CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems Biometrics (Something You Are)
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1 CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems Biometrics (Something You Are) Professor Qiang Zeng Spring 2017
2 Previous Class Credentials Something you know (Knowledge factors) Something you have (Possession factors) Something you are (Inherence factors) How to store passwords securely? Multi-factor authentication Time-based One Time Password (OTP) RSA s SecurID Google Authenticator CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 2
3 Previous class When you go to an ATM machine to withdraw money, is it two- factor authen9ca9on? Yes. Something you know: PIN Something you have: Debit Card CIS 5512 Operating Systems 3
4 How to store user passwords Store hash values only (i.e., never store passwords as plaintext) It will be a disaster if you store user passwords as plaintext and the server gets compromised Adding salts when hashing Prevent rainbow table attack Store salt1, hash(salt1, password1); salt2, hash(salt2, password2); Now the pre-computed rainbow table is useless Using a slow hash algorithm Slow down Brute Force or Dictionary Attack CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 4
5 Outline What are Biometrics? What are Biometrics used for? Advantages and Disadvantages How to evaluate its effectiveness? Framework of a Biometric System Case studies Fingerprint Iris CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 5
6 Biometrics Biometrics: the measurement and application of human characteristics Bio-: life -Metrics: to measure Applications: Authentication: Something you are Identification: To identify individuals CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 6
7 Identification vs. Authentication Identification (also known as One to Many) A sample is effectively matched against all templates in the database The user only provide her biometric as input Authentication (also known as Verification or One to One) The sample is matched against one pre-selected template. The pre-selected template is determined by the claimed identity in the form of, e.g., username CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 7
8 Biometrics are widely used Smartphones FBI US Immigration department Disney CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 8
9 Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages You do not need to remember sth. (as with passwords) You do not need to carry sth. (as with security tokens) More convenient and quicker (e.g., compared to typing) Recognition can be automated (critical for police and FBI) Disadvantages Some biometrics may be easily stolen, e.g., fingerprint Accuracy Users may not feel comfortable (e.g., scanning eyes) Costly CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 9
10 Types of Biometrics Physiological Biometrics Fingerprint Hand Geometry Iris Face DNA Behavioral Biometrics Signature Typing Rhythm Gait CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 10
11 Market share CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 11
12 CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 12
13 Biometric Template A biometric template is a digital representation of an individual s distinct characteristics CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 13
14 Framework of Applying Biometrics for Authentication CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 14
15 Five important components Sensor Scans the biometric trait of the user Feature extractor Processes the scanned biometric data to extract the template Template database For storage Matcher Compares two templates and outputs a similarity score Decision module Determines Yes (matched) or No (not-matched) CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 15
16 How to measure accuracy False Rejection Rate (FRR) as known as False Non-Match Rate (FNMR) the percentage that the system fails to detect a match between a user s input template and the user s stored template False Acceptance Rate (FAR) also know as False Match Rate (FMR) the percentage that the system incorrectly matches the input pattern to a non-matching template in the database. Apple s TouchID: FAR is 1 in 50,000 CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 16
17 FRR and FAR CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 17
18 Fingerprint Characteristics CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 18
19 An example technology that extracts features from fingerprints A fingerprint is made of a series of ridges and grooves. Once a fingerprint is captured the system locates the minutia points where the lines of the ridges begin, end, branch off and merge. These points are then mapped and lines are drawn between points. This creates a map of how each point relates to the other points. The map is then stored as a data stream called a minutia template CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 19
20 Iris Recognition CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 20
21 CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 21
22 Some systems do not work well (yet) Voice recognition is hard because there are filters which can make a female voice seem male and makes you sound like another, etc. Face recognition currently has error rates that are too high. Typing patterns, walking patterns ("gait"), etc. CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 22
23 Comparison CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 23
24 Summary Biometrics Measurement and applications of human characteristics Applications Identification Authentication False rejection rate; false accept rate Fingerprint Iris CIS 4360 Secure Computer Systems 24
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