Train as you Fight: Are you ready for the Red Team?
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1 Train as you Fight: Are you ready for the Red Team? An inside look at Red Teaming Yves Morvan
2 Agenda Introduction What is Red Teaming? VA s vs. Penetration Test vs. Red Teaming Who Needs Red Team Exercises? CDX Cyber Defense Exercise How does Red Team fit in? The Red Team The People, the Infrastructure, The Tools Methodology Coordinating it all Fun and profit! Questions
3 Introduction Yves Morvan IT Security Professional, 14+ year public servant, husband and father of 2 boys. Part time chef, musician Pen Tester with Secure North IT Senior Penetration Tester / Security Researcher at DND s Information Management Engineering & Integration Unit (DIMEI) Red Team Leader at Canadian Forces Network Operations Centre
4 What is Red Teaming? Vulnerability Assessment vs Penetration Test What is Red Teaming? VA s vs. Penetration Test vs. Red Teaming Most Organizations understand VA s & Pen Tests Should already employ a VA / Pen Test strategy Vulnerability Assessments Utilize automated tools to identify known vulnerabilities, mis-configurations, processes, etc. Penetration Tests VA included Exploit vulnerabilities discovered during VA
5 What is Red Teaming? Red Team Exercise vs Penetration Test Simulating a threat actor vs. Exploit each vulnerability Time allocated to Red Team much greater than Pen Test Scope for Red Team exercises is typically much greater than Pen Test Objectives vary Red Team is attempting to accomplish a goal / objective. Red Team EX provides snapshot of overall security posture of the organization. Pen Test is confirming level of risk vulnerability exposes a system / network / organization
6 Who Needs Red Teaming? Obviously! EVERYBODY! Improve Security Posture Organizations with mature penetration testing strategy will benefit most. Assists organizations prioritize which elements of the enterprise receive pen tests and track progress. Findings will provide organization with overall security posture against a determined adversary with specific goals in mind. This does not mean VA s and pen tests are no longer required, quite the opposite.
7 Who Commissions Red Team Exercises? CEO / CIO / CSO High level executives will request the exercise Full access to Red Team as trusted agents. Unbeknownst to the Incident Handlers, surveillance analysts and blue team operators. Have the power to stop Red Team at any point Actual cyber attack is occurring Red Team can assist in the hunt
8 How does the methodology differ? Emulating real world threat actors Much stealthier than Pen Test No noisy vulnerability assessment tools. Low and slow approach is often utilized to prevent / lower risk of detection Tools / capabilities limited only by Red Team capabilities Home brew custom tools. Non-commercial tools for Command & Control (C2) Must study real world actors based on numerous indicators and evolve accordingly Exploits must be properly reviewed / vetted to ensure success and not effect client system in negative fashion. Time Less required to get immediate results Low and slow
9 Red Team Assessment Phases Cyber Kill Chain Model: Recon Weaponize Delivery Exploitation Installation / Foothold Command & Control Act on objectives
10 Red Cell Exercise Background: What is CDX? CDX is a 72 hour computer security competition between US and Canadian military post graduate schools designed to foster education and awareness among our future military leaders about the role of Information Assurance (IA) in protecting the nation s critical information systems.
11 Red Cell Exercise Background: What is CDX? The goal of the annual Cyber Defense Exercise (CDX) is to provide a simulated real-world educational exercise that will challenge the students to build secure networks and defend those networks against adversarial attacks.
12 Red Cell Exercise Background: What is CDX? I am using CDX primarily as the backdrop to this presentation in order to provide insight into military style cyber exercises. I can not discuss real world Red Team engagements The idea is to enforce the notion of train as you fight
13 White Cell What is CDX? The Players Trusted Agents / Referees Gray Cell Simulated or human generated traffic / actions Blue Cell Defenders / Incident Handlers Red Cell OPFor / Threat actors
14 Be it CDX or real world Cyber Defense Operations are an ongoing battle that requires significant investments in resources and infrastructure. Exercising your capabilities is key in identifying flaws or weaknesses that can be bypassed or leveraged by the Attacker.
15 The Red Cell The People
16 The Red Cell The People Coordinating a large team of attackers is not as simple as one would imagine, some people are: Used to working alone or small groups Multi-talented individuals Experts in certain fields We need to be a coordinated set of capabilities to bring the pain and achieve our collective goals and objectives
17 The Red Cell The People
18 The Red Cell The People Teams are created based on various roles and capabilities. People are assigned to one or more teams. Team Leads work with their chain of command to keep everyone informed.
19 Access The Red Cell The Teams Initial foot in the door and Reconnaissance Persistence Install foothold. We re here to stay Post Exploitation (Windows / *NIX) Lateral movement, dump/steal creds, pivoting, cause general havoc! Web We have lots of fun here!
20
21 The Red Cell Infrastructure With numerous Red Cell teams and operators on keyboard at any given time you need... INFRASTRUCTURE!!!
22
23 Command and Control (C2) servers Team Servers Staging Servers Post Exploitation Servers Long Haul Servers Implants with multi protocol/agent support And finally.. Redirectors!!! The Red Cell Infrastructure
24 The Red Cell Infrastructure - Redirectors
25 The Red Cell Initial Access example
26 The Red Cell Initial Access example
27 Implants/Backdoors/shells/tools - Cobalt Strike, MSF, Canvas, custom etc - WebShells, *NIX backdoors/implants - Regular ole SysAdmin tools too! - Wiki - Knowledgebase of all things haxxor at your fingertips - Test infrastructure The Red Cell Tools - You thought we didn t test first?
28 The Red Cell Tools And of course, the people using the tools!
29 Coordinating it all What is everyone doing? What objectives are affected? What s next? Next attack? Which team? What s the plan? Who needs help? Who needs more time? Is everything documented? Did you sleep yet?
30
31 Coordinating it all Chain of Command Real World Red Team Scenario: High Level Executive Trusted Agent / Client Red Team Leader Day / Night Shift Leads Team Leads Task Leads Operators
32 Coordinating it all Chain of Command Exercise Red Team Scenario: Exercise Director OPFor / Red Cell Director Day / Night Red Cell Shift Leads Team Leads Task Leads Operators
33
34 Fun and Profit Major breaches Social Engineering Don t use your admin account to see a web defacement, it s probably malicious Web Defacements Taunts / Jokes Evil things! Even we had to debate them for hours! * Remember These stories are from an exercise!
35
36
37 Taunt your opponent??
38 Do you want to join our team?
39 Questions? OK Beer?
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