Computer Systems & Architecture

Transcription

1 Computer Systems & Architecture Ian Batten Dr Iain Styles

2 Timetable Lectures 9.00am 10.00am Tuesday Chem Law LT1 Eng pm 3.00pm Friday Chem Muirhead Eng G Exercise Class Tuesday 2 3pm Muirhead Mech Eng G15 G29 No exercise class this week or next week(team project) Office Hours (CS-109): 132 Tuesday If I m in my 3.00 office! 4.00pm Friday am 4.00pm to 12noon

3 Assessment 80% Exam 1.5 hours in May/August 20% Continuous Assessment 2 x 5% assignments Issue 26 Jan, submit 6 Feb Issue 9 March, submit 20 March 10 x 1% weekly Canvas quizzes Deadline 9am on Tuesdays First one is now live for submission next week 3 (easy) question will get harder

4 Books [HH89] P. Horowitz and W. Hill. The Art of Electronics. Cambridge university press, [HP11] J.L. Hennessy and D.A. Patterson. Computer Architecture: a Quantitative Approach. Morgan Kaufmann, [MC79] C. Mead and L. Conway. Introduction to VLSI Systems. Addison-Wesley, Phillipines, [PH09] D.A. Patterson and J.L. Hennessy. Computer Organization and Design: the Hardware/Software Interface. Morgan Kaufmann, [Sta13] W. Stallings. Computer Organization and Architecture. Pearson Education Ltd, Harlow, England, ninth edition, [TA13] A.S. Tanenbaum and T. Austin. Structured Computer Organization. Pearson Education Ltd, Harlow, England, sixth edition, 2013.

5 Learning Outcomes Explain the fundamental principles upon which the operation of modern computers is based. Describe and explain the structure and organization of computer systems, including the role and operation of each of the component modules. Explain the fundamental concepts and issues involved in the control of peripherals, including interrupt-handling. Explain the fundamental concepts and issues involved in computer networking, including the need for protocols, addressing and routing. Describe and explain the interaction between software and hardware, demonstrating how programs are executed.

6 What is Computer Architecture? A hierachy of levels at which computers are organised and designed 1)High level language * 2)Operating System * 3)Instruction Set Architecture 4)General organising principles 5)Microarchitecture 6)Digital Logic 7)Semiconductor electronics

7 What will we be doing? Organisational principles of stored-program computers Hardware-software interface Instruction sets and assembly language Peripherals Low-level design principles Implementing an instruction set Improving performance The physical hardware Logic and transistors Networks Organising principles

8 And now some history...

9 The Antikythera

10 Charles Babbage

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12 John von Neumann

13 Birmingham's KDF-9

14 The KDF-9 Disk Drive

15 Birmingham's PDP-8

16 The Integrated Circuit Jack Kilby

17 VLSI Carver Mead

18 Zilog Z80 Released in transistors 4um feature size 4.25mm edges 8-bit machine Found in many home computers of the 1980s

19 Z80 Architecture

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21 Commodore 64 and BBC Micro Based on Mostech 6502 Booted to a BASIC interpreter Games loaded from tape

22 The IBM PC Released in 1981 at a list price of $1,565 Intel 8088 CPU Up to 256kB memory IBM Compatibility was the industry standard, but IBM messed up Intel and Microsoft were the real winners

23 The Transputer Designed in Bristol at Inmos Integrated communication and memory management Explicitly designed for parallelism Early system on chip needing little glue Still used in satellites and in settop box and GPS systems Ultimately killed by Moore's law, but the ideas remain influential

24 AMD Athlon FX (2004)

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26 Running Examples Two examples used throughout MIPS R4000 Series Simple design, classic architecture, very welldocumented

27 MIPS R4000 Used in graphics workstations in the 1990s and the Sony Playstation

28 Running Examples Two examples used throughout MIPS R4000 Series Simple design, classic RISC architecture, very well-documented Intel Core At the heart of most modern desktop & laptops, definitive example of a CISC machine, massive use of performance-enhancing techniques

29 Intel i7 (2012)