Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Rethinking Your Cloud Selection Strategy

Transcription

1 Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Rethinking Your Cloud Selection Strategy SESSION ID: CSV-W01 Bryan D. Payne Director of Security Research

2 Cloud Security Today Cloud has lots of momentum Lots of concerns about security What s the real story?!2

3 What this talk will cover What does it take to secure an IaaS cloud? Specific ideas to improve your cloud or select a cloud provider.!3

4 What this talk will NOT cover A cloud comparison A one-size-fits-all cloud security cookbook!4

5 Talk Outline Cloud Introduction (demo!) IaaS Architecture Details Security Differentiators Virtualization Stack Security (demo!) Questions & Wrap-up!5

6 Cloud Service Models Today s Talk!6

7 Public Cloud Users: Anyone with a credit card Provider! Doesn t trust users Doesn t want to violate users privacy Monitoring at network edges Fraud prevention Network reputation concerns Broad compliance concerns!7

8 Private Cloud Users: Part of a common organization Provider! Trusts users (at some level) Has full access to data / workloads Security from top to bottom Design undergoes great scrutiny Enterprise integration Targeted compliance concerns!8

9 Know Your Neighbors Who are your neighbors (other users)? Who is your cloud admin / operator / builder? Who else has privilege on the cloud? Who should? Who does?!9

10 Demo: How Things Can Go Very Wrong!10

11 Understanding IaaS Cloud Architectures

12 User Perspective Launch instances Take snapshots Flexible storage options API + web dashboard!12

13 Admin / Operator Perspective Create & manage users, projects, quotas, etc Configure cloud Monitor cloud events, logs, health, etc API + web dashboard!13

14 Builder Perspective Software engineer & DevOps Designs and creates cloud Controls security domains Many services to setup & manage!14

15 Cloud Simplicity Compute Object Storage Example services from OpenStack.!15

16 Individual Services Image Identity Dashboard Compute Object Storage Network Volume!16

17 Security Domains Image Identity Dashboard Compute Object Storage Network Volume!17

18 Gated Interconnects Image Identity Dashboard Compute Object Storage Network Volume!18

19 Map Data Paths Image Identity Dashboard Compute Object Storage Network Volume!19

20 Secure design complete or is it?!20

21 Individual Services Image Identity Dashboard Compute Object Storage Network Volume!21

22 Lots of Glue Image Identity Dashboard Billing Alarming Compute Object Storage DNS Automation Network Metering Load Balancing Certificate Authorities Account Maintenance Orchestration Monitoring Messaging Volume Databases!22

23 Data Paths Image Identity Dashboard Billing Alarming Compute Object Storage DNS Automation Network Metering Load Balancing Certificate Authorities Account Maintenance Orchestration Monitoring Messaging Volume Databases!23

24 Message Plumbing Image Identity Dashboard Billing Alarming Compute Object Storage DNS Automation Network Metering Load Balancing Certificate Authorities Account Maintenance Orchestration Monitoring Messaging Volume Databases!24

25 Billing Plumbing Image Identity Dashboard Billing Alarming Compute Object Storage DNS Automation Network Metering Load Balancing Certificate Authorities Account Maintenance Orchestration Monitoring Messaging Volume Databases!25

26 Alarm Plumbing Image Identity Dashboard Billing Alarming Compute Object Storage DNS Automation Network Metering Load Balancing Certificate Authorities Account Maintenance Orchestration Monitoring Messaging Volume Databases!26

27 SSL / TLS Plumbing Image Identity Dashboard Billing Alarming Compute Object Storage DNS Automation Network Metering Load Balancing Certificate Authorities Account Maintenance Orchestration Monitoring Messaging Volume Databases!27

28 Under Cloud Admin Plumbing Image Identity Dashboard Billing Alarming Compute Object Storage DNS Automation Network Metering Load Balancing Certificate Authorities Account Maintenance Orchestration Monitoring Messaging Volume Databases!28

29 So Much Plumbing! Image Identity Dashboard Billing Alarming Compute Object Storage DNS Automation Network Metering Load Balancing Certificate Authorities Account Maintenance Orchestration Monitoring Messaging Volume Databases!29

30 !30

31 OpenStack Security Guide Security guidance on deploying OpenStack (IaaS Cloud) Written in one week Diverse group of authors Continued contributions accepted through GitHub!31

32 Cloud Security Domains Cloud Users / Administrators External Data Guest Management Instance Instance Compute Node Instance Instance Compute Node API Endpoints Web Dashboard Storage Node Storage Node Management and Control Plane Services Cloud Operators!32

33 Example API Action: Launching an Instance External Management Source:

34 Security Challenges in the Cloud Audit trails Controlling access Defense in depth / Layered security Protecting bridge points API Endpoints Virtualization Security!34

35 Source:

36 Cloud Security Differentiators

37 Security Certifications Necessary, but not sufficient Mapping to cloud not always clear Not a useful place to differentiate!37

38 Threats High capability $$$$ Targeted Low Widespread $ Intelligence Services Organized Crime Highly Capable Groups Motivated Individuals Script Kiddies ISP Intercept Hypervisor Breakout Advanced Persistent Treat Complex 0-day Development Supply Chain Attack Distributed Denial of Service Spear Phishing Automated Exploitation Tools Service Brute Force Mass Phishing Source: OpenStack Security Guide Social Engineering (Employee)!38

39 Cloud Attack Vectors API Endpoints Web Dashboard Information Leakage VM Breakout Hardware Sharing Default Images Unsecured Instances Secondary Attacks Mitigation Strategies Service hardening, mandatory access controls, code audits HTTPS, HSTS, CSP, allowed referrers, disable HTTP trace SSL/TLS, disable memory dedup, random assignments Service hardening, mandatory access controls, code audits Avoid bare metal instances / device pass- through Secure and maintain default images User and/or tenant level network isolation for instances Least privilege, mandatory access controls, strong auth!39

40 Major Security Considerations High level architecture has different security domains End to end protection of network traffic Protected virtualization stack Protected API endpoints Ability to update easily Physical security at the datacenter!40

41 Case Study: TLS in the Cloud External Management Backend Service Client Customer-facing SSL certificate SSL / TLS Termination Load Balancing HTTP Header Inspection Backend Service Backend Service Backend Service Internal SSL certificate!41

42 Case Study: API Endpoint Protection External Management Compute Bob Mallory Identity Storage Database Message Queue!42

43 Source:

44 Securing the Virtualization Stack

45 What Is The Security Concern? Hypervisors have vulnerabilities A VM-breakout is among the worst exploits for cloud Breakdown of Hypervisor Vulnerabilities From Perez-Botero et al, Characterizing Hypervisor Vulnerabilities in Cloud Computing Servers, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Security in Cloud Computing (SCC), May 2013.!45

46 Other Virtualization Considerations Bad actors on the control plane Hardware emulation, entropy considerations for VM Side channel cache attacks!46

47 Mitigation Strategies Mandatory access controls (KVM+SVirt & Xen+XSM) Minimize & harden QEMU software stack Runtime monitoring Security updates!47

48 Demo: Layered Security Mitigates Attacks!48

49 Questions

50 Time For Action

51 Your Next Steps Securing Your Own Cloud Identify security controls? Threat model? Security-driven architecture? Can you audit everything? Evaluating 3rd Party Cloud Who has privilege? Bryan D. Payne