Introduction to VANET

Transcription

1 VANET

2 Introduction to VANET -Vehicles connected to each others through an ad hoc formation form a wireless network called Vehicular Ad Hoc Network. -Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a subgroup of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). -It includes V2V communications and V2R communications and is important component of ITS. -Nodes are expected to communicate by means of North American DSRC standard that employs the IEEE p standard for wireless communication.

3 Continued.. Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) provides wireless communication among vehicles and vehicle to road side equipment's. It provides comfort and commercial applications to the road users. Figure : Working structure of VANET

4 Why VANET Increase traveler safety 10.8 million vehicle crashes from 1990 to ,000 fatalities in 2009 only 24,000 Deaths due to collision with other vehicles / objects. Waste Oil around $100billion per year Boost on-board luxury

5 VANET

6 ARCHITECTURE V2V V2 R Server (Traffic Monitoring) Road Side Unit (RSU) Server (Location Based Service)

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8 Applications of VANET

9 When data is compromised, the whole system suffers. Security in VANETs The nature of VANETs could lead to malicious attacks. o Predictable movement of nodes. o High mobility of victim/attacker. Adversaries could break the system. o Data sinkholes (black hole) o Feed false information. o Sybil attacks. o Flood the system. Security measures must be taken to avoid malicious attacks on the system.

10 Threats in VANET Threats to Availability Threats to Authentication Threats to driver s Confidentiality

11 Threats to Availability

12 Black Hole Problem Fig. Black Hole Problem

13 Threats to Authentication

14 Threats to Confidentiality Because VANET mobility is higher than MANET, routing with capability of ensuring security in VANET is more problematic than Ad-hoc. Illegal collection of messages by eavesdropping and gathering of location information available through the transmission of broadcast messages. Location privacy and anonymity are important issues for vehicle users.

15 Mobility Challenges in VANETs Volatility Privacy VS Authentication Privacy VS Liability Network Scalability

16 Message authentication and integrity. Security Requirements Message non-repudiation. Node authentication. Access control. Message confidentiality. Availability Accountability. Privacy protection.

17 Authentication Every message must be authenticated to make sure its origin and to control authorization level of the vehicles Vehicles sign messages with their private keys along with digital certificate Digital signature causes an overhead. To reduce this overhead ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) can be used

18 Availability - Vehicular network must be available all the time, in real-time - A delay in seconds for some applications will make the message meaningless and maybe the result will be devastating - Attempting to meet real-time demands makes the system vulnerable to the DoS attack.

19 Accountability/Non-repudiation Non-repudiation will facilitate the ability to identify the attackers even after the attack happens. This prevents cheaters from denying their crimes. Accountability is related to the ability to provide necessary evidence to show how each party involves in the communications. Any information related to the car, e.g. the trip route, speed, time, any violation will be stored in a tamper-proof OBU, any official side holding authorization can retrieve this data.

20 Privacy Keeping the information of the drivers away from unauthorized observers, this information like real identity, trip path, speed etc. The privacy could be achieved by using temporary (one-time) keys. Keys are stored in the tamper-proof OBU. The keys will be reloaded in next time that the vehicle makes an official checkup.

21 Continued.. For preserving the real identity of the driver, an ELP (Electronic License Plate) is used, this license is installed in the factory for every new vehicle, it provides an identification number for the vehicle, to identify the vehicle in anywhere, with the RFID technology to hold the ELP. In case when the police or any official wants the real identity, it can take an order from the judge to recover the identity of specific vehicles ELP.

22 Secure Routing Requirements Keeping the information of the drivers away from unauthorized observers, this information like real identity, trip path, speed etc. The privacy could be achieved by using temporary (one-time) keys. Keys are stored in the tamper-proof OBU. The keys will be reloaded in next time that the vehicle makes an official checkup.

23 Continued.. For preserving the real identity of the driver, an ELP (Electronic License Plate) is used, this license is installed in the factory for every new vehicle, it provides an identification number for the vehicle, to identify the vehicle in anywhere, with the RFID technology to hold the ELP. In case when the police or any official wants the real identity, it can take an order from the judge to recover the identity of specific vehicles ELP.

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