The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

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1 The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Miguel A. Garcia Martin Nokia Siemens Networks Application and Services in Internet Helsinki University of Technology October 24, Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

2 Contents Brief Introduction to IMS IMS Architecture IMS signalling flows 2 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

3 The need for IMS Circuit-switched network (2G or 3G) The circuit-switched network can establish connections between terminals Packet-switched network (GPRS or 3G)? IP connections with GPRS or 3G also exist... but also a standardised way of using IP services BETWEEN TERMINALS is needed 3 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

4 Person-to-person IP connection Find and connect Circuit-switched network (2G or 3G) IP Multimedia Core finds the other terminal and connects the terminals with IP SIP IP Multimedia Subsystem Packet-switched network (GPRS or 3G) SIP Any IP connection (e.g. GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, WLAN) IP-based services possible between terminals! 4 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

5 Person-to-Group IP connection Find and connect Circuit-switched network (2G or 3G) IP Multimedia Core finds the other terminal and connects the terminals with IP SIP IP Multimedia Subsystem Packet-switched network (GPRS or 3G) SIP Any IP connection (e.g. GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, WLAN) IP-based services possible between terminals! 5 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

6 Person-to-Machine IP connection Find and connect SIP proxy IP Multimedia Core finds the other terminal and connects the terminals with IP SIP IP Multimedia Subsystem Packet-switched network (GPRS or 3G) SIP Any IP connection (e.g. GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, WLAN) IP-based services possible between terminals! 6 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

7 Multimedia Communication Rich Calls IMS enables IP connections between terminals over different access networks, and even connections to circuit switched terminals Rich communication is possible between IP terminals and can include e.g.: Voice Video Content sharing Application sharing Text etc. within one session, combined flexibly during the session Sessions may have multiple participants 7 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

8 IMS in a nutshell IMS is a Multimedia (Call/) Control Service over packet networks IMS builds a common architecture for offering new services in the packet domain Including single login (authentication) Including access charging, service charging and content charging IMS allows two or more users to establish multimedia sessions. Including Quality of Service IMS introduces enhanced network services Including Presence, Conferencing, Push, Chat, Push-to-talk, Signalling plane is separated from user plane Signalling plane always routed home IMS is access agnostic 8 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

9 9 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007 IMS architecture

10 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architecture Media Server Application Server Internet Mb SIP phone UE UE WLAN AP Radio Network WLAN SGSN PS PS GGSN PDG Gi/Mb Go Cx I-CSCF IMS MRF Mp HSS Cx Mg ISC Mb Mb MGW Mn TDM ISUP PSTN CPE SGW SIP phone Other TCP/IP network SIP ADSL/cable Signaling SIP phone CSCF Call Session Control Function SGW Signaling Gateway MGW IM-Media Gateway PDG Packet Data Gateway MGCF Media Gateway Control Function MRF Media Resource Function 10 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

11 Node classification (1) Database elements HSS (Home Subscriber Server) SLF (Subscription Locator Function) IMS control elements SIP-AS OSA-SCS Sh IM-SSF Sh Si ISC ISC ISC Mr MRFC Mp Serving Call/Session Control Function Proxy Call/Session Control Function I-CSCF Interrogating Call/Session Control Function Interworking Elements Cx Dx Cx Dx Mk HSS SLF Mi Mj MRFP SGW MGCF - Media Gateway Control Function BGCF Breakout Gateway Control Function I-CSCF BGCF MGCF Mn SGW Signaling Gateway MGW Media Gateway MGW 11 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

12 Node classification (2) Media server MRFC Media Resource Function Controller MRFP Media Resource Function Processor SIP-AS OSA-SCS Mr Sh IM-SSF Sh Si ISC ISC ISC Cx HSS MRFC Mp Application Servers SIP AS Session Initiation Protocol Application Server OSA-SCS AS Open Service Architecture Service Capability Server Cx Dx Dx Mk SLF Mi Mj MRFP SGW IM-SSF AS IP Multimedia Service Switching Function I-CSCF BGCF MGCF Mn MGW 12 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

13 The HSS and SLF Home Subscriber Server (HSS) Main user database Stores IMS user related information Authentication vectors Service profile Considered an evolution of the GSM HLR Acts as a Diameter server Protocol: Diameter Mr SIP-AS OSA-SCS Sh IM-SSF Sh Si ISC ISC ISC Cx HSS Dx Cx Dx SLF Mi Mk Mj MRFC Mp MRFP SGW Subscription Location Function (SLF) Required when there is more than one HSS I-CSCF BGCF MGCF Mn Looks up the user identity and finds its HSS Acts as an enhanced Diameter relay MGW Protocol: Diameter 13 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

14 The Serving Call/Session Control Function Central control plane node Provides session control Always located in the home network Acts as a SIP proxy and SIP registrar Acts as a Diameter client towards the SLF/HSS Performs authentication of the user Triggers services (but do not execute them) Mr SIP-AS OSA-SCS Sh IM-SSF Sh Si ISC ISC ISC Cx HSS Dx Cx Dx SLF Mi Mk Mj MRFC Mp MRFP SGW Applies network and user related policy Is dynamically allocated at registration time I-CSCF BGCF MGCF Mn Generates charging records Protocols: SIP and Diameter MGW 14 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

15 The I-CSCF Interrogating Call/Session Control Fction. First entry node in the home network Selects a for a user, when required Acts as a SIP proxy server Acts as a Diameter client towards the SLF/HSS Queries the HSS to find out the allocated to the user Generates charging records Mr SIP-AS OSA-SCS Sh IM-SSF Sh Si ISC ISC ISC Cx HSS Dx Cx Dx SLF Mi Mk Mj MRFC Mp MRFP SGW Protocols: SIP and Diameter I-CSCF BGCF MGCF Mn MGW 15 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

16 The Proxy Call/Session Control Function First signaling point of contact from the UE Acts as an outbound SIP proxy server Located either in the visited or home network Performs compressions/decompression of SIP and SDP Applies local policy to media streams Interacts with the policy elements to authorize media streams Mr SIP-AS OSA-SCS Sh IM-SSF Sh Si ISC ISC ISC Cx HSS Dx Cx Dx SLF Mi Mk Mj MRFC Mp MRFP SGW Establishes an IPsec connection to the IE Generates charging records I-CSCF BGCF MGCF Mn Protocols: SIP, IPsec, Sigcomp, Diameter MGW 16 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

17 The PCRF Policy Control and Charging Rules Ftion. Policy Control Decision Gets dynamic session information from the P- CSCF Gets subscriber policy information from the SPR (Subscription Profile Repository) Performs service data flow detection, gating, QoS and service flow charging Decides how a service data flow is treated at the GGSN Authorizes QoS resources Protocols: Diameter 17 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

18 The PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement Ftion. Policy Enforcement Function, integrated in the GGSN, PDG, or similar node Rx Performs gate enforcement: A data flow passes through the GGSN Sp Performs QoS enforcement: SPR Controls bandwidth usage and packet forwarding time PCRF Performs credit control A data flow passes through the GGSN if there is enough credit to pay for it Gx Gy Online Charging System Protocols: Diameter Gz GGSN (incl. PCEF) Offline Charging System 18 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

19 Media Resource Function Media Resource Function (MRFC+MRFP) Provides additional media resources Media announcement, IVR, transcoding, conferencing, etc. Media Resource Function Controller Acts as a SIP User Agent Controls resources in MRFP via H.248 Generates charging records Protocols: SIP, H.248 Mr SIP-AS OSA-SCS Sh IM-SSF Sh Si ISC ISC ISC Cx HSS Dx Cx Dx SLF Mi Mk Mj MRFC Mp MRFP SGW Media Resource Function Processor I-CSCF BGCF MGCF Mn Mixes media Offers media resources (e.g., announcements) MGW Provides floor control Protocols: RTP, MSRP, H Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

20 Interworking with CS networks Needed when the IMS boundary is crossed to a Circuit Switched network (e.g., PSTN, PLMN, etc.) May take place at a home or third party network Both control and user plane SIP BGCF SGW ISUP/IP SIP MGCF ISUP/MTP Switch Telephone Telephone H.248 PCM IMS RTP PSTN Telephone MGW 20 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

21 The BGCF Border Gateway Control Function IMS originated call breaks to the PSTN One BGCF located in the home network Does B-number analysis Locates a CS gateway operator SGW ISUP/IP ISUP/MTP Telephone Another BGCF located in visited/3 rd party network Does B-number analysis Locates an MGCF Generates charging records Protocols: SIP, Diameter (for charging) SIP IMS BGCF SIP MGCF H.248 RTP Switch PCM PSTN Telephone Telephone MGW 21 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

22 The MGCF Media Gateway Control Function Translates SIP to ISUP (or BICC) over IP Controls resources in a Media Gateway via H.248 SGW ISUP/IP ISUP/MTP Telephone Generates charging records SIP SIP Protocols: SIP, ISUP/SCTP, BICC/SCTP, H.248 BGCF MGCF H.248 Switch PCM Telephone IMS RTP PSTN Telephone MGW 22 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

23 The SGW and MGW Signaling Gateway Bridges lower layers: ISUP/SCTP/IP <-> ISUP/MTP BICC/SCTP/IP <-> BICC/MTP Protocols: MTP, SCTP SGW ISUP/IP ISUP/MTP Telephone SIP SIP Media Gateway BGCF MGCF Switch Telephone Translates Real-Time Protocol (RTP) to Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) in a circuit Transcodes when needed IMS RTP H.248 PCM PSTN Telephone Protocols: H.248, RTP, PCM MGW 23 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

24 Application Servers Application Servers Services are executed in Application Servers The involves one more ASes in the session signaling Three types of Application Servers SIP AS: native to IMS OSA-SCS AS, IM SCF: legacy services All three types exhibit the same behavior towards the ASes interface the and the HSS Protocols: SIP, Diameter OSA AS OSA-SCS SIP AS gsmscf IM-SSF ISC Sh Sh Si ISC ISC HSS 24 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

25 The SIP AS SIP AS Native AS for newly developed IMS services Can act as either SIP proxy, User Agent, or Back-to-Back-User-Agent (B2BUA) May interfaces the HSS to retrieve user data Generates charging records Protocols: SIP, Diameter OSA AS gsmscf OSA-SCS SIP AS IM-SSF ISC Sh Sh ISC ISC Si HSS 25 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

26 The IM-SSF IM-SSF AS Interfaces IMS with legacy Intelligent Network (IN) services From the IN perspective, it acts as a Service Switching Function (SSF) From IMS perspective, it acts as a SIP node Executes legacy IN services May interface the HSS to retrieve user data Protocols: SIP, CAP (CAMEL Application Protocol), Diameter (charging) OSA AS OSA-SCS SIP AS gsmscf IM-SSF ISC Sh Sh Si ISC ISC HSS 26 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

27 The OSA-SCS OSA-SCS AS Interfaces IMS with legacy Open Service Access application servers OSA is capable of providing authentication for third party service providers From IMS perspective, it acts as a SIP node Executes legacy OSA services May interface the HSS to retrieve user data Protocols: SIP, Diameter OSA AS OSA-SCS SIP AS gsmscf IM-SSF ISC Sh Sh Si ISC ISC HSS 27 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

28 IMS-ALG and TrGW IMS Application Layer Gateway Provides IPv4/IPv6 interworking in the signaling path Acts as a SIP B2BUA Controls a TrGW through the Ix interface Interfaces the I- and Rewrites SDP and SIP to change IP addresses Protocols: SIP, non-standardized Ix interface protocol Transition Gateway Provides IPv4/IPv6 interworking in the media path Mr SIP-AS OSA-SCS Sh IM-SSF Sh Si ISC ISC ISC Cx HSS Dx Cx Dx SLF Mi Mk Mx Mx I-CSCF BGCF IMS-ALG Ix Mj MRFC Mp MRFP SGW MGCF Mn Acts as a NAT-PT/NAPT-PT (Network Address Port Translator Protocol Translator). TrGW MGW Protocols: RTP, non-standardized Ix interface protocol 28 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

29 Visited / Home domain SLF HSS Sh AS Home network Dx Cx Cx ISC Gm UE I-CSCF PDF Mi Go Mr MRFC MRFP SGSN Visited network GGSN BGCF Mj MGCF SGW and GGSN are always located in the same network, in this case, the visited network MGW Mc 29 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

30 Visited / Home domain SLF HSS Sh AS Home network Dx Cx Cx ISC Gm UE I-CSCF PDF Mi Go Mr MRFC MRFP SGSN Visited network GGSN BGCF Mj MGCF SGW and GGSN are located in the home network SGSN is located in the visited network Third party network MGW Mc 30 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

31 3GPP Rel 5/6 IMS Main Protocols Sh SLF HSS AS Dx Cx Diameter Gm UE I-CSCF Cx ISC Mr MRFC Compression Go Diameter for Policy Control Mi SIP MRFP H.248 GGSN Mj BGCF MGCF SGW SIP SIP-ISUP H.248 Mc MGW 31 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

32 User Plane in IMS User plane in IMS is generally sent end to end (e.g., UE to UE, UE to MGW, or UE to MRFP) Audio and video protocols are sent over the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) The companion Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) is used to get feedback of the media reception Mandatory codecs in IMS: AMR narrowband Telephone event (RFC 2833) to send DTMF signals If wideband is supported, then AMR wideband is mandatory If video is supported, then H.263 baseline is mandatory; H.263 version 2 profile 3 and MPEG-4 visual are optional If text telephony is supported, then T.140 is mandatory Lately, the Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP) has been added to carry instant messages 32 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

33 Session Setup (1) Visited Network A Visited Network B 1. INVITE 12. INVITE 11. INVITE 2. INVITE HSS I-CSCF 9. INVITE 10. INVITE AS 8. INVITE 3. INVITE AS 4. INVITE 5. INVITE 6. INVITE I-CSCF 7. Diameter LIR/LIA HSS Home Network A Home Network B 33 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

34 Session Setup (2) Visited Network A Home networks Visited Network B INVITE 200 OK 200 OK INVITE RTP GGSN GGSN SGSN Signalling traverses proxies and home network User plane is sent end to end SGSN 34 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

35 Identities in IMS IMS defines three types of identities: Public User Identity Private User Identity Public Service Identity 35 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

36 Public User Identity One or more public user identities are allocated to each user Takes the form of a SIP URI or TEL URI sip:miguel.garcia@nsn.com tel: Allocated by the home operator Used for triggering services Not used for authentications One public user identity can be stored in the UICC (aka SIM card) The user can register to the network one more public user identities simultaneously, Procedure: Implicit public user identity registration 36 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

37 Private User Identity One private user identities is allocated to each user Takes the form of a Network Access Identifier (NAI, RFC 2486) miguel@operator.net Allocated by the home operator Not known by the user Used for authentication purposes The private user identity is stored in the UICC (aka SIM card). It is unique, since the SIM is unclonable 37 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

38 Public/private user identity relation Assumption: one terminal, one UICC, one private user identity Different public user identities can be registered from different terminals The same public user identity can be be registered from different terminals Private User Identity - 1 Public User Identity - 1 IMS Subscription Public User Identity - 2 Private User Identity - 2 Public User Identity Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

39 Public Service Identity Similar to public user identities, but allocated to services rather than users Take the form of a SIP URI or TEL URI sip:conf34@operator.net tel: Typically hosted by an Application Server Public service identities are not authenticated No corresponding private user identity 39 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

40 40 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007 IMS signaling flows

41 Preconditions for registration UE SGSN GGSN HLR HSS 1. GPRS level registration 2. PDP Context Activation 3. discovery 4. IMS level registration 41 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

42 IMS registration (1) Visited Network A 1. REGISTER Unauthorized 2. REGISTER Unath. HSS 3. Diameter UAR/UAA I-CSCF 5. Diameter MAR/MAA Unath. 4. REGISTER AS Home Network A 42 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

43 IMS registration (2) Visited Network A 1. REGISTER 3 rd party registration: Informs the AS about the user registration HSS OK 3. Diameter UAR/UAA 5. Diameter MAR/MAA OK 2. REGISTER I-CSCF OK 4. REGISTER AS 9. REGISTER OK Home Network A 43 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

44 Registration flow IMS Terminal I-CSCF HSS (1) REGISTER (10) 401 Unauthorized (2) REGISTER (9) 401 Unauthorized (3) Diameter UAR (4) Diameter UAA (5) REGISTER (6) Diameter MAR (7) Diameter MAA (8) 401 Unauthorized (11) REGISTER (12) REGISTER (13) Diameter UAR (14) Diameter UAA (15) REGISTER (16) Diameter SAR (20) 200 OK (19) 200 OK (18) 200 OK (17) Diameter SAA 44 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

45 Session initiation (1) Visited Network A Visited Network B 1. INVITE 12. INVITE 11. INVITE 2. INVITE HSS I-CSCF 9. INVITE 10. INVITE AS 8. INVITE 3. INVITE AS 4. INVITE 5. INVITE 6. INVITE I-CSCF 7. Diameter LIR/LIA HSS Home Network A Home Network B 45 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

46 Session initiation flow (1) Originating Visited Network Originating Home Network Terminating Home Network Terminating Visited Network IMS Terminal #1 I-CSCF HSS IMS Terminal #2 (1) INVITE (2) 100 (3) INVITE Trying (4) 100 Trying Evaluation of initial filter criteria (5) INVITE (6) 100 Trying (7) Diameter LIR (8) Diameter LIA (9) INVITE (10) 100 Trying Evaluation of initial filter criteria (20) 183 Session Progress (19) 183 Session Progress (18) 183 Session Progress (17) 183 Sesssion Progress (11) INVITE (12) 100 Trying (16) 183 Session Progress (13) INVITE (14) 100 Trying (15) 183 Session Progress Pre-alert user 46 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

47 Session initiation flow (2) Originating Visited Network Originating Home Network Terminating Home Network Terminating Visited Network IMS Terminal #1 Resource Reservation (20) 183 Session Progress (21) PRACK (30) 200 OK (31) UPDATE (22) PRACK (29) 200 OK (32) UPDATE I-CSCF HSS (23) PRACK (28) 200 OK (33) UPDATE (24) PRACK (27) 200 OK (34) UPDATE (25) PRACK (26) 200 OK (35) UPDATE IMS Terminal #2 Resource Reservation (40) 200 OK (39) 200 OK (38) 200 OK (37) 200 OK (36) 200 OK Alert user 47 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

48 Session initiation flow (3) Originating Visited Network Originating Home Network Terminating Home Network Terminating Visited Network IMS Terminal #1 I-CSCF HSS IMS Terminal #2 (46) 180 Ringing (45) 180 Ringing (44) 180 Ringing (43) 180 Ringing (42) 180 Ringing (41) 180 Ringing Alert user (47) PRACK (48) PRACK (49) PRACK (50) PRACK (51) PRACK (56) 200 OK (62) 200 OK (55) 200 OK (61) 200 OK (60) 200 OK (54) 200 OK (59) 200 OK (53) 200 OK (58) 200 OK (52) 200 OK (57) 200 OK Accept session (63) ACK (64) ACK (65) ACK (66) ACK (67) ACK Media plane (RTP) 48 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

49 Call to Circuit Switched (CS) networks Visited Network A 1. INVITE SGW 10. ISUP IAM PSTN switch 9. ISUP IAM 2. INVITE AS 3. INVITE 4. INVITE MGCF 8. H.248 MGW 7. INVITE 5. INVITE HSS BGCF 6. INVITE BGCF Home Network A CS interworking network 49 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

50 Call flow to CS networks (1) Originating Network Home Network CS interworking Network BGCF 1 BGCF 2 MGCF MGW SGW (1) INVITE (2) 100 Trying Evaluation of initial filter criteria (3) INVITE (4) 100 Trying (5) INVITE (15) 183 Session Progress (16) PRACK (21) 200 OK (14) 183 Session Progress (6) 100 Trying (13) 183 Session Progress (17) PRACK (20) 200 OK (7) INVITE (8) 100 Trying (11) 183 Session Progress (9) H.248 ADDrq (10) H.248 ADDrp (12) ISUP: IAM (18) H.248 MODrq (19) H.248 MODrp 50 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

51 Call flow to CS networks (2) Originating Network Home Network CS interworking Network BGCF 1 BGCF 2 MGCF MGW SGW (22) UPDATE (25) 200 OK (23) UPDATE (24) 200 OK (26) ISUP: COT (31) 180 Ringing (30) 180 Ringing (29) 180 Ringing (28) 180 Ringing (27) ISUP: ACM (32) PRACK (33) PRACK (35) 200 OK (34) 200 OK (36) ISUP: ANM (37) H.248 MODrq (42) 200 OK (41) 200 OK (40) 200 OK (39) 200 OK (38) H.248 MODrs (43) ACK (44) ACK Media plane (RTP) 51 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

52 Call from Circuit Switched (CS) networks Visited Network A 10. INVITE SGW 1. ISUP IAM PSTN switch 2. ISUP IAM 9. INVITE AS 7. INVITE 8. INVITE MGCF 3. H.248 MGW 6. INVITE 4. INVITE HSS 5. Diameter LIR/LIA I-CSCF BGCF Home Network A CS interworking network 52 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

53 Call flow from CS networks (1) Terminating Network Home Network CS interworking Network HSS I-CSCF MGCF MGW SGW (1) ISUP: IAM (2) H.248 ADDrq (4) INVITE (3) H.248 ADDrp (6) Diameter LIR (5) 100 Trying (8) INVITE (7) Diameter LIA Evaluation of initial filter criteria (9) 100 Trying (10) INVITE (11) Trying (12) 183 Sess. Progress (13) 183 Session Progress (16) PRACK (17) PRACK (14) H.248 MODrq (15) H.248 MODrp (18) 200 OK (19) 200 OK 53 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

54 Call flow from CS networks (2) Terminating Network Home Network CS interworking Network HSS I-CSCF MGCF MGW SGW (22) UPDATE (21) UPDATE (20) ISUP: COT (23) 200 OK (24) 200 OK (25) Ringing (31) PRACK (26) Ringing (30) PRACK (27) ISUP: ACM (28) H.248 MODrq (32) 200 OK (33) 200 OK (29) H.248 MODrp (34) 200 OK (41) ACK (35) 200 OK (40) ACK (36) 200 OK (37) ISUP: ANM (38) H.248 MODrq (39) H.248 MODrp Media plane (RTP) 54 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

55 Triggering services Services are triggered in the (but executed in ASes) Central to triggering services is the initial Filter Criteria (ifc) The ifc is a collection of triggers set for a given public user identity The ifc defines the Application Servers to be contacted when the conditions are fulfilled The ifc is stored in the HSS embedded in the user profile. The downloads the user profile when the user registers. Every SIP request that initiates a SIP dialog (e.g., INVITE, SUBSCRIBE), or every standalone SIP request (e.g., REGISTER, OPTIONS), make the to evaluate the ifc Example of Filter Criteria semantics: All INVITE requests addressed to the user Where the calling party is a given identity Are sent to a given AS 55 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

56 Structure of the User Profile / Filter Criteria User Profile Private User Identity Service Profile n 1 to n Service Profile 2 Service Profile 1 Public Identification n 1 to n Public Identification 2 Public Identification 1 Initial Filter Criteria n 0 to n Initial Filter Criteria 2 Initial Filter Criteria 1 Initial Filter Criteria Priority 0 to 1 Trigger Point Trigger Point Service Point Trigger 1 to n Service Point Trigger Service Point Trigger Request-URI SIP Method SIP Header Session Case Session Description 0 to n Shared Initial Filter Criteria n Shared Initial Filter Criteria 2 Shared Initial Filter Criteria 1 Application Server SIP URI Default Handling Service Information 56 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

57 AS acting as a SIP UA (1) 1. INVITE 2. INVITE 3. INVITE AS OK OK OK Service provided to an originating user 57 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

58 AS acting as a SIP UA (2) 1. INVITE 2. INVITE 3. INVITE AS OK OK OK I-CSCF Service provided to a terminating user 58 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

59 AS acting as an originating UA 3. INVITE 2. INVITE 1. INVITE AS OK OK OK 59 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

60 4. INVITE AS acting as a SIP proxy AS 3. INVITE OK OK 1. INVITE 2. INVITE 5. INVITE OK OK OK Service provided to an originating user 60 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

61 4. INVITE AS acting as a SIP proxy AS 3. INVITE OK OK 1. INVITE 2. INVITE 5. INVITE 6. INVITE OK OK OK OK I-CSCF Service provided to a terminating user 61 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

62 AS acting as a redirect server 1. INVITE 2. INVITE 3. INVITE AS Moved Temporarily Moved Temporarily I-CSCF Moved Temporarily Service provided to a terminating user 62 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

63 OK AS acting as a B2BUA 3. INVITE A 1. INVITE A 2. INVITE A AS OK 7. INVITE B 8. INVITE B OK OK OK Service provided to an originating user 63 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

64 OK AS acting as a B2BUA 1. INVITE A 2. INVITE A 3. INVITE A AS OK 7. INVITE B 8. INVITE B 9. INVITE B OK OK OK OK I-CSCF Service provided to a terminating user 64 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

65 IMS bibliography Two books on the market describe IMS 65 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007 The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem: Merging the Internet and the Cellular Worlds, 2 nd edition. Gonzalo Camarillo and Miguel-Angel Garcia-Martin Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd. ISBN: December 2005 The IMS: IP Multimedia Concepts and Services in the Mobile Domain, 2 nd edition. Miikka Poikselkä, Georg Mayer, Hisham Khartabil, and Aki Niemi. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd. ISBN: March 2006

66 Thank you! Send comments, questions and feedback about this lecture to 66 Nokia Siemens Networks IMS / Miguel A. Garcia-Martin / October 2007

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