Digital Revolution James Curry

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1 Digital Revolution James Curry

2 Before "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." -- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943.

3 Microprocessor In 1971, researchers at Intel were able to shrink the size of transistors, and place many on a single silicon chip. This was named the microprocessor. Within just a few years, thousands of transistors could be placed on a single chip.

4 Microprocessor The microprocessor replaced the old, unreliable, and huge vacuum tubes that computers had used in the past. New computers could have drastically improved speeds and memory at a much smaller size.

That changed in 1971 when Texas Instruments released the first

5 Pocket Calculator Before, home calculators were mechanical, bulky, expensive, hand-made devices that could only very few could afford. That changed in 1971 when Texas Instruments released the first electronic pocket calculators. It weighed 2.5 pounds and cost $150.

6 Altair 8800 In 1975, Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems released the Altair 8800, the first personal computer. You had to connect it to a terminal, and it required flipping many switches in a precise order just to turn it on correctly.

7 Altair 8800 The Altair 8800 was essentially just a small mainframe. It sparked many more "microcomputers" in following years.

8 Apple II In 1977, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs incorporated Apple Computer. They began selling the Apple II, the world's first commercially successful personal computer. It was far easier to use than previous computers.

10 IBM Personal Computer International Business Machines (IBM), was one of the world's largest companies and dominated the business computer market. On August 12, 1981, they expanded into the personal computer market and released the IBM Personal Computer.

11 IBM Personal Computer IBM wanted to bridge the gap between hardware and software, so they hired a brand new company called "Microsoft" to build an operating system. The IBM PC became the first computer with MS-DOS installed, and Microsoft grew rapidly with the vision of "a computer on every desktop and in every home."

Commodore 64 Released in August, 1982, the Commodore 64 was one of the most popular computers of the 1980s. At its peak, the Commodore 64 held 40% of the "microcomputer" market.

12 Commodore 64 Released in August, 1982, the Commodore 64 was one of the most popular computers of the 1980s. At its peak, the Commodore 64 held 40% of the "microcomputer" market. It was one of the first computers that brought such technology to middle-class homes. The reason for the Commodore 64's popularity was its price (under half the price of the Apple II), the "amazing sound quality", and its selection of thousands of games.

The Macintosh On January 12, 1984, Apple Computer released Macintosh, a computer that was designed to break people free of IBM's control on the computer market.

14 The Macintosh On January 12, 1984, Apple Computer released Macintosh, a computer that was designed to break people free of IBM's control on the computer market. It was the first computer that brought a graphical user interface to consumers for a relatively affordable price. It cost $2,495. It was also the first computer that used the concept of "folders" on a "desktop."

15 The Macintosh The Macintosh was one of the earliest computers that used a mouse, an idea that Steve Jobs had stolen from a Xerox copier. The Macintosh's all-in-one design and simple setup made it a very popular computer.

17 The Internet The US Department of Defense had been constructing a network of military computers since the 1950s, called the ARPANET. In the 60s and 70s, the network grew to include many government agencies and universities. On January 1, 1983, ARPANET switched it's protocol to Internet Protocol. This is still the technology every device connected to the internet uses.

18 Lasting Impact The digital revolution of the 70s and 80s had a huge impact on many different aspects of life for years after. The microprocessor became a building block of almost all technology, and expanded the abilities of what technology could do while making it smaller, cheaper, and more powerful than ever before. The Altair 8800 was one of the first personal computers, creating a brand new market of home computers. The Macintosh brought a graphical user interface and a mouse to the personal computer. The Internet grew to connect the world, and set the stage for the development of the World Wide Web in the

19 Bibliography CUMO, CHRISTOPHER. "Science and Technology, " American Decades Primary Sources. Ed. Cynthia Rose. Vol. 8: Detroit: Gale, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 May CUMO, CHRISTOPHER. "Science and Technology, " American Decades Primary Sources. Ed. Cynthia Rose. Vol. 9: Detroit: Gale, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 May "Personal Computers." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 20 May Overland, Brian. "Computers and Computer Industry." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 23 May "Microelectronics and the Personal Computer." American Decades Primary Sources. Ed. Cynthia Rose. Vol. 8: Detroit: Gale, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 23 May Peterson, Geoff. "Apple Computer." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Ed. Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast. Vol. 1. Detroit: St. James Press, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 24 May "Weaving the Web." American Decades Primary Sources. Ed. Cynthia Rose. Vol. 10: Detroit: Gale, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 24 May Altair 8800 and Santa. Digital image. Computer Closet. N.p., n.d. Web. < Altair Digital image. The Obsolete Technology Website. OldComputers.net, n.d. Web. < Altair 8800 Complete System. Digital image. Classic Computing. ClassicCMP Subscribers, n.d. Web. Digital Calculator. Digital image. Texas Instruments. Texas Instruments Inc., n.d. Web. < Industrial Calculator. Digital image. Lady Jane's Treasure Trove. Blogspot, n.d. Web. < IBM Personal Computer. Digital image. Extreme Tech. Ziff Davis, n.d. Web. < DOS. Digital image. Extreme Tech. Ziff Davis, n.d. Web. <

20 Bibliography Continued Young Bill Gates. Digital image. The Richest. TheRichest.org, n.d. Web. < Vacuum Tubes. Digital image. Computing History. Columbia University, n.d. Web. < Intel Digital image. Regmedia. Regmedia.co.uk, n.d. Web. < Tom Watson Sr. Digital image. Turner.com. Turner Broadcasting Inc, n.d. Web. < Commodore 64. Digital image. Old Technology Website. OldComputers.net, n.d. Web. < Apple II. Digital image. Youngblah. Youngblah, n.d. Web. < Young Jobs. Digital image. Whole Earth Blog. Wordpress.com, n.d. Web. < Mac Mouse. Digital image. NAG Online. NAG, n.d. Web. < Early GUI. Digital image. TheOligarch.com. William Hooper, n.d. Web. < ARPA Network. Digital image. Computer History Museum. Computer History Museum, n.d. Web. <

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS. In the early years, before the computer was invented, there are several inventions of counting machines.

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS. In the early years, before the computer was invented, there are several inventions of counting machines. EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS In the early years, before the computer was invented, there are several inventions of counting machines. 200 BC 500 BC CHINESE ABACUS EGYPTIAN ABACUS 1620 JOHN NAPIER NAPIER'S BONES