Introduction to Software Engineering p. 1 The Scope of Software Engineering p. 3 Historical Aspects p. 4 Economic Aspects p. 7 Maintenance Aspects p.

Transcription

1 Preface p. xv Introduction to Software Engineering p. 1 The Scope of Software Engineering p. 3 Historical Aspects p. 4 Economic Aspects p. 7 Maintenance Aspects p. 8 Specification and Design Aspects p. 13 Team Programming Aspects p. 15 The Object-Oriented Paradigm p. 17 Terminology p. 21 The Software Process p. 30 Client, Developer, and User p. 32 Requirements Phase p. 33 Specification Phase p. 35 Design Phase p. 38 Implementation Phase p. 40 Integration Phase p. 41 Maintenance Phase p. 42 Retirement p. 43 Problems with Software Production: Essence and Accidents p. 44 Improving the Software Process p. 51 Capability Maturity Models p. 51 Other Software Process Improvement Initiatives p. 54 Costs and Benefits of Software Process Improvement p. 55 Software Life-Cycle Models p. 64 Build-and-Fix Model p. 64 Waterfall Model p. 65 Rapid Prototyping Model p. 70 Incremental Model p. 72 Extreme Programming p. 75 Synchronize-and-Stabilize Model p. 77 Spiral Model p. 78 Object-Oriented Life-Cycle Models p. 82 Comparison of Life-Cycle Models p. 84 Teams p. 90 Team Organization p. 90 Democratic Team Approach p. 92 Classical Chief Programmer Team Approach p. 93 Beyond Chief Programmer and Democratic Teams p. 97 Synchronize-and-Stabilize Teams p. 101 Extreme Programming Teams p. 102

2 The Tools of the Trade p. 106 Stepwise Refinement p. 106 Cost-Benefit Analysis p. 113 Software Metrics p. 114 Case p. 115 Taxonomy of Case p. 116 Scope of Case p. 118 Software Versions p. 122 Configuration Control p. 124 Build Tools p. 128 Productivity Gains with Case Technology p. 129 Testing p. 136 Quality Issues p. 137 Nonexecution-Based Testing p. 139 Execution-Based Testing p. 145 What Should Be Tested? p. 145 Testing versus Correctness Proofs p. 151 Who Should Perform Execution-Based Testing? p. 158 When Testing Stops p. 160 From Modules to Objects p. 167 What Is a Module? p. 167 Cohesion p. 171 Coupling p. 177 Data Encapsulation p. 184 Abstract Data Types p. 194 Infromation Hiding p. 195 Objects p. 198 Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Dynamic Binding p. 201 Cohesion and Coupling of Objects p. 203 The Object-Oriented Paradigm p. 204 Reusability, Portability, and Interoperability p. 212 Reuse Concepts p. 212 Impediments to Reuse p. 214 Reuse Case Studies p. 216 Objects and Reuse p. 222 Reuse during the Design and Implementation Phases p. 222 Reuse and Maintenance p. 230 Portability p. 231 Why Portability? p. 239 Techniques for Achieving Portability p. 240 Interoperability p. 243

3 Future Trends in Interoperability p. 245 Planning and Estimating p. 257 Planning and the Software Process p. 257 Estimating Duration and Cost p. 259 Components of a Software Project Management Plan p. 272 Software Project Management Plan Framework p. 274 IEEE Software Project Management Plan p. 274 Planning Testing p. 278 Planning Object-Oriented Projects p. 279 Training Requirements p. 280 Documentation Standards p. 281 CASE Tools for Planning and Estimating p. 282 Testing the Software Project Management Plan p. 282 The Phases of the Software Life Cycle p. 289 Requirements Phase p. 290 Requirements Elicitation p. 291 Requirements Analysis p. 294 Rapid Prototyping p. 294 Human Factors p. 296 Rapid Prototyping as a Specification Technique p. 298 Reusing the Rapid Prototype p. 300 Management Implications of the Rapid Prototyping Model p. 302 Experiences with Rapid Prototyping p. 304 Techniques for Requirements Elicitation and Analysis p. 305 Testing during the Requirements Phase p. 305 CASE Tools for the Requirements Phase p. 306 Metrics for the Requirements Phase p. 307 Object-Oriented Requirements? p. 308 Air Gourmet Case Study: Requirements Phase p. 308 Air Gourmet Case Study: Rapid Prototype p. 311 Challenges of the Requirements Phase p. 313 Specification Phase p. 319 The Specification Document p. 319 Informal Specifications p. 321 Structured Systems Analysis p. 323 Other Semiformal Techniques p. 331 Entity-Relationship Modeling p. 332 Finite State Machines p. 335 Petri Nets p. 341 Z p. 346 Other Formal Techniques p. 351

4 Comparison of Specification Techniques p. 352 Testing during the Specification Phase p. 353 CASE Tools for the Specification Phase p. 354 Metrics for the Specification Phase p. 355 Air Gourmet Case Study: Structured Systems Analysis p. 355 Air Gourmet Case Study: Software Project Management Plan p. 357 Challenges of the Specification Phase p. 358 Object-Oriented Analysis Phase p. 366 Object-Oriented Analysis p. 366 Elevator Problem: Object-Oriented Analysis p. 369 Use-Case Modeling p. 369 Class Modeling p. 371 Dynamic Modeling p. 375 Testing during the Object-Oriented Analysis Phase p. 378 CASE Tools for the Object-Oriented Analysis Phase p. 383 Air Gourmet Case Study: Object-Oriented Analysis p. 383 Challenges of the Object-Oriented Analysis Phase p. 390 Design Phase p. 395 Design and Abstraction p. 395 Action-Oriented Design p. 396 Data Flow Analysis p. 397 Transaction Analysis p. 403 Data-Oriented Design p. 406 Object-Oriented Design p. 406 Elevator Problem: Object-Oriented Design p. 407 Formal Techniques for Detailed Design p. 415 Real-Time Design Techniques p. 416 Testing during the Design Phase p. 418 CASE Tools for the Design Phase p. 418 Metrics for the Design Phase p. 419 Air Gourmet Case Study: Object-Oriented Design p. 420 Challenges of the Design Phase p. 429 Implementation Phase p. 434 Choice of Programming Language p. 434 Fourth-Generation Languages p. 437 Good Programming Practice p. 440 Coding Standards p. 445 Module Reuse p. 446 Module Test Case Selection p. 447 Black-Box Module-Testing Techniques p. 451 Glass-Box Module-Testing Techniques p. 454

5 Code Walkthroughs and Inspections p. 458 Comparison of Module-Testing Techniques p. 458 Cleanroom p. 459 Potential Problems When Testing Objects p. 460 Management Aspects of Module Testing p. 463 When to Rewrite Rather than Debug a Module p. 463 CASE Tools for the Implementation Phase p. 465 Air Gourmet Case Study: Black-Box Test Cases p. 465 Challenges of the Implementation Phase p. 467 Implementation and Integration Phase p. 474 Introduction to Implementation and Integration p. 474 Testing during the Implementation and Integration Phase p. 481 Integration Testing of Graphical User Interfaces p. 481 Product Testing p. 482 Acceptance Testing p. 483 CASE Tools for the Implementation and Integration Phase p. 484 CASE Tools for the Complete Software Process p. 484 Integrated Environments p. 485 Environments for Business Applications p. 486 Public Tool Infrastructures p. 487 Potential Problems with Environments p. 487 Metrics for the Implementation and Integration Phase p. 488 Air Gourmet Case Study: Implementation and Integration Phase p. 488 Challenges of the Implementation and Integration Phase p. 489 Maintenance Phase p. 493 Why Maintenance Is Necessary p. 493 What Is Required of Maintenance Programmers p. 494 Maintenance Case Study p. 497 Management of Maintenance p. 498 Maintenance of Object-Oriented Software p. 501 Maintenance Skills versus Development Skills p. 504 Reverse Engineering p. 505 Testing during the Maintenance Phase p. 506 CASE Tools for the Maintenance Phase p. 507 Metrics for the Maintenance Phase p. 507 Air Gourmet Case Study: Maintenance Phase p. 508 Challenges of the Maintenance Phase p. 508 Broadlands Area Children's Hospital p. 513 Software Engineering Resources p. 518 Air Gourmet Case Study: C Rapid Prototype p. 520 Air Gourmet Case Study: Java Rapid Prototype p. 521

6 Air Gourmet Case Study: Structured Systems Analysis p. 522 Air Gourmet Case Study: Software Project Management Plan p. 529 Air Gourmet Case Study: Object-Oriented Analysis p. 534 Air Gourmet Case Study: Design for C++ Implementation p. 535 Air Gourmet Case Study: Design for Java Implementation p. 560 Air Gourmet Case Study: Black-Box Test Cases p. 582 Air Gourmet Case Study: C++ Source Code p. 588 Air Gourmet Case Study: Java Source Code p. 589 Bibliography p. 590 Author Index p. 617 Subject Index p. 623 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.