An Experimental Analysis on Iterative Block Ciphers and Their Effects on VoIP under Different Coding Schemes
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1 An Experimental Analysis on Iterative Block Ciphers and Their Effects on VoIP under Different Coding Schemes Gregory Epiphaniou 1 Carsten Maple 1 Paul Sant 1 Matthew Reeves 2 1 Institute for Research in Applicable Computing University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom 2 Modern Networks Hitchin, United Kingdom 7 th International Joint Conference on E-business and Telecommunications, ICETE, 2010
2 Outline VoIP Quality of Service and Security 1 VoIP Quality of Service and Security
3 The Big Questions Around VoIP QoS and Security How variable speech encoding schemes can affect VoIP QoS when used in conjunction with security protocols? What is the accurate combination of encoding schemes, ciphers and payload sizes? How to address the tradeoffs between delay, loss, jitter buffers and packet sizes for a given VoIP service? Is the default voice payload size for each speech compressor (coder) the accurate setting when encryption is applied?
4 Addressing the problematic areas Security constraints may impose a serious degradation to VoIP quality Increased end-to-end (e2e) delay due to security processing Strong encryption cannot provide adequate QoS Tackle the encryption penalty without degrading the call quality Voice payload encryption, or packet encryption and encapsulation into a new packet
5 Addressing the problematic areas (cont.) Proper selection of the encryption algorithm Impossibility for the crypto-engine to favour voice traffic over normal one Disproportional ratio between the headers and the actual voice carried across the network QoS protocols cannot be well suited with all the security mechanisms Tradeoffs between the crypto-engine s throughput, e2e delay and VoIP packet size Increased bandwidth consumption due to security mechanisms
6 Simulation Testbed NS-2 simulator IPSec in transport mode 600 User Agents interconnected (VoIP endpoints) All codecs and payloads supported DES, 3DES, HMAC-SHA-1 Simulation Process Initial Configuration (parameters.dat) Change payload size and cipher Default payload/burst-idle times/rate/cipher PHASE 1 Python Script that generates Call NS2 Simulator network topology for NS-2 AWK scripting to interpret simulation output files Completely automated with Python scripting PHASE 2 Output call 1 Output call 2 Output call ms propagation delay 300 simultaneous VoIP calls PHASE 3 Results Visualisation with MATLAB Delay Traces Packet Loss Traces Intel Xeon Quad Core (2.4GHz) with 4GB RAM and a Linux Centos 5.4
7 Encrypted VoIP packet Overheads Table: VoIP Ethernet packet overheads for encrypted traffic with AES/DES/3DES and IPSec in two modes of operation Coder Packet Size (bytes) Rate (kbps) AES Trans. (bytes) AES Tunn. (bytes) DES/3DES Trans. (bytes) G G G G G DES/3DES Tunn. (bytes)
8 Plain VoIP Traffic for G.711, G.723.1, G.726 and G.729 Avg E2E Delay [sec] bytes 40bytes 160bytes 60bytes bytes bytes Avg E2E Delay [sec] Avg E2E Delay [sec] 10bytes 20bytes 30bytes 40bytes 50bytes 60bytes 0.09 Number of VoIP calls with G.711 (64kbps) for plain traffic 0.09 Number of VoIP calls with G.726 (24kbps) for plain traffic 0.09 Number of VoIP calls with G.729 (8kbps) for plain traffic Packet Loss Rate % bytes 160bytes 240bytes Packet Loss Rate % bytes 60bytes 80bytes Packet Loss Rate % bytes 20bytes 30bytes 40bytes 50bytes 60bytes 0 Number of VoIP calls with G.711 (64kbps) for plain traffic 0 Number of VoIP calls with G.726 (24kbps) for plain traffic 0 Number of VoIP calls with G.729 (8kbps) for plain traffic Avg E2E Delay [sec] bytes 40bytes Avg E2E Delay [sec] bytes 80bytes 120bytes Avg E2E Delay [sec] bytes 48bytes Number of VoIP calls with G (5.3kbps) for plain traffic 0.09 Number of VoIP calls with G.726 (32kbps) for plain traffic Number of VoIP calls with G (6.3kbps) for plain traffic Packet Loss Rate % bytes 40bytes Packet Loss Rate % Packet Loss Rate % bytes 48bytes 0 Number of VoIP calls with G (5.3kbps) for plain traffic 0 Number of VoIP calls with G.726 (32kbps) for plain traffic 0 Number of VoIP calls with G (6.3kbps) for plain traffic
9 DES & HMAC-SHA-1 Table: Simulation Results for DES & HMAC-SHA-1 Coder Rate (kbps) Payload Size (bytes) Avg. e2e Delay (ms) Packet Loss Rate % Feasible VoIP Calls G G G G G
10 3DES & HMAC-SHA-1 Table: Simulation Results for 3DES & HMAC-SHA-1 Coder Rate (kbps) Payload Size (bytes) Avg. e2e Delay (ms) Packet Loss Rate % Feasible VoIP Calls G G G G G
11 AES (128 bit) & HMAC-SHA-1 Table: Simulation Results for AES (128 bit) & HMAC-SHA-1 Coder Rate (kbps) Payload Size (bytes) Avg. e2e Delay (ms) Packet Loss Rate % Feasible VoIP Calls G G G G G
12 VoIP Quality of Service and Security Which combination of ciphers payloads and codecs to be used is an area of serious considerations for VoIP VoIP unavoidably suffers from the impairments normal packet transmission can suffer There is a significance to the payload size used by the codecs in terms of e2e delay end packet loss rates The crypto-engine seems to perform better with large payload sizes Encryption can add up to 90ms average e2e delay for the same streams in comparison to plain traffic with the same codec
13 VoIP Quality of Service and Security Which combination of ciphers payloads and codecs to be used is an area of serious considerations for VoIP VoIP unavoidably suffers from the impairments normal packet transmission can suffer There is a significance to the payload size used by the codecs in terms of e2e delay end packet loss rates The crypto-engine seems to perform better with large payload sizes Encryption can add up to 90ms average e2e delay for the same streams in comparison to plain traffic with the same codec The default VoIP payload size is not the appropriate selection when encryption is used
14 Thank You
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