Detecting Threats via Network Anomalies

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1 Detecting Threats via Network Anomalies

2 Gregory Pickett Hellfire Security Cybersecurity

3 Not Network Like The Anomalies Others

4 Utilizing Anomalies What Are They? Why Are They Important

5 What Are They?

6 Why Are They Important? Your business operates on processes, regular predictable processes. Your staff operates the same way habits, regular, repeating, predictable, and knowable. It is the threats that are different, foreign, and ultimately stick out as abnormalities from your established baseline.

7 Your Network Understanding It Analytical Reference Baselining It Established Flowspace

8 Analytical Reference Critical Assets Systems Infrastructure Processes Users Software Cycles Involved

9 Collecting Data Asset Tracking Hardware Software Shadow IT Discovery and Scanning Rogue System Detectors

10 Adding Dimensions Geographic Area Where Payloads Volume Type

11 Established Flow Space Operational Processes and Cycles Who When Applications and Tools What How

12 Example File Server (Central United States) Flows Who (R+D United States, R+D France) When (12:00-23:00 UTC, 06:00-17:00 UTC) What (Microsoft Office, Documentum Client) How (TCP 445) Where ( /24, /24) Payload (SMB)

13 Baselining It Tools Network Behavioral Analysis Machine Learning Improving

14 Improving Quality Limit Scope (Critical Assets) Limit Flowspace Longer Sampling Effectiveness More Granularity Feedback Loops Against Analytical Reference False Positives

15 Detecting Threats Anomalies to Look Into Likely Threats

16 Anomalies to Look Into Volumetric Geographic Temporal Role Boundary Protocol

17 Volumetric Weekly backup? 30GB - Average Day - bps Server (Database) Or Database dump? 1GB 1am 11pm * Can be measured in pps, bps, or fps

18 Geographic Emerging market? Or Nigerian scam?

19 Temporal 30GB - Average Week - Accounting in for month end? bps Server (App) Or data collection? 1GB Monday Wednesday Friday Sunday

20 Role Misconfiguration? 3K - Protocol Usage - Flows End-User Or rogue DHCP server? 1K TFTP ICMP SNMP FTP RDP NBNS SIP DHCP DNS SSH HTTPS HTTP SMB

21 Boundary Is it a mail merge? Or unauthorized access?

22 Protocol Poor change management? 3K - Flag Occurrence - Flags Or a scan? End-User 1K FIN-ACK SYN RST-ACK PSH-ACK

23 Protocol (Other) 3K - ICMP Payloads - OK This is probably a covert channel! Packets End-User 1K >50 Bytes <50 Bytes

24 Protocol (Other) 3K - Protocol Usage - Administrator out of compliance? Flows End-User Or backdoor? 1K TFTP ICMP SNMP FTP RDP NBNS SIP VNC DNS SSH HTTPS HTTP SMB

25 So The Friend Question or Foe? Is

26 Threat Indicators Correlation Other Activity? Other Abnormalities? Other Alerts? Comorbidity (Progression) Goal-Oriented Behavior Keep An Inventory Match Against

27 Likely Threats Goal-Oriented Behavior Determinstic Learning Discriminating

28 Deterministic Incoming to Host Outgoing to External Rogue DHCP Server Exfiltration DHCP (UDP 67) Between Peers

29 Deterministic ICMP (Payload > 50) Outgoing (Foreign) Worming Exfiltration Incoming to Host Outgoing to Peer

30 Deterministic Entropy (URL) Outgoing (Foreign) Entropy (DNS) Outgoing (Foreign) GET /check.php dpckd2ftmf7lelsa.jjeyd2u3 7an30.com DNS Server Exploitation Malware Drop Command and Control

31 Learning Repeats Message Different Target Port Scans Brute-Forcing* Host Discovery Service Discovery Different Messages Same Target

32 Discriminating 1. How does it compare against reference? 2. What is different about it? 3. Is this malicious behavior? a) Is it correlated with Other activity? Other abnormalities? Other alerts? b) Does comorbid activity occur? c) Number of Threat Indicators? Do these strengthen or weaken your conclusion?

33 Common False Positives Lack Context Baseline Deficiencies Modified Processes Additional Workflows Change Management Other Visiting Systems Misconfigured Systems

34 Challenges Gaps Baseline Policy Non-Compliant Systems Applications

35 Culprits Rogue Elements Foothold Situations Advanced Actors

36 Rogue Elements Examples Physical Breaches Contractor Laptop Mobile Devices (BYOD) Anomalies Role Boundary (Peer) Volumetric

37 Foothold Situations Examples Malware Anomalies Geographic Protocol Entropy Payload NXDomain, 404s, 503s, and Failed Logins VNC, RDP, and Unknowns

38 Advanced Actors Examples Industrial Espionage National States Anomalies Boundary (Critical) Temporal Protocol (Payload)

39 Advanced Actors Traditional Solutions Likely To Fail Extended Timeline Existing Access Exploitation and Privilege Escalation Lateral Movements Requires Additional Skill Sets Others Tools Host and Network Forensics

40 Your Plan Acquire Solution Know Your Own Battlespace Analytical Reference Baseline It Start A Work Process Update Regularly Disseminate to Team Members Triage Effectively

41 Questions

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