Advanced Crypto. 2. Public key, private key and key exchange. Author: Prof Bill Buchanan
|
|
- James Stafford
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Advanced Crypto 2. Public key, private key and key exchange. Bob Alice Key Entropy. Key generators. Private key (AES, Twofish, CAST, IDEA, Blowfish, DES, 3DES, RC2, RC4/RC5, Skipjack, Camellia, Affine). Stream or block? ECB/CBC/OFB. Salting. Public key (RSA, DSA, ElGamal). Elliptic curve. Diffie-Hellman. FIPS. Eve Trent
2 Encryption Introduction Intruder Eve Privacy (Private Key) Identity (Public Key) Integrity (Public/Private Key) Bob Alice John John Trent Trusted third party
3
4
5
6 Encryption Conclusion Encryption Bob Eve Public key Encryption/ Decryption Typical application: Diffie-Hellman used to generate private-key. Public-key used for authentication. Private-key used for encryption. Encryption/ Decryption Key exchange (Diffie-Hellman) Secret key used to encrypt/decrypt (DES/3DES/AES) Communications Channel Used to authenticate (RSA) Encryption/ Decryption Alice Private key Private key Key exchange (Diffie-Hellman) John John Public key Secret key used to encrypt/decrypt (DES/3DES/AES) Public key Used to authenticate (RSA) Private key Private key John John RSA 2048 bits Replace by: ElGamal 160bits Public key
7 Advanced Crypto 2. Public key, private key and key exchange. Bob Alice Eve Block or stream? Trent
8
9
10 RC4. This is a stream encryption algorithm, and is used in wireless communications (such as in WEP) and SSL (Secure Sockets). IV and Key RC4 Pseudo infinite stream (eg ) + Cipher stream (eg ) Private-key methods The IV (Initiation Vector) gives variation in the output for the same key Ex-OR operator Data stream (eg ) Data stream Pseudo infinite stream Cipher stream Encryption
11 Advanced Crypto 2. Public key, private key and key exchange. Bob Alice Eve Private Key Trent
12 Encryption Private key DES AES Blowfish DES (Enc) DES (Dec) DES (Enc) K 1 K 2 K 1 DES. DES encryption algorithm is block cipher and uses a 64-bit block and a 64-bit encryption key. 3DES. DES encryption algorithm is block cipher and uses a 64-bit block and a 64-bit encryption key (of which only 56 bits are actively used in the encryption process). Unfortunately DES has been around for a long time, and the 56-bit version is now easily crackable (in less than a day, on fairly modest equipment). An enhancement, and one which is still fairly compatible with DES, is the 3- DES algorithm. It has three phases, and splits the key into two. Overall the key size is typically 112 bits (2x54 bits - with a combination of the three keys - of which two of the keys are typically the same). The algorithm is EncryptK3( DecryptK2( EncryptK1(message), where K1 and K3 are typically the same (to keep compatibility). Twofish Bruce Schneier created Twofish with a general-purpose private key block cipher encryption algorithm. AES. AES (or Rijndael) is a new block cipher, and is the new replacement for DES, and uses 128- bit blocks with 128, 192 and 256 bit encryption keys. It was selected by NIST in 2001 (after a five year standardisation process). The name Rijndael comes from its Belgium creators: Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. RC2 RC2. RC2. RC2 ("Rivest Cipher") is a block cipher, and is seen as a replacement for DES. It was created by Ron Rivest in 1987, and is a 64- bit block code and can have a key size from 40 bits to 128-bits (in increments of 8 bits). The 40-bit key version is seen as weak, as the encryption key is so small, but is favoured by governments for export purposes, as it can be easily cracked. In this case the key is created from a Key and an IV (Initialisation Vector). The key has 12 characters (96 bits), and the IV has 8 characters (64 bits), which go to make the overall key. Blowfish. Bruce Schneier created Blowfish with a general-purpose private key block cipher encryption algorithm. Blowfish (with CBC). Blowfishcbc. With CBC we split the message into blocks and encrypt each block. The input from the first stage is the IV (Initialisation Vector), and the input to the following stages is the output from the previous stage. In this example we will use Blowfish to encrypt, using CBC. Others Skipjack. Skip jack. Skipjack is a block cipher, using private-key encryption algorithm, and designed by NSA. Camellia. Camillia is a block cipher created by Mitsubishi and NTT. RC4. RC4 is a stream cipher used in WEP (in wireless encryption). Affine. Affine is a stream cipher which uses an equation to encrypt.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22 Advanced Crypto 2. Public key, private key and key exchange. Bob Alice Eve Key Exchange Trent
23
24
25 Encryption Logs Eve Bob A x A y A (x+y) Alice (A x ) y A xy John John
26 Encryption Logs Eve Random value x A Agreed number Random value y Bob A x A Y Alice A Y A x Private key
27 Encryption Logs Eve Random value x A Agreed number Random value y Bob A x A Y Alice A Y A x (A Y ) x (A x ) y
28
29
30
31 Advanced Crypto 2. Public key, private key and key exchange. Bob Alice Eve Public Key Trent
32
33
34 Encryption RSA Select two primes (p,q) Next, the n value is calculated. Thus: n = p x q = 11 x 3 = 33 Next PHI is calculated by: PHI = (p-1)(q-1) = 20 e selected so that GCD(e,PHI)=1 Public key: (n,e)
35 Bob Select two prime numbers: a and b n = a x b e is chosen so that e and (a-1)x(b-1) are relatively prime (no common factor greater than 1) d = e-1 mod [(a-1)x(b-1)] Public-key encryption Public key is now: <e,n> Private key is now: <d,n> Encryption Generating public and private keys
36 Eve Public key generates two keys: A public key and a private one. These are special in that if one is applied to encrypt, the other can be used to decrypt Public-key Public key are keys which relate to extremely large prime numbers (as it is difficult to factorise large prime numbers). It is extremely difficult to determine a private key from a public key. Public-key encryption Bob Encryption Communications Channel Decryption Alice Public key Public key Private key Private key Encryption
37 Public-key Public-key encryption Bob Eve Public key Encryption A. Bob creates the message. B. Bob encrypts with Alice s public key and sends Alice the encrypted message C. Alice decrypts with her private key D. Alice receives the message A Hello Communications Channel B Once Bob encrypts the message, the only key which can decrypt it is Alice s private key. Bob and Alice keep their private keys secret. Decryption Alice Public key Encryption Private key H&$d. C D Private key Hello
38
39
40
41 Using Bob s private key to authenticate himself Message Message MD5 Encrypted MD5 The magic private key Bob s private key Bob Bob s public key Authentication
42 Bob encrypts the message/hash with Alice s public key Message Message MD5 Encrypted MD5 Bob The magic private key Bob s public key Bob s private key Encrypted Content Alice s public key Alice Authentication Alice s private key
43 Bob encrypts the message/hash with Alice s public key Message MD5 Message Encrypted MD5 Encrypted Content Bob Bob s private key The magic private key Authentication Bob s public key Encrypted Content Alice s public key Alice s private key Alice
44 Alice decrypts the message Message MD5 Message Encrypted MD5 Encrypted Content Bob Bob s private key The magic private key Bob s public key Alice Authentication Encrypted Content Message Encrypted MD5 Alice s public key Alice s private key
45 Alice decrypts the message Message MD5 Message Encrypted MD5 Encrypted Content Bob Bob s private key The magic private key Bob s public key Alice Authentication Encrypted Content Message Encrypted MD5 MD5 (message) MD5 (result) Alice compares the MD5 values. If they are the same Bob sent the message
46 Advanced Crypto 2. Public key, private key and key exchange. Bob Alice Key Entropy. Key generators. Private key (AES, Twofish, CAST, IDEA, Blowfish, DES, 3DES, RC2, RC4/RC5, Skipjack, Camellia, Affine). Stream or block? ECB/CBC/OFB. Salting. Public key (RSA, DSA, ElGamal). Elliptic curve. Diffie-Hellman. FIPS. Eve Trent
47
48 Discrete logarithms within computer and network security Prof Bill Buchanan, Edinburgh Napier Introduction. Encryption: Public/Private Key. Key Exchange. Authentication. Signatures. ElGamal. Alice Bob John John ElGamal Eve Trent
49 Encryption Napier s logs John John g log(g) g = a.b = log(a)+log(b) = Inverse Log (log(a)+log(b)) ` g log(g) g g log(g) g = a/b = log(a)-log(b) = Inverse Log (log(a)-log(b)) = a x = x.log(a) = Inverse Log (x.log(a)) Eg g = 10 3 log 10 (g) = 3.log 10 (10) g = 10 (3x1) = 1,000
50 Encryption Discrete Logs John John g = a x mod P For example: a=5, x=3, P=7 g = 5 3 mod 7 = 125 mod 7 = 6 ` x Bob a x y Alice a y (a y ) x (a x ) y a xy a xy
51 Encryption ElGamal Bob John Y = g x mod p John Extremely difficult to the value of x, and there can be many solutions Eve Eve Y = 3 4 mod 17 -> 13 Alice
52 Encryption ElGamal Bob First Bob generates a prime number (p) and a number (g) which is between 1 and (p-1): p g x P: G: Bob select a random number (x) which will be his private key: Bob selects a random number(x): He then calculates Y: Bob sends g, p and Y to Alice. Y = g x mod p John Alice John
53 Alice p g y M (message) John K (random) John a=g k mod P b=y k M mod P a,b Bob
Chapter 2: Secret Key
Chapter 2: Secret Key Basics Block or Stream? Secret Key Methods Salting AES Key Entropy Prof Bill Buchanan OBE http://asecuritysite.com/crypto02 http://asecuritysite.com/encryption Conclusion Encryption
More informationData Loss Prevention 4. Encryption Public/private key. Hashing. Digital Certificates. Disk Encryption. Tunnels.
Data Loss Prevention 4. Encryption Public/private key. Hashing. Digital Certificates. Disk Encryption. Tunnels. http://asecuritysite.com/dlp Encryption Introduction Intruder Eve Privacy (Private Key) Identity
More informationAdvanced Crypto. Author: Prof Bill Buchanan
Advanced Crypto Bob Alice Ciphers and Fundamentals. Public key, private key and key exchange. Hashing and Authentication. Digital Certificates and Signing. Disk Encryption, Encryption Cracking and Encryption
More informationCSE 127: Computer Security Cryptography. Kirill Levchenko
CSE 127: Computer Security Cryptography Kirill Levchenko October 24, 2017 Motivation Two parties want to communicate securely Secrecy: No one else can read messages Integrity: messages cannot be modified
More informationDistributed Systems. 26. Cryptographic Systems: An Introduction. Paul Krzyzanowski. Rutgers University. Fall 2015
Distributed Systems 26. Cryptographic Systems: An Introduction Paul Krzyzanowski Rutgers University Fall 2015 1 Cryptography Security Cryptography may be a component of a secure system Adding cryptography
More informationAPNIC elearning: Cryptography Basics
APNIC elearning: Cryptography Basics 27 MAY 2015 03:00 PM AEST Brisbane (UTC+10) Issue Date: Revision: Introduction Presenter Sheryl Hermoso Training Officer sheryl@apnic.net Specialties: Network Security
More informationEncryption 2. Tom Chothia Computer Security: Lecture 3
Encryption 2 Tom Chothia Computer Security: Lecture 3 This Lecture Counter Mode (CTR) enryption Diffie Helleman key exchange Public Key Encryption RSA Signing Combining public and symmetric key encryption
More informationEncryption. INST 346, Section 0201 April 3, 2018
Encryption INST 346, Section 0201 April 3, 2018 Goals for Today Symmetric Key Encryption Public Key Encryption Certificate Authorities Secure Sockets Layer Simple encryption scheme substitution cipher:
More informationComputer Security. 08. Cryptography Part II. Paul Krzyzanowski. Rutgers University. Spring 2018
Computer Security 08. Cryptography Part II Paul Krzyzanowski Rutgers University Spring 2018 March 23, 2018 CS 419 2018 Paul Krzyzanowski 1 Block ciphers Block ciphers encrypt a block of plaintext at a
More informationKey Exchange. Secure Software Systems
1 Key Exchange 2 Challenge Exchanging Keys &!"#h%&'() & & 1 2 6(6 1) 2 15! $ The more parties in communication, the more keys that need to be securely exchanged " # Do we have to use out-of-band methods?
More informationBasics of Cryptography
Basics of Cryptography (1) Introduction Expectation Level one: know what they are, what they can achieve, and how to use them as tools. Level two: know how they work, how secure they are, and how to analyze
More informationThe Application of Elliptic Curves Cryptography in Embedded Systems
The Application of Elliptic Curves Cryptography in Embedded Systems Wang Qingxian School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology China Introduction to Cryptography
More informationPublic-Key Cryptography. Professor Yanmin Gong Week 3: Sep. 7
Public-Key Cryptography Professor Yanmin Gong Week 3: Sep. 7 Outline Key exchange and Diffie-Hellman protocol Mathematical backgrounds for modular arithmetic RSA Digital Signatures Key management Problem:
More informationPublic Key Algorithms
Public Key Algorithms 1 Public Key Algorithms It is necessary to know some number theory to really understand how and why public key algorithms work Most of the public key algorithms are based on modular
More informationTopics. Number Theory Review. Public Key Cryptography
Public Key Cryptography Topics 1. Number Theory Review 2. Public Key Cryptography 3. One-Way Trapdoor Functions 4. Diffie-Helman Key Exchange 5. RSA Cipher 6. Modern Steganography Number Theory Review
More informationIntro to Public Key Cryptography Diffie & Hellman Key Exchange
Intro to Public Key Cryptography Diffie & Hellman Key Exchange Course Summary Introduction Stream & Block Ciphers Block Ciphers Modes (ECB,CBC,OFB) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Message Authentication
More informationBCA III Network security and Cryptography Examination-2016 Model Paper 1
Time: 3hrs BCA III Network security and Cryptography Examination-2016 Model Paper 1 M.M:50 The question paper contains 40 multiple choice questions with four choices and student will have to pick the correct
More informationWinter 2011 Josh Benaloh Brian LaMacchia
Winter 2011 Josh Benaloh Brian LaMacchia Symmetric Cryptography January 20, 2011 Practical Aspects of Modern Cryptography 2 Agenda Symmetric key ciphers Stream ciphers Block ciphers Cryptographic hash
More informationKurose & Ross, Chapters (5 th ed.)
Kurose & Ross, Chapters 8.2-8.3 (5 th ed.) Slides adapted from: J. Kurose & K. Ross \ Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach (5 th ed.) Addison-Wesley, April 2009. Copyright 1996-2010, J.F Kurose and
More informationCryptography Symmetric Cryptography Asymmetric Cryptography Internet Communication. Telling Secrets. Secret Writing Through the Ages.
Telling Secrets Secret Writing Through the Ages William Turner Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Wabash College Crawfordsville, IN 47933 Tuesday 4 February 2014 W. J. Turner Telling Secrets
More informationSymmetric Cryptography. CS4264 Fall 2016
Symmetric Cryptography CS4264 Fall 2016 Correction: TA Office Hour Stefan Nagy (snagy2@vt.edu) Office hour: Thursday Friday 10-11 AM, 106 McBryde Hall 2 Slides credit to Abdou Illia RECAP AND HIGH-LEVEL
More informationOutline. Data Encryption Standard. Symmetric-Key Algorithms. Lecture 4
EEC 693/793 Special Topics in Electrical Engineering Secure and Dependable Computing Lecture 4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cleveland State University wenbing@ieee.org Outline Review
More informationUnderstanding Cryptography A Textbook for Students and Practitioners by Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl. Chapter 6 Introduction to Public-Key Cryptography
Understanding Cryptography A Textbook for Students and Practitioners by Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl www.crypto-textbook.com Chapter 6 Introduction to Public-Key Cryptography ver. November 18, 2010 These
More informationCryptographic Systems
CPSC 426/526 Cryptographic Systems Ennan Zhai Computer Science Department Yale University Recall: Lec-10 In lec-10, we learned: - Consistency models - Two-phase commit - Consensus - Paxos Lecture Roadmap
More informationChapter 6: Digital Certificates Introduction Authentication Methods PKI Digital Certificate Passing
Chapter 6: Digital Certificates Introduction Methods PKI Digital Certificate Passing Prof Bill Buchanan OBE http://asecuritysite.com/crypto06 http://asecuritysite.com/encryption Identity on the Internet
More informationCSCI 454/554 Computer and Network Security. Topic 5.2 Public Key Cryptography
CSCI 454/554 Computer and Network Security Topic 5.2 Public Key Cryptography Outline 1. Introduction 2. RSA 3. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 4. Digital Signature Standard 2 Introduction Public Key Cryptography
More informationL13. Reviews. Rocky K. C. Chang, April 10, 2015
L13. Reviews Rocky K. C. Chang, April 10, 2015 1 Foci of this course Understand the 3 fundamental cryptographic functions and how they are used in network security. Understand the main elements in securing
More informationChapter 9 Public Key Cryptography. WANG YANG
Chapter 9 Public Key Cryptography WANG YANG wyang@njnet.edu.cn Content Introduction RSA Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Introduction Public Key Cryptography plaintext encryption ciphertext decryption plaintext
More informationPresented by: Kevin Hieb May 2, 2005
Presented by: Kevin Hieb May 2, 2005 Governments National Finances National Security Citizens Companies Data Loss Monetary Loss Individuals Identity Theft Data Loss Networks Firewalls Intrusion Detection
More informationOutline. CSCI 454/554 Computer and Network Security. Introduction. Topic 5.2 Public Key Cryptography. 1. Introduction 2. RSA
CSCI 454/554 Computer and Network Security Topic 5.2 Public Key Cryptography 1. Introduction 2. RSA Outline 3. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 4. Digital Signature Standard 2 Introduction Public Key Cryptography
More informationOutline. Public Key Cryptography. Applications of Public Key Crypto. Applications (Cont d)
Outline AIT 682: Network and Systems Security 1. Introduction 2. RSA 3. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 4. Digital Signature Standard Topic 5.2 Public Key Cryptography Instructor: Dr. Kun Sun 2 Public Key
More informationח'/סיון/תשע "א. RSA: getting ready. Public Key Cryptography. Public key cryptography. Public key encryption algorithms
Public Key Cryptography Kurose & Ross, Chapters 8.28.3 (5 th ed.) Slides adapted from: J. Kurose & K. Ross \ Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach (5 th ed.) AddisonWesley, April 2009. Copyright 19962010,
More informationChapter 8 Security. Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach. 6 th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley March 2012
Chapter 8 Security A note on the use of these ppt slides: We re making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers). They re in PowerPoint form so you see the animations; and can add,
More informationPublic Key Algorithms
CSE597B: Special Topics in Network and Systems Security Public Key Cryptography Instructor: Sencun Zhu The Pennsylvania State University Public Key Algorithms Public key algorithms RSA: encryption and
More informationUnderstanding Cryptography A Textbook for Students and Practitioners by Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl. Chapter 6 Introduction to Public-Key Cryptography
Understanding Cryptography A Textbook for Students and Practitioners by Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl www.crypto-textbook.com Chapter 6 Introduction to Public-Key Cryptography ver. November 18, 2010 These
More informationIntroduction to Cryptographic Systems. Asst. Prof. Mihai Chiroiu
Introduction to Cryptographic Systems Asst. Prof. Mihai Chiroiu Vocabulary In cryptography, cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Decryption
More informationLecture 30. Cryptography. Symmetric Key Cryptography. Key Exchange. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) DES. Security April 11, 2005
Lecture 30 Security April 11, 2005 Cryptography K A ciphertext Figure 7.3 goes here K B symmetric-key crypto: sender, receiver keys identical public-key crypto: encrypt key public, decrypt key secret Symmetric
More informationCryptography in Lotus Notes/Domino Pragmatic Introduction for Administrators
Cryptography in Lotus Notes/Domino Pragmatic Introduction for Administrators Belfast, 11-Nov-2010 Innovative Software Solutions. Thomas Bahn - graduated in mathematics, University of Hannover - developing
More informationPGP: An Algorithmic Overview
PGP: An Algorithmic Overview David Yaw 11/6/2001 VCSG-482 Introduction The purpose of this paper is not to act as a manual for PGP, nor is it an in-depth analysis of its cryptographic algorithms. It is
More informationJaap van Ginkel Security of Systems and Networks
Jaap van Ginkel Security of Systems and Networks November 4, 2013 Part 4 Modern Crypto Block Ciphers (Iterated) Block Cipher Plaintext and ciphertext consist of fixed-sized blocks Ciphertext obtained from
More informationDr. Jinyuan (Stella) Sun Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Fall 2010
CS 494/594 Computer and Network Security Dr. Jinyuan (Stella) Sun Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Fall 2010 1 Public Key Cryptography Modular Arithmetic RSA
More information6 Cryptographic Techniques A Brief Introduction
6 Cryptographic Techniques A Brief Introduction 6.1 Introduction to Cryptography 6.2 Symmetric Encryption 6.3 Asymmetric (Public-Key) Encryption 6.4 Digital Signatures 6.5 Public Key Infrastructures Literature:
More informationLecture 20 Public key Crypto. Stephen Checkoway University of Illinois at Chicago CS 487 Fall 2017 Slides from Miller and Bailey s ECE 422
Lecture 20 Public key Crypto Stephen Checkoway University of Illinois at Chicago CS 487 Fall 2017 Slides from Miller and Bailey s ECE 422 Review: Integrity Problem: Sending a message over an untrusted
More informationSymmetric, Asymmetric, and One Way Technologies
Symmetric, Asymmetric, and One Way Technologies Crypto Basics Ed Crowley Fall 2010 1 Topics: Symmetric & Asymmetric Technologies Kerckhoff s Principle Symmetric Crypto Overview Key management problem Attributes
More informationSecurity+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition. Chapter 11 Basic Cryptography
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, Third Edition Chapter 11 Basic Cryptography Objectives Define cryptography Describe hashing List the basic symmetric cryptographic algorithms 2 Objectives
More informationIntel R Integrated Performance Primitives. Cryptography Guide. Andrzej Chrzȩszczyk Jakub Chrzȩszczyk
Intel R Integrated Performance Primitives Cryptography Guide Andrzej Chrzȩszczyk Jakub Chrzȩszczyk November, 2010 Foreword The aim of this document is to make the first steps in using the IPP cryptography
More informationCSC 474/574 Information Systems Security
CSC 474/574 Information Systems Security Topic 2.5 Public Key Algorithms CSC 474/574 Dr. Peng Ning 1 Public Key Algorithms Public key algorithms covered in this class RSA: encryption and digital signature
More informationNetwork Security. Chapter 4 Public Key Cryptography. Public Key Cryptography (4) Public Key Cryptography
Chair for Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics TU München Prof. Carle Encryption/Decryption using Public Key Cryptography Network Security Chapter 4 Public Key Cryptography However,
More informationChapter 9. Public Key Cryptography, RSA And Key Management
Chapter 9 Public Key Cryptography, RSA And Key Management RSA by Rivest, Shamir & Adleman of MIT in 1977 The most widely used public-key cryptosystem is RSA. The difficulty of attacking RSA is based on
More informationCrypto CS 485/ECE 440/CS 585 Fall 2017
Crypto CS 485/ECE 440/CS 585 Fall 2017 SSL/TLS Secure Sockets Layer, Transport Layer Security Web (HTTPS), email, any application based on sockets Key ideas Authentication Secure key exchange End-to-end
More informationStream Ciphers and Block Ciphers
Stream Ciphers and Block Ciphers Ruben Niederhagen September 18th, 2013 Introduction 2/22 Recall from last lecture: Public-key crypto: Pair of keys: public key for encryption, private key for decryption.
More informationEncryption Algorithms
Encryption Algorithms 1. Transposition Ciphers 2. Substitution Ciphers 3. Product Ciphers 4. Exponentiation Ciphers 5. Cryptography based on Discrete Logarithms 6. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 1.
More informationPUBLIC KEY CRYPTO. Anwitaman DATTA SCSE, NTU Singapore CX4024. CRYPTOGRAPHY & NETWORK SECURITY 2018, Anwitaman DATTA
PUBLIC KEY CRYPTO Anwitaman DATTA SCSE, NTU Singapore Acknowledgement: The following lecture slides are based on, and uses material from the text book Cryptography and Network Security (various eds) by
More informationComp527 status items. Crypto Protocols, part 2 Crypto primitives. Bart Preneel July Install the smart card software. Today
Comp527 status items Crypto Protocols, part 2 Crypto primitives Today s talk includes slides from: Bart Preneel, Jonathan Millen, and Dan Wallach Install the smart card software Bring CDs back to Dan s
More informationAnalysis, demands, and properties of pseudorandom number generators
Analysis, demands, and properties of pseudorandom number generators Jan Krhovják Department of Computer Systems and Communications Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic Jan Krhovják
More informationWAP Security. Helsinki University of Technology S Security of Communication Protocols
WAP Security Helsinki University of Technology S-38.153 Security of Communication Protocols Mikko.Kerava@iki.fi 15.4.2003 Contents 1. Introduction to WAP 2. Wireless Transport Layer Security 3. Other WAP
More informationRef:
Cryptography & digital signature Dec. 2013 Ref: http://cis.poly.edu/~ross/ 2 Cryptography Overview Symmetric Key Cryptography Public Key Cryptography Message integrity and digital signatures References:
More informationAcronyms. International Organization for Standardization International Telecommunication Union ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
Acronyms 3DES AES AH ANSI CBC CESG CFB CMAC CRT DoS DEA DES DoS DSA DSS ECB ECC ECDSA ESP FIPS IAB IETF IP IPsec ISO ITU ITU-T Triple DES Advanced Encryption Standard Authentication Header American National
More information9/30/2016. Cryptography Basics. Outline. Encryption/Decryption. Cryptanalysis. Caesar Cipher. Mono-Alphabetic Ciphers
Cryptography Basics IT443 Network Security Administration Slides courtesy of Bo Sheng Basic concepts in cryptography systems Secret cryptography Public cryptography 1 2 Encryption/Decryption Cryptanalysis
More informationPublic Key Cryptography
Public Key Cryptography Giuseppe F. Italiano Universita` di Roma Tor Vergata italiano@disp.uniroma2.it Motivation Until early 70s, cryptography was mostly owned by government and military Symmetric cryptography
More informationMaking and Breaking Ciphers
Making and Breaking Ciphers Ralph Morelli Trinity College, Hartford (ralph.morelli@trincoll.edu) Smithsonian Institute October 31, 2009 2009 Ralph Morelli You are free to reuse and remix this presentation
More informationCryptography Basics. IT443 Network Security Administration Slides courtesy of Bo Sheng
Cryptography Basics IT443 Network Security Administration Slides courtesy of Bo Sheng 1 Outline Basic concepts in cryptography systems Secret key cryptography Public key cryptography Hash functions 2 Encryption/Decryption
More informationThe most important development from the work on public-key cryptography is the digital signature. Message authentication protects two parties who
1 The most important development from the work on public-key cryptography is the digital signature. Message authentication protects two parties who exchange messages from any third party. However, it does
More informationEEC-682/782 Computer Networks I
EEC-682/782 Computer Networks I Lecture 23 Wenbing Zhao wenbingz@gmail.com http://academic.csuohio.edu/zhao_w/teaching/eec682.htm (Lecture nodes are based on materials supplied by Dr. Louise Moser at UCSB
More informationLecture 6 - Cryptography
Lecture 6 - Cryptography CMPSC 443 - Spring 2012 Introduction Computer and Network Security Professor Jaeger www.cse.psu.edu/~tjaeger/cse443-s12 Question Setup: Assume you and I donʼt know anything about
More informationKey Exchange. References: Applied Cryptography, Bruce Schneier Cryptography and Network Securiy, Willian Stallings
Key Exchange References: Applied Cryptography, Bruce Schneier Cryptography and Network Securiy, Willian Stallings Outlines Primitives Root Discrete Logarithm Diffie-Hellman ElGamal Shamir s Three Pass
More informationLecture 5. Encryption Continued... Why not 2-DES?
Lecture 5 Encryption Continued... 1 Why not 2-DES? 2DES: C = DES ( K1, DES ( K2, P ) ) Seems to be hard to break by brute force, approx. 2 111 trials Assume Eve is trying to break 2DES and has a single
More informationLecture 2 Applied Cryptography (Part 2)
Lecture 2 Applied Cryptography (Part 2) Patrick P. C. Lee Tsinghua Summer Course 2010 2-1 Roadmap Number theory Public key cryptography RSA Diffie-Hellman DSA Certificates Tsinghua Summer Course 2010 2-2
More informationComputer Security 3/23/18
s s encrypt a block of plaintext at a time and produce ciphertext Computer Security 08. Cryptography Part II Paul Krzyzanowski DES & AES are two popular block ciphers DES: 64 bit blocks AES: 128 bit blocks
More informationCryptography. Cryptography is everywhere. German Lorenz cipher machine
Crypto 101 Cryptography Cryptography is everywhere German Lorenz cipher machine 2 Cryptography Cryptography deals with creating documents that can be shared secretly over public communication channels
More informationCryptography Functions
Cryptography Functions Lecture 3 1/29/2013 References: Chapter 2-3 Network Security: Private Communication in a Public World, Kaufman, Perlman, Speciner Types of Cryptographic Functions Secret (Symmetric)
More informationKey Management and Distribution
CPE 542: CRYPTOGRAPHY & NETWORK SECURITY Chapter 10 Key Management; Other Public Key Cryptosystems Dr. Lo ai Tawalbeh Computer Engineering Department Jordan University of Science and Technology Jordan
More informationn-bit Output Feedback
n-bit Output Feedback Cryptography IV Encrypt Encrypt Encrypt P 1 P 2 P 3 C 1 C 2 C 3 Steven M. Bellovin September 16, 2006 1 Properties of Output Feedback Mode No error propagation Active attacker can
More informationChair for Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics TU München Prof. Carle. Network Security
Chair for Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics TU München Prof. Carle Network Security Chapter 2 Cryptography 2.4 Public Key Cryptography Acknowledgments This course is based to
More informationDiffie-Hellman. Part 1 Cryptography 136
Diffie-Hellman Part 1 Cryptography 136 Diffie-Hellman Invented by Williamson (GCHQ) and, independently, by D and H (Stanford) A key exchange algorithm o Used to establish a shared symmetric key Not for
More informationCPSC 467b: Cryptography and Computer Security
CPSC 467b: Cryptography and Computer Security Instructor: Michael Fischer Lecture by Ewa Syta Lecture 5 January 23, 2012 CPSC 467b, Lecture 5 1/35 Advanced Encryption Standard AES Alternatives CPSC 467b,
More informationCryptography & Key Exchange Protocols. Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering HCMC University of Technology
Cryptography & Key Exchange Protocols Faculty of Computer Science & Engineering HCMC University of Technology Outline 1 Cryptography-related concepts 2 3 4 5 6 7 Key channel for symmetric cryptosystems
More informationLecture 4. Encryption Continued... Data Encryption Standard (DES)
Lecture 4 Encryption Continued... 1 Data Encryption Standard (DES) 64 bit input block 64 bit output block 16 rounds 64 (effective 56) bit key Key schedule computed at startup Aimed at bulk data >16 rounds
More informationAlice in Cyber world
Alice in Cyber world Protecting Secrets in The Connected World K.S.Sreedharan Director IT Zoho Cast Alice Claude Eve Bob Govan Story So Far Symmetric Key Asymmetric Key Twist in the Tale Claude Convenience
More informationA simple approach of Peer-to-Peer E-Cash system
A simple approach of Peer-to-Peer E-Cash system Mr. Dharamvir, Mr. Rabinarayan Panda Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, The Oxford College of Engineering Bangalore, India. Abstract-With the popularization
More informationModule: Cryptographic Protocols. Professor Patrick McDaniel Spring CMPSC443 - Introduction to Computer and Network Security
CMPSC443 - Introduction to Computer and Network Security Module: Cryptographic Protocols Professor Patrick McDaniel Spring 2009 1 Key Distribution/Agreement Key Distribution is the process where we assign
More informationThe Design of an Anonymous and a Fair Novel E-cash System
International Journal of Information & Computation Technology. ISSN 0974-2239 Volume 2, Number 2 (2012), pp. 103-109 International Research Publications House http://www. ripublication.com The Design of
More informationIntroduction to Cryptography and Security Mechanisms: Unit 5. Public-Key Encryption
Introduction to Cryptography and Security Mechanisms: Unit 5 Public-Key Encryption Learning Outcomes Explain the basic principles behind public-key cryptography Recognise the fundamental problems that
More informationInternet and Intranet Protocols and Applications
Internet and Intranet Protocols and Applications Lecture 10: Internet and Network Security April 9, 2003 Arthur Goldberg Computer Science Department New York University artg@cs.nyu.edu What is network
More informationJaap van Ginkel Security of Systems and Networks
Jaap van Ginkel Security of Systems and Networks November 5, 2012 Part 3 Modern Crypto SSN Week 2 Hashes MD5 SHA Secret key cryptography AES Public key cryptography DES Book Chapter 1 in full Chapter 2
More informationChair for Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics TU München Prof. Carle. Network Security
Chair for Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics TU München Prof. Carle Network Security Chapter 2 Basics 2.2 Public Key Cryptography Encryption/Decryption using Public Key Cryptography
More informationEEC-484/584 Computer Networks
EEC-484/584 Computer Networks Lecture 23 wenbing@ieee.org (Lecture notes are based on materials supplied by Dr. Louise Moser at UCSB and Prentice-Hall) Outline 2 Review of last lecture Introduction to
More informationCS 332 Computer Networks Security
CS 332 Computer Networks Security Professor Szajda Last Time We talked about mobility as a matter of context: How is mobility handled as you move around a room? Between rooms in the same building? As your
More informationCSC 774 Network Security
CSC 774 Network Security Topic 2. Review of Cryptographic Techniques CSC 774 Dr. Peng Ning 1 Outline Encryption/Decryption Digital signatures Hash functions Pseudo random functions Key exchange/agreement/distribution
More informationGrenzen der Kryptographie
Microsoft Research Grenzen der Kryptographie Dieter Gollmann Microsoft Research 1 Summary Crypto does not solve security problems Crypto transforms security problems Typically, the new problems relate
More informationOverview. Public Key Algorithms I
Public Key Algorithms I Dr. Arjan Durresi Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70810 Durresi@csc.lsu.Edu These slides are available at: http://www.csc.lsu.edu/~durresi/csc4601-04/ Louisiana State
More informationSECURITY IN NETWORKS 1
SECURITY IN NETWORKS 1 GOALS Understand principles of network security: Cryptography and its many uses beyond con dentiality Authentication Message integrity 2. 1 WHAT IS NETWORK SECURITY? Con dentiality:
More informationData Encryption Standard (DES)
Data Encryption Standard (DES) Best-known symmetric cryptography method: DES 1973: Call for a public cryptographic algorithm standard for commercial purposes by the National Bureau of Standards Goals:
More informationCryptography (Overview)
Cryptography (Overview) Some history Caesar cipher, rot13 substitution ciphers, etc. Enigma (Turing) Modern secret key cryptography DES, AES Public key cryptography RSA, digital signatures Cryptography
More informationWeek 5: Advanced Encryption Standard. Click
Week 5: Advanced Encryption Standard Click http://www.nist.gov/aes 1 History of AES Calendar 1997 : Call For AES Candidate Algorithms by NIST 128-bit Block cipher 128/192/256-bit keys Worldwide-royalty
More informationPublic Key Cryptography, OpenPGP, and Enigmail. 31/5/ Geek Girls Carrffots GVA
Public Key Cryptography, OpenPGP, and Enigmail Cryptography is the art and science of transforming (encrypting) a message so only the intended recipient can read it Symmetric Cryptography shared secret
More informationTotal No. of Questions : 09 ] [ Total No.of Pages : 02
CS / IT 321 (CR) Total No. of Questions : 09 ] [ Total No.of Pages : 02 III/IV B. TECH. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, OCT / NOV - 2015 Second Semester COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING NETWK SECURITY Time : Three
More informationPublic Key (asymmetric) Cryptography
Public-Key Cryptography Public Key (asymmetric) Cryptography Luca Veltri (mail.to: luca.veltri@.veltri@unipr.it) Course of Network Security, Spring 2013 http:// ://www.tlc.unipr.it it/veltri Also referred
More informationDavid Wetherall, with some slides from Radia Perlman s security lectures.
David Wetherall, with some slides from Radia Perlman s security lectures. djw@cs.washington.edu Networks are shared: Want to secure communication between legitimate participants from others with (passive
More informationSymmetric-Key Cryptography
Symmetric-Key Cryptography CS 161: Computer Security Prof. Raluca Ada Popa Sept 13, 2016 Announcements Project due Sept 20 Special guests Alice Bob The attacker (Eve - eavesdropper, Malice) Sometimes Chris
More information