16-bit to 8-bit and found no loss in the quality of the image. Why is this the case? The image must use fewer colours than the range provided in 16-bit colour. (c) Name two file formats the company could use to save the final logo. Jpeg, gif, bmp, tiff Compare both formats and state one advantage of each one over the other. Jpeg loss of quality due to lossy compression, large range of colours can be represented. Gif restricted to representing 256 colours, uses lossless compression. Bmp quality is not lost, no compression, Windows standard. Tiff quality not lost, no compression, cross platform. 9. In order to use multimedia elements (such as text, graphics, video and sound), standard file formats have to be used by the software. Why are standard file formats necessary? So that different data elements can be used by different computers and software 10. (a) Name a file format which is suitable for transmitting photographs over a typical Internet link. JPEG, TIFF, GIF, PNG Describe two features of this file format which make it suitable for this purpose. JPEG compressed file format, able to represent large range of colours and resolutions. GIF lossless compression, can control loss of detail during compression 11. Different compression techniques may be used to store photographs. Explain the difference between lossy and lossless compression. 2 of 6

3 Lossy compression leads to loss of information. When the image is decompressed it will have less detail than the original. This may still be acceptable to the human eye. Lossless compression technique manages to encode all information so that when the image is decompressed it is exactly the same as the original. No detail is lost. 12. (a) Describe the importance of data standards in applications software. data saved in a recognised standard format may be accessed by other applications OS may recognise data standard and launch required applications package OS will be programmed to read and manage data stored in standard formats. What effect does the use of data standards have on the system requirements for applications software? All applications software which uses recognised data standards is able to communicate with a range of computers and devices which recognise the same data standards. 13. A graphic file is to be transferred as an attachment. Explain why a JPEG file might be preferred to a TIFF file for the graphic in this situation. JPEG achieves greater compression, therefore less time to be transferred/reduction in net traffic OR JPEG widely compatible, as several versions of TIFF exist 14. Does a GIF standard file format use a lossless or lossy type of compression to store graphic files? Lossless 15. Does a JPEG standard file format use a lossless or lossy type of compression to store graphic files? Lossy 16. Name three formats that could be used to store graphic files? JPEG, GIF and TIFF SUCCESS CRITERIA I can describe a suitable selection of software to support typical tasks including: Production of a multimedia catalogue Setting up a LAN in a school Development of a school website 17. (a) A multimedia catalogue to help identify and record sightings of birds common to the UK is being constructed. The software will contain colour pictures and recordings of bird calls. It will allow users to browse through the existing information and to print off selected items. Name a suitable class of application package to produce the catalogue. Multimedia authoring package or database Justify your answer in terms of the objects and operations involved. No credit will be given for naming proprietary software. objects (different types of data, text/sound/graphic) and operations (searching/sorting/playing sound/etc) 18. A company ahs been considering creating animated logos for Web pages. Describe two problems that could arise when animated logos are being viewed on the World Wide Web. 3 of 6

4 May take a long time to load e.g. too many frames in the animation. Monitor not correctly set up e.g. wrong resolution, bit depth, refresh rate. Correct browser plugins may not be on the computer system. 19. A publishing business uses a range of computer systems, software and peripherals to produce its newspapers and magazines. Name a type of software application it could choose for creating a newspaper and give one reason for your choice. DTP, Word processor with graphics capability, Integrated package Package must allow inclusion and manipulation of text and graphics. 20. Kingsland Drive Youth Club has decided to set up a computer system so that they can send regular newsletters to members, and keep an up-to-date list of member s details and subscriptions. List three types of application software they may need and describe the purpose of each type in this situation. WP to produce and edit text for the newsletter. Graphics to edit pictures for the newsletter. DTP to produce newsletter page layouts. DB to maintain a database of members. SS to keep club accounts. client to distribute newsletters electronically. 21. A video firm creates and edits digital videos using their company s computer system. The company wishes to create and distribute a searchable electronic catalogue of its best photographs. Describe how this could be done, mentioning any software required for the purpose. Database software or searchable web pages to store images in a structured way with keywords for searching. 22. List the software and hardware that you would recommend for a stand-alone system carrying out the following tasks. Where appropriate, you should identify the capacity of the hardware components. (a) Downloading multimedia from the Internet. Communications software Browser e.g. Explorer or Firefox PC(high resolutio monitor, keyboard, DVD-RW) Memory - 1 GB Hard disk 100GB + Video Ram 256MB Broadband Router/Modem Producing a catalogue in a busy office. 4 of 6

5 Integrated package or WP, database, SS, graphics packages PC (coloured monitor, keyboard) Memory - 1 GB Hard disk 80 GB Backup device USB flash memory drive or DVD-RW Quality printer e.g. ink-jet or laser which does not rely on PCs processor High resolution monitor. 23. List the software and hardware that you would recommend for a stand-alone (a) system carrying out the following tasks. As appropriate, identify the capacity of the hardware components. Creating a multimedia presentation. Graphics and authoring software eg Photoshop and Macromedia Director PC (mouse, keyboard, internal floppy) Memory 1 GB + Hard disk 80GB + Video Ram 256 MB Video capture card Large coloured monitor or computer linked to projector Information management in a small modern office. Security software Integrated package or series of dedicated packages for data handling (database) PC(coloured monitor, keyboard) Memory 1 GB + Hard disk 80 GB + Backup device USB flash memory drive, DVD-RW, external hard drive High Resolution printer e.g. ink-jet or laser which does not rely on PC's processor 5 of 6

6 24. A sales executive is preparing a set of graphs from sales figures obtained from her company s Web site. Name two suitable types of software will she need to use? Number processing, communications software, browser software SUCCESS CRITERIA I can describe software compatibility issues, including: memory storage requirements operating system 25. A piece of software has been installed on a computer. A compatibility issue may prevent the new software from running properly on the computer. State one possible software and one possible hardware compatibility issue that might prevent the new software from running. Unable to run on available OS Clash with existing software 26. State two systems requirements that would have been specified for the installation of a program which processes and displays the results of an athletics competition. Amount of available, or minimum RAM/memory required Minimum clock speed/powerful processor required Processor type required Version of OS/OS compatibility Identify peripherals required. Minimum backing storage capacity required 27. Before purchasing new software a basketball secretary must ensure that the software is compatible with his computer. Processor speed is one hardware factor which should be considered when making the purchase. Name one other hardware factor which should be considered. The amount of RAM in the computer. The type of processor e.g. software may only run on a 64 bit machine. The amount of free space available on his hard disk. 28. The latest version of KoolSoundz is only guaranteed to run on processors from one manufacturer. Explain why the software may not run on machines using a processor from another manufacturer. Different machine code/instruction set used. Different word size, bus widths or control lines. Different processor architecture such as number of registers. 6 of 6

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