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1 Objectives Students should be able to: The AVR microcontroller and embedded systems using assembly and c Introduction to AVR Chapter 1 Compare and contrast microprocessors and microcontrollers Describe the advantages of using microcontrollers in some applications Explain the concept of embedded systems Discuss the criteria for considering a microcontroller Explain the variations of speed, packaging, memory, and cost per unit and how these affects choosing a microcontroller Compare and contrast the various members of the AVR family Compare the AVR with microcontrollers offered by other manufacturers Topics Microcontrollers vs. Microprocessors Most Common Microcontrollers AVR History AVR Features AVR members What is a General Purpose Microprocessors? It is an integrated circuit on a chip, which functions as a computer s Central Processing Unit (CPU). 1

2 External Memory & Peripherals Required General Purpose Micro processor Data BUS Address BUS Control BUS RAM ROM Timer Serial COM Port IO Port Microcontrollers is an actual computer on a chip. CPU RAM ROM Serial Port Timer I/O Embedded Systems Why do we need microcontrollers? In many applications other considerations are more critical than computing power, such as: An embedded system is one which is controlled by its own internal microprocessor (or microcontroller) as opposed to an external controller. Spaced used Power consumed Price per unit Typically in an embedded system the microcontroller ROM is burned with a purpose for specific functions needed for the system. A printer is an embedded system because the processor inside it perform one task only; namely getting the data and printing it. 2

3 Criteria for Choosing a Microcontroller Meeting Computing Needs Things to consider when choosing a microcontroller.: 1. The controller meets the computing needs efficiently and cost effective. 2. The availability of software and hardware development tools. Speed Packaging Power Consumption Amount of RAM Amount of ROM Number of I/O pins Ease of Upgrade Cost per unit 3. There are available and reliable sources to obtain the controller. Availability and Reliability in Sourcing Most Common Microcontrollers Ensure the devices can be easily source and acquired, in the quantities you require, both now and in the future. Company Other suppliers Source: 3

4 The AVR Microcontroller AVR History The basic architecture of the AVR was designed by Alf- Egil Bogen and Vegard Wollan. This was bought and developed by Atmel in Atmel produce both 32-bit and 8-bit AVR controllers. For our purpose: The AVR microcontroller is an 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller with Harvard architecture that comes with some standard features such as: program (code) ROM, data RAM, data EEPROM, timers and I/O ports. Source: AVR internal architecture AVR internal architecture RAM EEPROM Timers PROGRAM ROM Program Bus CPU Bus OSC Interrupt Unit Ports Other Peripherals I/O PINS 4

5 AVR different groups AVR different groups Classic AVR Mega Tiny Special Purpose AVR AVR different groups Some AVR Microcontrollers 5

6 Let s get familiar with the AVR part numbers Some AVR Programmers ATmega128 Atmel group Flash =128K AVR STK500 ATtiny44 AT90S4433 Atmel Tiny group Flash =4K Atmel Classic group Flash =4K AVR Dragon AVR Documentation Review Questions Datasheet 1. Name three features of the AVR. 2. Name the different groups of the AVR chips. Instruction Set User Guides 3. Give the size of RAM in each of the following: a) ATmega32 b) ATtiny25 See Course Site 4. Give the size of the on-chip program ROM in each of the following: a) ATtiny84 b) ATmega32 c) ATtiny25 6

7 References Mazidi, Muhammad Ali, Sarmad Naimi, and Sepehr Naimi. AVR microcontroller and embedded systems: using assembly and C. Prentice Hall Press, b2.jpg?sfvrsn=0 Microcontroller.jpg 7

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