IP 多媒體子系統應用平台 (IMS) 技術架構剖析

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1 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Overview IP 多媒體子系統應用平台 (IMS) 技術架構剖析 Ken-Ling Hsu Layering of IMS Solution Page 2 Vertically Integrated Architecture Lucent IMS Architecture USER DATA Web Portal IM VoIP VoD Common Resources Sharing of of common data Single user profile Single Sign on Integrated Web portal experience APPLICATION Simplified Converged Apps Common applications across s Independent applications Reduced interaction development costs Integrated voice and data services Underlying network hiding SESSION Session Control Walled access to to applications Prevents bit pipe hijacking Hides endpoint idiosyncrasies from apps Provides service interaction policies Leverage investments across many applications and market segments ENDPOINTS Access Independent Eliminates multiple service solutions Supports global roaming Consistent services / home network

2 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Key Technical Attributes Page 3 Layer Open Industry Standard Support for a Variety of s: Speed s to market Common Session Control Element to Provide Service Interworking Predictable interactions between multiple services Web Portal Servers Common OAM&P,Billing, etc. Common OAM&P environment Ease integration into OSS/NMS Common Subscriber Database with Open Interfaces Session Control Layer Distributed Session Control IMS flexibility and scalability reduce OPEX Support mobility Session Control Access Centralized Databases Media Server Common support for QoS, security, scalability, reliability, and performance Media and End Point Layer Service Consistency Across Wireless, Wireline POTS and VoIP Endpoints: Retain ownership of the subscriber and their services Ability to provide differentiated services Media Control & Gateways Other s Capable of Interworking with PSTN and Legacy IN Based Services An example of a up-coming NGN service set The following slides provide an example of a service that can be offered in the near future in an NGN network. Page 4 The example focuses on a business subscriber who has the following multimedia equipment: A cell phone (WiFi and bluetooth enabled) A company PC (including bluetooth and voice communication equipment) A PDA (WiFi enabled).

3 Example Used network architecture Page 5 In the example the possible communication techniques are listed depending on the subscriber s location and presence. Servers Wireless IP over ATM, FR, GigE Enterprise WiFi OR Wireless network Enterprise building Example Out of the office building Page 6 Out of the office building Car Office building (WiFi coverage) In a meeting (WiFi coverage) Behind desk Cell phone (WiFi + bluetooth enabled) business calls (wireless) business calls (wireless) (WiFi) Only high priority calls (WiFi) Office PC (bluetooth enabled) Calls + video conf calls + IM + file transfer PDA (WiFi enabled) IM IM Priority contacts Private contacts Contacts list Buddy list Others

4 Example In the car Page 7 Out of the office building Car Office building (WiFi coverage) In a meeting (WiFi coverage) Behind desk Cell phone (WiFi + bluetooth enabled) (wireless) business calls (wireless) (WiFi) Only high priority calls (WiFi) Office PC (bluetooth enabled) Calls + video conf calls + IM + file transfer PDA (WiFi enabled) IM IM Priority contacts Private contacts!! Status update reason: Cell phone is inserted in handsfree car-kit Contacts list Buddy list Others!!!! Example In the office building Page 8 Out of the office building Car Office building (WiFi coverage) In a meeting (WiFi coverage) Behind desk Cell phone (WiFi + bluetooth enabled) (wireless) business calls (wireless) business calls (WiFi) Only high priority calls (WiFi) Office PC (bluetooth enabled) Calls + video conf calls + IM + file transfer PDA (WiFi enabled) IM IM Priority contacts Private contacts Contacts list Status update reason: Cell phone detects company s WiFi network and registers through this network Buddy list Others

5 Example In a meeting Page 9 Out of the office building Car Office building (WiFi coverage) In a meeting (WiFi coverage) Behind desk Cell phone (WiFi + bluetooth enabled) (wireless) business calls (wireless) (WiFi) Only high priority calls (WiFi) Office PC (bluetooth enabled) Calls + video conf calls + IM + file transfer PDA (WiFi enabled) IM IM Priority contacts Private contacts Contacts list Buddy list!!!!!! Status update reason: Cell phone mode is changed to meeting (silent mode) or scheduled meeting entry in the PC s calendar Others Example - Behind the desk Page 10 Out of the office building Car Office building (WiFi coverage) In a meeting (WiFi coverage) Behind desk Cell phone (WiFi + bluetooth enabled) (wireless) business calls (wireless) (WiFi) Only high priority calls business calls (WiFi) Office PC (bluetooth enabled) Calls + video conf calls + IM + file transfer PDA (WiFi enabled) IM IM Priority contacts Private contacts Contacts list Status update reason: Cell phone detects (using bluetooth) that it is in the vicinity of your office PC Buddy list Others

6 Who drives the IMS standards Services Architecture Wireless Driven Tools Open Mobile Alliance Defining IMS services, e.g. Instant Messaging, Push-to-Talk Not strictly mobile oriented, driving wireline services also The Parlay Group Integral to IMS architecture, define standard API frameworks Legacy American National Standards Institute T1.679 covers interworking between ANSI ISUP and International Telecommunication Union Q covers interworking between ITU-T ISUP and H.248 for media control 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3rd Generation Partnership Project2 Define IMS network elements and infrastructure Harmonization effort has kept definitions as similar as possible Internet Engineering Task Force Defines, SDP and other protocols underlying IMS IMS is driving some of the work in IETF Page 11 Wireline & Converged Architectures TISPAN - Merger of TIPHON (VoIP ( VoIP) ) and SPAN (Fixed) Agreement on reuse of 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS in comprehensive NGN plans Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions Nearing agreement to use 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS Multiservice Switching Forum Defining standards for open interoperable systems ITU-T T NGN Focus Group Leveraging IMS in wireline Harmonized 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS Architecture Page 12 UA Control Bearer Mb/36/38 Packet Data Subsystem Radio Access Blue = 3GPP definition Red = 3GPP2 definition Black = Common definition Green = Not Common Mb/32/37 Go/28 MRFP Mp/25 MRFC PDF 3 Mb/42 23 Mm/tbd Mr/24 Mw/ dd/ff Mk/tbd AAA Mi/ee Cx/16 Databases Mb/33 BGCF CSCF Home Subscriber Server ISC/12 Mc/30 Mj/17 Mg/17 Sh/7/11 Mb/34 IP Core Multi-media Subsystem (IMS) 4 MGW OSA-SCS -AS PSTN/26 For 3GPP, the PDF is within the. For 3GPP2, the PDF is a network entity of it s own. For 3GPP the HSS also contains HLR functionality which is not shown here. For 3GPP2 the AAA function shown in the HSS is a stand-alone entity. Additional interfaces exist in both the 3GPP and 3GPP2 reference models but are not included in this proposal for harmonization. OSA PDN PSTN / PLMN OSA-AS Key Takeaways Standards are well defined and converged Boxes are logical (not physical) entities. Several boxes will exist on same physical system Although CSCF and IMS are sometimes used interchangeably, CSCF is a subset of IMS

7 IMS Entity Definitions Signaling Entities HSS - Home Subscriber Server or HSS Collective Consists of AAA and Databases CSCF - Call Session Control Function 3 flavors Serving: Session control entity for endpoint devices I-CSCF Interrogating: Entry point to IMS from other networks Proxy: Entry point to IMS for devices BGCF - Breakout Gateway Control Function Selects network to use for PSTN/PLMN interworking - Media Gateway Control Function Controls MGW MRFC - Multimedia Resource Function Controller Controls MRFP PDF - Policy Decision Function Authorizes QoS requests AS - Servers provides services and applications Session Initiation Protocol () AS Open Service Access (OSA) Service Capability Server (SCS) & OSA AS AIN Interworking Server Page 13 Bearer Entities MGW - Media Gateway Inter-works RTP/IP and PCM bearers MRFP - Multimedia Resource Function Processor Provides conferencing, transcoding and announcements Support Systems HSS - Home Subscriber Server or HSS Collective Consists of AAA and Databases SLF Subscriber Locator Function Provides location of associated HSS Charging Entities ECF Event Collection Function (On Line) SCF Session Collection Function (On line) CCF Charging Collection Function (Off-Line) DNS and ENUM 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS reference points and protocols Page 14 3GPP/PP2 IMS reference points Cx (CSCF-HSS) Dh (AS-SLF) Dx (I-CSCF-SLF) Gm (UE-) ISC (CSCF-AS) Mg (-CSCF) Mi (CSCF-BGCF) Mj (BGCF-) Mk (BGCF-NGCF) Mm (CSCF- external IP Multimedia network) Mn (-IM-MGW) Mp (MRFC-MRFP) Mr (CSCF-MRFC) Mw (CSCF-CSCF) Sh (AS-HSS) Gq (PDF-AF) Protocols DIAMETER DIAMETER DIAMETER H.248 H.248 /-I DIAMETER DIAMETER In 3GPP2, Cx is between CSCF and AAA Not in 3GPP2 Not in 3GPP2 Notes In 3GPP2, Sh is between AS and AAA.

8 TISPAN NGN Architecture PSTN/ISDN Emulation Subsystem - Functional Architecture Page 15 Servers Rf/Ro Attachment Subsystem Sh UPSF Cx Other services (Simulation and MM services...) PSTN/ISDN Emulation ISC Dh Dx SLF Rf/Ro P3 Rf/Ro Chargin g Fun ctions Ib IWF Ia Gm S/T If P1 If Gq PES AGCF Mw Gq P2 Mw I/ Mr Mi MRFC Mp Mw/Mk/Mm BGCF Mg Resource and Admission Control Subsystem Mj Mk Mk Mn Ie SGF PSTN/ISDN IBCF Id Ic Other IP s Z GW MRFP T-MGF S/T Z MG IP Transport (Access and Core) I-BGF Page 16

9 The IMS layered structure Page 17 For clarity the IMS structure is divided into three layers: Media and endpoint layer Session control layer layer. The elements in the layers are managed by systems in the OAM&P domain. Mapping of IMS elements into layers Page 18 Mapping in a schematic representation of the elements and the layers to an IMS network.

10 The media and endpoint layer Page 19 The media and endpoint layer network elements are: User Equipment (UE) Media Gateway (MG) Media Gateway Control Function () Media Resource Function Processor (MRFP) Media Resource Function Controller (MRFC) Note: The S/BC is officially not part of the 3GPP/3GPP2 IMS The session control layer Page 20 The session control layer network elements are: Call Session Control Function (CSCF) which is divided into: Proxy-CSCF Interrogating-CSCF Serving-CSCF Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF) Policy Decision Function (PDF) Home Subscriber Server (HSS) Domain Name System (DNS) Charging system

11 Call Session Control Function Proxies used to manage sessions: Coordinates with other network elements Session control, feature control, resource allocation. Three flavors of CSCFs: Serving CSCF () - Session control entity for endpoint devices Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) - Entry point to IMS from other networks Proxy CSCF () - Entry point to IMS for devices. Functionally CSCFs follows Internet paradigms: I-CSCF Stateless entities at network edge, stateful entities in core Simple processing at edge, complex processing in core Security and authentication requirements increase towards managed core network. Page 21 Proxy CSCF () First contact point within the IMS for the subscriber Well known address(es) within network discovery can either be statically configured or via DHCP Authentication and Authorization Routes incoming requests based on registration status Sends the REGISTER request received from the UE to an I- CSCF determined using the home domain name, as provided by the UE Sends messages received from the UE to the server S- CSCF, whose name the has received as a result of the registration procedure Rejects non-authorized requests Authorize the bearer resources for the appropriate QoS level PDF functionality integrated in release 5, separate entity in release 6 compression and decompression Acts as a stateful proxy Generates CDR events Can act as User Agent and terminate calls in abnormal situations Detects and handles emergency session establishments Security element at edge of IMS network providing initial entry point for user equipment providing Lucent initial Technologies entry 2005 point - All Rights for Reserved user - Proprietary equipment I-CSCF PDF Managed Core Session Border Controller Access Page 22 HSS User Equipment (UE)

12 Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) Initial contact point for incoming network connections Well known address(es) within network Selects for a user performing registration Provides fan-out to support scalability Selection can be static or dynamic based on current conditions and user location Routes request to proper or external network element Query HSS for the address of to handle call If no is currently assigned, (e.g. unregistered termination), then assign to handle the request Acts as a stateless proxy Provides Topology Hiding Inter-network Gateway (THIG) Not required but provides valuable capabilities Hides configuration, capacity, and topology of network from outside I-CSCF Trusted or Visited IMS network routing proxy and S scalability support Page 23 HSS Serving CSCF () Registrar and Notification Server Acts like an IETF RFC 3261 compliant Registrar IETF RFC 3265 compliant event notifications, e.g., registration Generally 1-1 binding between registered endpoint and S- CSCF Locally Stores Subscriber Data The Serving CSCF retrieves the subscriber data from the HSS Includes filter criteria information, which indicates the Servers to contact for specified events Session Control and routing Provides session control for the registered endpoint's sessions Behaves as both Proxy and User Agent Generates session level CDRs Bearer Authorization Ensures that media types and quantities indicated by SDP for a session are within boundaries of subscriber's profile. Interaction Interacts with Services platforms for the support of services. Coordinates application server interactions and Lucent performs Technologies network All Rights routing Reserved - Proprietary Parlay App Parlay GW I-CSCF App MRFC BGCF Page 24 HSS

13 Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF) Selects the network in which PSTN breakout is to occur selected if breakout is to occur in the same network BGCF of a peer network can be selected to hand-off routing Page 25 No standards for criteria BGCF uses for selection, some possible factors: Current location of the calling UE Location of the PSTN address Local policies and business agreements between the peer network Minimize path distance Least cost path Generates CDRs BGCF BGCF Trusted or Visited PSTN Egress Selection Policy Decision Function The functions of the PDF are: In 3GPP release 5 and 3GPP2 revision 0 the PDF is integrated with the Session level control Authorize user QoS negotiation between wireless network and IP network Policy setting per session. Page 26

14 Home Subscriber Server Page 27 HSS is the master database in the IMS architecture: Logically it can be viewed as one entity Physically it can be made up of several physical databases. AAA Server: Provides IP-based Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting functions. Typical Databases Subscriber Profiles Subscriber specific information that is used for service and feature authorization. Dynamic Subscriber Information Current session registration data (i.e. Address, access network). Policy Rules Subscription resource usage, QoS, valid times and routes, geographical service area definitions, policy rules for the applications serving a user, etc. Domain Name System Page 28 The functions of the DNS are: Translation of URI s to IP addresses Support IP allocation Support network IP and E.164 routing.

15 ENUM = Resolution of Phone Numbers for IMS (one interpretation of Carrier ENUM) Page 29 IMS to IMS Call IMS to PSTN Call 3. ENUM Query of E.164 Number Returns URI sip:clientb@home.com 2. Subscriber Services Provided App Server(s) DNS ENUM 4. Query DNS for host IP address for routing sip:clientb@ App Server(s) 5. Subscriber Services Provided 2. Subscriber Services Provided App Server(s) DNS ENUM 3. ENUM Query of E.164 Number Returns No URI tel: Calling Party Home Called Party Home Calling Party Home I-CSCF BGCF IP Access 6. Call Routed to Client Through IP IP Access 4.. Route to Best PSTN Gateway MGC SG Media Gateway 1. Requests E.164 Number Requests E.164 Number Call Routed Through PSTN PSTN SS7 Client A Client B Client A PSTN Client IMS Charging The functions of the IMS charging system are: The IMS charging system performs off-line and on-line charging Transfer of charging data to billing center. The IMS specific charging elements exists out of the following: Charging Collection Function (CCF) Event Charging Function (ECF) Session Charging Function (SCF) Bearer Charging Function (BCF) Page 30

16 Distributed elements Page 31 Supports efficient network topologies Geographic redundancy Allows for large scale deployments. The application layer Page 32 The application layer network elements are: Server (AS) which can be a: Session Initiation Protocol () AS Open Service Access (OSA) AS IM-SSF SCIM Web portal.

17 Introduction In the IMS the is responsible to forward the session messages to the appropriate Servers for each individual subscriber. Page 33 This task is performed by: Defining a number of filter criteria for each subscriber Defining which actions should be taken when certain filter criteria are met On certain moments during a session (called Service Point Triggers) check whether the filter criteria have been met. Multiple trigger example Page 34 uses ifc to involve AS(s) to provide services Forwards messages to each AS in the order indicated by the Filter Criteria Order is based on priority of each AS associated ifc After last AS contacted, message is routed towards intended destination AS can decide to continue or disengage in subsequent messaging (Record-Route/Route inclusion). HSS Initial Filter Criteria (ifc) Download at Registration XML ifc Server Subsequent Filter Criteria (sfc) Dynamic update Server XML sfc Server Incoming Messages S P T F F Originating or Terminating Filters Filter Criteria F R o u t i n g Outgoing Messages

18 Server (AS) Interactions Service Point Triggers (SPTs) are points in signaling at which application servers can gain control Any initial Method, e.g., INVITE, REGISTER, SUBSCRIBE, MESSAGE, Presence or absence of any header Content of any header Direction of the request with respect to the served user (Originating or Terminating) Session description information (i.e. SDP) An XML based Initial Filter Criteria (ifc) is used to define a desired application interaction and includes the following information: SPT(s), where multiple SPTs may be linked with logical expressions (e.g. AND, OR, NOT, etc) Address of AS to be contacted Priority of initial filter criteria Default handling when AS cannot be reached Continue with lower priority initial filter criteria Abandon request and release Optional Service Information for the message body Optional Service Trigger (shortcut to trigger service logic in AS) Page 35 IMS Service Model Page 36 Server Server Server 2 - INVITE 3 200, 1 - INVITE 4 200, 2 - INVITE 7 200, 6 200, 3 - INVITE 1 - INVITE 4 200, Model 1: Server acting as terminating UA, or redirect server Server 2 - INVITE 3 200, Model 2: Server acting as originating UA 1 - INVITE 8 200, Model 3: Server acting as a proxy 4 - INVITE 5 200, 1 - INVITE 8 200, 2 - INVITE 7 200, 6 200, 3 - INVITE 4 - INVITE 5 200, 1 - INVITE 4 200, 2 - INVITE 3 200, Model 4: Server performing third party call control (B2BUA) Model 5: A leg is passed through the without Server involvement

19 Lucent IMS Architecture Models for Specific Services Page 37 Model Routing B2BUA Initiating B2BUA Terminating UA Originating UA Services* Closed User Group Outgoing Call Restrictions Call Center (Multiline Hunt Group) Do Not Disturb Call Return Last Number Redial Call Park Directed Call Pickup Account Codes Click to Call Voice Mail Appointment/Wake Up Call *Note that many services can be implemented in more than one way (e.g., Routing B2BUA or Proxy) Example: Simultaneous Ring and Presence Page A calls B 2. Service Broker (SB) intercepts call initiation message* 3. SB determines that called party has TAS service 4. SB sends message on to TAS 5. TAS determines that called party has Simultaneous Ring (SR) feature 6. SB intercepts the SR call messages 7. SB sends query to Presence Server on called party 8. P determines status of called party endpoints 9. P returns results to SB 10. SB deletes call messages for cell phones with NOT ON state 11. Call is completed to B s remaining endpoints Telephony App Server (TAS) 6 4 Presence 5 Server (P) Service Broker (SB) 2,3,6, B Called Party A - Calling Party * Note: these call messages are typically INVITES.

20 Registration / Re-Registration Page 39 1 Initiate Registration 2 Query DNS to obtain routing information for I-CSCF 3 Forward REGISTER to Home 4 Retrieve information needed for Selection 5 Forward REGISTER to 6 Retrieve and select Authentication Vector 7 Reject with Authentication Data 8 Re-initiate Registration (steps 1 5) 9 Store Name 10 Retrieve Subscriber Profile and Filter Criteria 11 Register with AS(s) based on Filter Criteria 12 AS(s) retrieve Subscriber profile (if needed) 13 SUBSCRIBE, for de-registration 14 UE SUBSCRIBE, for de-registration 14 8 Backbon e Packet HSS 4 Cx 12 Sh 9 10 Cx 6 ISC AS ASAS AS 11 1 Access 3 I-CSCF 5 7 Visited or Home 2 DNS ENUM 13 Home IMS Subscriber to IMS Subscriber Page Initiate Invitation Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 3 Apply Service Logic 4 Retrieve Address of CLD Party Home and Forward INVITE. 5 Identify Registrar of CLD Party and Forward INVITE. 6 Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 7 Apply Service Logic 8 Forward INVITE to CLD Party 9 SDP Negotiation / Resource Reservation Control 10 Ringing / Alerting 11 Answer / Connect Control Calling Party Home HSS DNS HSS Called Party Home Bearer AS 2 Diameter 3 4 Diameter I-CSCF 5 6 Diameter 7 AS 8 Calling Party Visited Called Party Visited Access Backbone Packet RTP Stream Backbone Packet Access 9

21 Page 41 Integrated Services Scenario Multiple Multiple services services provided provided including including Centrex, Centrex, presence, presence, advanced advanced caller caller ID, ID, Teen Teen line line restrictions restrictions Web Portal Media Media server server includes includes to to provide provide voice voice activated activated calling calling User User only only subscribes subscribes to to basic basic services services so so invokes invokes applications applications serially serially to to provide provide originating originating services. services. Parlay Voice Presence Recognition Web Teen Adv Caller ID Services Line Centrex User User subscribes subscribes to to advanced advanced services. services. Service Service broker broker is is used used to to invoke invoke terminating terminating services services on on applications applications both both serially serially and and in in parallel parallel to to coordinate coordinate interactions. interactions. Parlay Gateway (OSA SCS) Retrieves Retrieves user user subscription subscription & & policies policies ifif not not already already cached cached Service Broker (SCIM) Retrieves Retrieves user user subscription subscription & & policies policies ifif not not already already cached cached Call Call routed routed to to terminating terminating user. user Session Session control control requests requests location location of of session session control control server supporting terminating server supporting terminating user and routes to it. user and routes to it. MRFC Service Service authorization authorization and and routing routing to to session session control control allocated at registration allocated at registration Media Server I-CSCF HSS HSS PDF Initiate Initiate bearer bearer QoS QoS request request and and route route call call to to end end point. point. IP Signalling Converter Managed Core Convert Convert signaling signaling to to H.323 H.323 Session Border Controller SBC SBC provides provides initial initial security, security, authorization, authorization, & & network network hiding. hiding. Call Call signaling signaling routed routed through through network network to to configured configured Access Based Based on on authenticated authenticated QoS QoS request request open open QoS QoS enabled enabled bearer bearer 11- User User initiates initiates call call via via any any supported supported access access network network Accept Accept call call and and request request bearer bearer establishment establishment Endpoint H.323 Endpoint Page 42 IMS Subscriber Origination to PSTN Address 1 Initiate Invitation 7 ISUP IAM 2 Retrieve Subscriber Profile (if needed) 8 Ringing / Alerting 3 Apply Service Logic 9 Answer / Connect 4 Select network to access PSTN, and select 5 Seize trunk / determine media capabilities of MGW Control 6 SDP Negotiation / Resource Reservation Control Bearer Calling Party Home Calling Party Visited or Home HSS AS 3 2 Diameter 1 Access BGCF 7 5 Backbone Packet RTP Stream H.248 MGW PSTN ISUP PCM

22 PSTN to IMS UE (initial contact is ) Page 43 1 Incoming Call (ISUP IAM) 2 Seize Trunk and IP Port 3 Initiate Invitation 4 Determine where the Subscriber is Registered 5 Forward INVITE to 6 Retrieve Subscriber Profile (optional) 7 Service Logic (if needed) 8 Forward INVITE to Called Party UE 9 SDP Negotiation / Resource Reservation Control 10 Alerting / Ringing 11 Connect / Answer Called Party Home Called Party Visited or Home 9 Access 7 AS 6 HSS Diameter I-CSCF ISUP PSTN 2 H.248 PCM Backbone Packet RTP Stream MGW

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