Contribution to Envri+ Workshop on SMART Cable Systems. Secure Data Communication Protocol For Large Number of Distributed Sensors
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1 Contribution to Envri+ Workshop on SMART Cable Systems Secure Data Communication Protocol For Large Number of Distributed Sensors Brest, France, 13 November 2017 Fadi Obied, Philippe Dhaussy Univ. Européenne de Bretagne Lab-STICC / MOCS UMR CNRS 6285 ENSTA-Bretagne, Brest fadi.obeid@ensta-bretagne.org philippe.dhaussy@ensta-bretagne.fr
2 Presentation Plan Context Insecure Model Architecture and Functioning Conventional Security (AES256) Scheme and Application Proposed Solution (RITA) Scheme and Application Comparison Prototype Simulation and Future Work Conclusion
3 Context The Joint Task Force (ITU-WMO-UNESCO IOC) investigates the potential of using submarine telecommunication cables for ocean and climate monitoring and disaster warning. The objectives of this contribution are to provide baseline requirements that will improve the security of data communication between sensors and data base hosts. The communication needs to have specific security confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, availability, Interruptibility properties as This contribution investigates an appropriate data encoding to secure data transmission. 3/24
4 Architecture Sensors Si S1 Sn Host A Host B R1 Ri Scientific Center Data Base Rn SC Web Service 4/24
5 System Information Sensors (S): They send data to hosts. They do not need to be owned by the research headquarters. Repeaters (R): They are owned by the same company as the communication line. Hosts: Can be owned by different countries or companies. Scientific Center (SC): Collects data from sensors. Data Base: Provides an archive of collected data. Web Services: Provides access to live and archived data. 5/24
6 Functioning Data Acquisition: Sensor Si sends (IDSi,data) to Host A or B, or both. Hosts forward data to the scientific center. Archiving: SC insures received data are stored in one or multiple data bases. Public and private access: Web services provide secure access to live and stored data. Control and configuration: SC should be able to control, configure, and completely manage sensors. To configure Si, SC sends (IDSi,data) through hosts. 6/24
7 Security Concerns: Communication between sensors and SC only. Confidentiality: Messages between Si and SC are only readable by Si and SC. Authenticity: Messages received by SC originate only from Si (the correct one). Messages received by Si originate from SC. Integrity: Messages between Si and SC cannot be modified by other parties. Availability: If at some point the communication is interrupted, both Si and SC would know. Interruptibility: Communication can be interrupted by hosts. Data sent from sensors during the interruption phase are collected by hosts. Unchanged, unread, collected data can be forwarded to SC after interruption. 7/24
8 Classic Cryptography Entity B (authorized) Entity C (unauthorized) Description Entity B (authorized) Sharing & maintaining a secret key No key = No encryption/decryption Modified ciphers = Malformed Cost Encryption + Decryption time Expensive Materials Power, memory, etc. consumptions Message Life-cycle Message Created Message Encrypted Cipher Sent Message Red Cipher Decrypted Cipher Received 8/24
9 AES 256 PlainText AddRoundKey SubBytes ShiftRows MixColumns AddRoundKey SubBytes ShiftRows AddRoundKey CipherText 9/24 13 Times
10 Applying AES 256 Sensors Si S1 Sn Plain Text Security Boxes B1 Bi Bn Cipher Test Host A Host B R1 Ri Scientific Center Data Base 10/24 Rn SC Web Service
11 Attacks and Solutions Chosen/Known plain text: Use random padding. Replaying ciphers: Use timestamps or session tags. Side channel analysis: Use dynamic keys Inside job: Use security boxes on SC. Message delay/delete: Detect using synchronization and messages sequence. DoS: No practical solution Resulting cipher: c = (address, enc(data,pad,time-stamp)) 11/24
12 Security Box A Device A RITA Protocol T=[on:x1,off:y1,stat:z1] m = on Security Box B Device B T=[on:x1,off:y1,stat:z1] send: x1 c = T[on] T=[on:x2,off:y1,stat:z1] m=find(t,x1) m = on T=[on:x2,off:y1,stat:z1] Description Cost Sharing & maintaining a secret table Sharing a secret algorithm No table = No coding/decoding No algorithm = No table analysis Modified messages = Malformed 2 x 'index search in table' Table updates: After sending/receiving Cheap materials Low power consumption Low to moderate memory consumption Message Life-cycle Message Created Message Matched Code Sent Message Red Code Matched Code Received 12/24
13 Table Update Example T=[x1,y1,z1] ST=[sx1,sy1,sz1] F1 Substitution F2 Functions F1: F2: Test : Permutation Test T=[x2,y1,z1] ST=[sx2,sy1,sz1] 13/24 Input: Input: Input: i,st i,st i,t Output: Output: Output: T[i],ST[i] T[i],ST[i] ok/no
14 Special Cases Security Box A Device A Device A: Production frequency: 5x SBox A: Update frequency: 1x Solution : Multiple SBoxes. Device A: unlimited/many possibilities SBox A: very limited possibilities. Solution : Binary, base ten, etc.. + multiple SBoxes if needed. 14/24
15 Applying RITA Sensors S1 Si Sn Security Boxes B1 Bi Bn Port Boxes P P P R1 Ri Rn Host A P B1 Bi Bn SC Data Base 15/24 Web Service Host B
16 Specifications Sensor SBox Temperature/Pressures/Location/.. C = x/s, F = 1/s. SBox big/numerous enough for x/s. First value is divided. 16/24 Images/Videos/.. (large data) Binary. Multiple SBoxes. Or : Simulating multiple SBoxes.
17 Robustness Confidentiality: Messages between SBoxi and his twin are meaningless to others. Authenticity: Only the twin of an SBox can send readable messages. Integrity: Modified messages = unreadable messages. Availability: Synchronous communication guarantees detection of unavailability. Interruptibility: Communication can be interrupted by hosts. The order is conserved, which means that messages can be processed later. 17/24
18 AES256 vs RITA Producing 1 message per 1 computation step Computation Steps RITA AES Reduced AES Optimized Messages 18/
19 AES256 vs RITA Producing 1 message per 5 computation steps Computation Steps RITA AES Reduced AES Optimized Messages 19/
20 Simulation Device SBox Device Creates random messages from table. No waiting, full speed. SBox Prepares coded message Updates table for next message Messages/Second Production Rate 1 Update Rate Full Update Rate Table Size 20/24 Production affected by simulation noise. 1 Update slightly affected by table size. Full Update highly affected by table size.
21 Simulation Time Till Finished Insecure 1 Update Rate Full Update Rate Wait Between Messages (seconds) F > m/s : Insecure is faster then the others m/s < F < m/s : 1 Update becomes instant. F < 6666 m/s : Full Update becomes instant. 21/24
22 Future Work Improving Simulations Simplifying choices and options. Improving code execution and performance. Dynamic behavior depending on commands. Improved resend/reset/.. Realistic scenario based on multiple simulated devices. Physical implementation on embedded devices. Robustness analysis of design and implementation. Actual implementation on SMART Cable System. S1 S2 S3 B1 B2 B3 P P P Including: - SBoxes and Ports. - Data base - Data access (live and archive) R1 R2 R3 Server 22/24
23 Conclusion Concept studied and improved over a year. Proved useful at research level. Simulation and application still in early stages. Room for improvements. Security level. Performance. Simulation. ENVRI+ Case study with industrial participants of the JTF Smart Cable? Simulation of one of the potential demonstrators? Interaction with ENVRI+ community. Validating the compatibility with advanced scientific data management? 23/24
24 Questions? 24/24
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