Towards the Vehicular Cloud: From Connected Cars to Smart Ci?es

Transcription

1 Distributed Embedded Systems University of Paderborn Towards the Vehicular Cloud: From Connected Cars to Smart Ci?es Falko Dressler GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 1

2 ² Vehicular Cloud ª MoHvaHon and Concepts ² Towards Smart CiHes ª Making the car the central ICT component ² Vehicular Cloud SoluHons ª Using Parked Vehicles ª Peer to Peer ² Conclusions Outline GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 2

3 Towards Autonomous Driving GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 3

4 Inter-Vehicle Networking for Situa?on Awareness Illustrations: C2C-CC GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 4

5 Towards Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks ² Many communicahon channels available ª Which to pick when? Technology SoXware Defined 2020 Radio? mmwave cellular DSRC VLC Wi-Fi GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 5

6 Standardiza?on and Open Research ² Dedicated spectrum for inter-vehicle communicahon in Europe (ECC), the US (FCC), and Japan ² IEEE DSRC/WAVE and ETSI ITS G5 ª Both build upon IEEE p ² SituaHon awareness as major year-one-applicahon ª ETSI DCC (Decentralized CongesHon Control) ² But many fundamental research ques?ons s?ll unanswered ª Scalability, real-?me capabili?es, use of heterogeneous networks ² Dagstuhl seminar series idenhfied key challenges ª Falko Dressler, Hannes Hartenstein, Onur AlHntas and Ozan K. Tonguz, "Inter-Vehicle Communica?on - Quo Vadis," IEEE Communica,ons Magazine, vol. 52 (6), pp , June GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 6

7 VEHICLES AS THE INFORMATION HUB IN SMART CITIES GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 7

8 Self-Organizing Network of Cars ² ² can serve as distributed data store and retrieval mechanism May include even parked cars as informahon highway how does when will she highway 1 look get here? right now? where can I park my car? is this the end how is traffic of the jam? on 2nd street? GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 8

9 Making Cars the Main ICT Component 1. Sharing data with other users. 2. Sharing data with specific locahon. 3. Uploading data without direct Internet access. 4. Live data from disaster area. 5. Wide Area Data Storage. 6. Wide Area Distributed CompuHng. 7. Disaster Area V2X Evacuation Site V2V Internet Drive with messages GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 9

10 Making Cars the Central ICT Component ² Cars are ubiquitously available ² Feature all kinds of communicahon technology ² Relaying of messages ª has been shown to work quite well ª but will fail in low density/penetrahon areas ² Parked Cars ª are readily available, especially in low-density areas ª park in strategically promising posihons along the street and next to obstacles ª can be used as relaying nodes in order to increase cooperahve ª awareness for moving vehicles GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 10

11 Besides communica?on vehicles provide Car Sensor Battery Communication Processor Storage Use case Use case Use case Use case Use case Use case Use case Use case Use case Use case Vehicular resources are available not only for vehicles themselves but also for humans and things Vehicles store, process, and convey the information generated by human or things. GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 11

12 ² ConHnuous update of Control Plane ª Neighbors, i.e., candidates to route messages ª Services, i.e., deshnahons for services GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 12

13 Process View: Access Communica?on GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 13

14 Naming ² Using concepts from NDN/ICN ª Hash tags to idenhfy services ª Meta data for fine grained descriphon Hash tag Meta data User hash(file1) location = Tokyo, type = video, size = 2GB 1 hash(file1) location = Tokyo, type = video, size = 2GB 3 hash(file1) location = Paderborn, type = video, size = 2GB 7 hash(file2) location = Tokyo, type = image 1 hash(file2) type = image, size = 500MB 12 CPU location = Paderborn, type = ARM 7 Storage location = Paderborn, type = hours, size = 78GB 7 * type = image hash(file1) * 1, 12 1, 3, 7 GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 14

15 Simula?on Screenshot GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 15

16 Discovery Latency in an Urban Environment GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 16

17 CLOUD STORAGE USING PARKED CARS GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 17

18 Mo?va?on ² Parked cars in cihes offer similar benefits as RSUs ² A single car as RSU is not ophmal ª Limited storage space ª Limited communicahon range ª Only data available that was stored on the car ² Hence organizing parked cars in small independent, selforganized networks ª Capable of storing and retrieving data items by driving cars in the established networks [1] Dressler, Falko and Handle, Philipp and Sommer, Christoph, "Towards a Vehicular Cloud - Using Parked Vehicles as a Temporary Network and Storage Infrastructure," Proceedings of 15th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (Mobihoc 2014): ACM International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies for Smart Cities (WiMobCity 2014), Philadelphia, PA, August 2014, pp GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 18

19 Scenario? GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 19

20 Virtual Coordinate based Rou?ng ² Virtual Cord Protocol (VCP) ª à IEEE Trans on Mobile CompuHng 2011 ² Greedy forwarding along the Cord ª Always guarantees reachability ª Speedup by exploihng local short-cuts ² DHT based data storage Node 0.25 Successor Predecessor Neighbors (0.55) [1] Awad, Abdalkarim and German, Reinhard and Dressler, Falko, "Exploiting Virtual Coordinates for Improved Routing Performance in Sensor Networks," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 10 (9), pp , September 2011 GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 20

21 IDR + VCP ² VCP creates and maintains a virtual topology, which is (mostly) independent of the physical world, but which incorporates topological proper,es ² Using address (space) idenhfiers is not possible [1] Dressler, Falko and Gerla, Mario, "A Framework for Inter-Domain Routing in Virtual Coordinate based Mobile Networks," ACM/Springer Wireless Networks (WINET), vol. 19 (7), pp , October 2013 GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 21

22 Slim -Mode ² Reduced funchonality to a minimum ª No cord creahon ª Limited router funchonality CommunicaHon always via most recent freshest gateway ² Driving cars remain silent unhl a hello message has been received ª AXer that normal hello messages are broadcast ª Broadcast is stopped axer N hello messages Counter is reset with every new received hello GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 22

23 Performance Evalua?on ² Using the VEINS simulahon framework GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 23

24 Successful Domain Crea?on nodes with valid positions (%) ct(s): 20 ct(s): 40 ct(s): 60 ct(s): 80 ct(s): 100 ct(s): 120 ct(s): 140 ct(s): 160 ct(s): 180 ct(s): simulation time (s) GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 24

25 CONCLUSIONS GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 25

26 Conclusions Today, we studied ² Challenges and opportunihes of using connected cars concepts ª Capability to connect everyone and everything ª Can be seen as a big data storage ª Help improving our daily road traffic experience and safety ² Not discussed ª Security issues: Strong debate about privacy vs. security as can be seen, there are many open challenges and ques?ons for another decade of interes?ng research J GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 26

27 More Informa?on? Vehicular Networking (Cambridge University Press) IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC) ² Tokyo, New Jersey, Amsterdam, Seoul, Boston, Paderborn 20% off ² Next: Kyoto in Dec 2015 GLOBECOM 2015 Falko Dressler, University of Paderborn 27