Introduction to Microprocessor

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Introduction to Microprocessor"

Transcription

1 Introduction to Microprocessor Slide 1

2 Microprocessor A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register-based electronic device That reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory accepts binary data as input and processes data according to instructions, and provides result as output. Slide 2

3 Microprocessor A microprocessor consists of multiple internal function units. A basic design has an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a control unit, a memory interface, an interrupt or exception controller, and an internal cache. Slide 3

4 Microprocessor Microprocessor is the controlling unit or CPU of a micro-computer, fabricated on a very small chip capable of performing ALU operations and communicating with the external devices connected to it. It acts as the brain of the computer system. Slide 4

5 Microprocessor Data Cache RAM I/O Memory Bus System Bus Bus Interface Unit Control Unit Instruction Decoder Instruction Cache Arithmetic & Logic Unit Registers Floating Point Unit Registers Slide 5

6 Microcomputer A digital computer, in which one microprocessor has been provided to act as a CPU, is called Microcomputer. contain one or more microprocessor to act as CPU A microcomputer contains CPU: processes information stored in the memory» Microprocessor Memory: stores both instructions and data ROM, RAM Slide 6

7 Microcomputer Input/Output ports: provide a means of communicating with the CPU Connecting I/O devices, e.g., keyboard, monitor, tape, disk, printer and etc. BUS: interconnecting all parts together Address bus Data bus Control bus Slide 7

8 Slide 8

9 Evolution of Microprocessors 1 ST GENERATION 2 ND GENERATION 3 RD GENERATION 4 TH GENERATION 5 TH GENERATION BY GENERATION Slide 9

10 1 ST GENERATION ( ) Designed with PMOS technology This technology provided Low cost Slow speed Low output current Was not compatible with TTL Generally 4 bit processors processed their instructions serially they fetched the instruction, decoded it, then executed it. When an instruction was completed, the microprocessor updated the instruction pointer and fetched the next instruction, performing this sequential drill for each instruction in turn. Example Intel 4004, Intel 4040, Intel 8008 Slide 10

11 2 nd GENERATION ( ) Designed with NMOS technology This technology provided Faster speed High density than PMOS TTL compatible Generally 8 bit processors Overlapped fetch, decode, and execute steps the first instruction is processed in the execution unit, the second instruction is decoded and the third instruction is fetched. Examples are Motorola 6800/6809, Intel 8085/8080 Slide 11

12 3 rd GENERATION ( ) Designed with HMOS technology Speed-power-product of HMOS is four times better than that of NMOS HMOS can accommodate twice the circuit density compared to NMOS incorporated an on-chip cache for the first time The depth of the pipeline increased to five or more stages. Generally 16 bit processors All major workstation manufacturers began developing their own RISC-based microprocessor architectures. Examples are Motorola 68000/68010 Intel 8086/80186/80286 Slide 12

13 4 th GENERATION ( ) Designed with HCMOS technology Commercial microprocessors to in-house design. Designs surpassing a million transistors. Generally 32 bit processors Examples are Motorola s MC 68020/68030 Intel 80386/80486/80586 Slide 13

14 5 th GENERATION (1995-Till) emphasis is on introducing chips that carry on-chip functionalities improvements in the speed of memory and I/O devices along with introduction of 64 bit microprocessors. processors working with up to 3.5GHz speed. Examples are Pentium Pro, Pentium II core i7 Slide 14

15 Evolution of Microprocessors Based on word size 4-Bit Microprocessors 8-Bit Microprocessors 16-Bit Microprocessors 32-Bit Microprocessors 64-Bit Microprocessors Slide 15

16 4-BIT MICROPROCESSORS TMS 1000 INTEL 4004 Slide 16

17 INTEL 4004 Introduced in It was the first microprocessor by Intel. Its data bus is 4-bit and address bus is 10-bit. It has 16 pins. PMOS Technology. Its clock speed was 740KHz. It had 2,300 transistors. It could execute around 60,000 instructions per second. 45 instructions 4KB main memory First programmable device which was used in calculators, was not designed as a general purpose computer. CMOS VLSI Design Slide 17

18 8-BIT MICROPROCESSORS INTEL 8008 INTEL 8080 INTEL 8085 Motorolla 6800/6809 Slide 18

19 INTEL 8008 Introduced in It was first 8-bit µp. It was 8-bit version of 4004 Its data bus is 8-bit and address bus is 14-bit. It has 18 pins. Its clock speed was 500 KHz. Could execute 50,000 instructions per second It had 3500 transistors 16KB main memory. 48 instructions PMOS Technology slow Slide 19

20 INTEL 8080 Introduced in It was also 8-bit µp. Its clock speed was 2 MHz. It had 6,000 transistors. Was 10 times faster than Its data bus is 8-bit and address bus is 16-bit. It has 40 pins. Could execute 5,00,000 instructions per second. 64 KB main memory. NMOS Technology Drawback was that it needed three power supplies. Small computers (microcomputers) were designed in using 8080 as CPU. Slide 20

21 INTEL 8085 Introduced in It was also 8-bit µp upgraded version of 8080 Its clock speed was 3-6 MHz. Its data bus is 8-bit and address bus is 16-bit. It has 40 pins. It had 6,500 transistors. Could execute 7,69,230 instructions per second. It could access 64 KB of memory. It had 246 instructions. 64 KB main memory. Use only one +5V power supply. Slide 21

22 16-BIT MICROPROCESSORS INTEL 8086 INTEL 8088 INTEL INTEL Motorola 68000/68010 Slide 22

23 INTEL 8086 Introduced in It was first 16-bit µp. Its clock speed is 5-10 MHz Its data bus is 16-bit and address bus is 20-bit. It has 40 pins. It had 29K transistors. Could execute 2.5 million instructions per second. 1 MB main memory. It had 22,000 instructions. It had Multiply and Divide instructions. Slide 23

24 INTEL 8088 Introduced in It was also 16-bit µp. Its clock speed is 5-10 MHz It had 29K transistors. Its data bus is 16-bit and address bus is 20-bit. It has 40 pins. Could execute 2.5 million instructions per second. 1 MB main memory. Slide 24

25 INTEL Introduced in They were 16-bit µps. Clock speed was 5-16 MHz. Its data bus is 8-bit and address bus is 20-bit. It has 68 pins. It had 29K transistors. 1 MB main memory. Never used in the PC. They had additional components like: Interrupt Controller Clock Generator Local Bus Controller Counters Slide 25

26 INTEL Introduced in It was 16-bit µp. Its clock speed was MHz. Its data bus is 16-bit and address bus is 24-bit. 16 MB real and 4GB virtual memory. It has 68 pins. It had 134K transistors. It could execute 4 million instructions per second. Slide 26

27 32-BIT MICROPROCESSORS INTEL INTEL INTEL PENTIUM INTEL PENTIUM PRO INTEL PENTIUM II INTEL PENTIUM III INTEL PENTIUM IV Motorola s MC 68020/68030 Slide 27

28 INTEL Introduced in It was first 32-bit µp. Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 24/32-bit. 4 GB main memory. 4 GB real and 64 TB virtual memory. It has 132 pins. It had 275K transistors. Its clock speed is MHz Different versions are DX SX SL CMOS VLSI Design Slide 28

29 INTEL Introduced in It was also 32-bit µp. It had 3200K transistors. Its clock speed is MHz Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 32-bit. 4 GB real and 64 TB virtual memory. It has 168 pins. Integrated numeric coprocessor 8 KB of cache memory was introduced It had five different versions: DX SX DX SL DX4 Slide 29

30 INTEL PENTIUM Introduced in It was also 32-bit µp. It was originally named Its clock speed was MHz. Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 32-bit. It had 3200K transistors. It has 4 GB real memory. It has 264 pins. Could execute 110 million instructions per second. 16KB L1 Cache memory: 8 KB for instructions and 8 KB for data. Slide 30

31 INTEL PENTIUM PRO Introduced in It was also 32-bit µp. It had L2 cache of 256 KB. It had 5500K transistors. Its clock speed was MHz. It has 387 pins. Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 36-bit. It has 64 GB main memory. 16KB L1 Cache memory(8 KB for instructions. 8 KB for data) and L2 cache of 256 KB. Intel launched this processor for the server market. Slide 31

32 INTEL PENTIUM II Introduced in It was also 32-bit µp. Its clock speed was 233 MHz to 500 MHz. It had 7500K transistors. It has 387 pins. Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 36-bit. 64 GB main memory. Could execute 333 million instructions per second. 512KB L2 cache & processor were on one circuit. Designed specially to process video, audio and graphics efficiently. Slide 32

33 INTEL PENTIUM III Introduced in It was also 32-bit µp. Its clock speed varied from 600 MHz to 1.4 GHz. Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 36-bit. 64 GB main memory. It had 9500K transistors. It has 387 pins. Dual independent Bus(simultaneous L2 and system memory access) Designed significantly enhance internet experiences. Slide 33

34 INTEL PENTIUM IV Introduced in It was also 32-bit µp. Its clock speed was from 1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz. Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 36-bit. 64 GB main memory. 1MB/512KB/256KB L2 cache. It had 42 million transistors. It has 387 pins. Specialized for streaming video, game and DVD applications. Slide 34

35 64-BIT MICROPROCESSORS INTEL DUAL CORE INTEL CORE 2 INTEL CORE I7 INTEL CORE I5 INTEL CORE I3 Slide 35

36 INTEL DUAL CORE Introduced in It is 64-bit µp. It had 1,72 billion transistors. Its clock speed was 2.93GHz Its data bus is 64-bit and address bus is 40-bit. It has two cores. Both the cores have there own internal bus and L1 cache, but share the external bus and L2 cache Slide 36

37 INTEL CORE 2 Introduced in It is a 64-bit µp. Its clock speed is 3.16 GHz. It has 775 pins. It has 410 million transistors. Its data bus is 64-bit and address bus is 40-bit. It has 64 KB of L1 cache per core and 4 MB of L2 cache. It has single, double or quad cores. It is launched in three different versions: Intel Core 2 Duo Intel Core 2 Quad Intel Core 2 Extreme Slide 37

38 INTEL CORE I7 Introduced in It is a 64-bit µp. It has 4 physical cores. Its clock speed is from 2.66 GHz to 3.33 GHz. It has 781 million transistors. It has 64 KB of L1 cache per core, 256 KB of L2 cache and 8 MB of L3 cache. Slide 38

39 INTEL CORE I5 Introduced in It is a 64-bit µp. It has double or quad cores. Its clock speed is from 2.40 GHz to 3.60 GHz. It has 781 million transistors. It has 64 KB of L1 cache per core, 256 KB of L2 cache and 8 MB of L3 cache. Slide 39

40 INTEL CORE I3 Introduced in It is a 64-bit µp. It has 2 physical cores. Its clock speed is from 2.93 GHz to 3.33 GHz. It has 781 million transistors. It has 64 KB of L1 cache per core, 512 KB of L2 cache and 4 MB of L3 cache. Slide 40

41 summury Slide 41

SYSTEM BUS AND MOCROPROCESSORS HISTORY

SYSTEM BUS AND MOCROPROCESSORS HISTORY SYSTEM BUS AND MOCROPROCESSORS HISTORY Dr. M. Hebaishy momara@su.edu.sa http://colleges.su.edu.sa/dawadmi/fos/pages/hebaishy.aspx Digital Logic Design Ch1-1 SYSTEM BUS The CPU sends various data values,

More information

Segment 1A. Introduction to Microcomputer and Microprocessor

Segment 1A. Introduction to Microcomputer and Microprocessor Segment 1A Introduction to Microcomputer and Microprocessor 1.1 General Architecture of a Microcomputer System: The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal computer, or a computer that

More information

HISTORY OF MICROPROCESSORS

HISTORY OF MICROPROCESSORS HISTORY OF MICROPROCESSORS CONTENTS Introduction 4-Bit Microprocessors 8-Bit Microprocessors 16-Bit Microprocessors 1 32-Bit Microprocessors 64-Bit Microprocessors 2 INTRODUCTION Fairchild Semiconductors

More information

Systems Design and Programming. Instructor: Chintan Patel

Systems Design and Programming. Instructor: Chintan Patel Systems Design and Programming Instructor: Chintan Patel Text: Barry B. Brey, 'The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium and Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium

More information

UMBC. Rubini and Corbet, Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition, O Reilly. Systems Design and Programming

UMBC. Rubini and Corbet, Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition, O Reilly. Systems Design and Programming Systems Design and Programming Instructor: Professor Jim Plusquellic Text: Barry B. Brey, The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium and Pentium Pro Processor Architecture,

More information

Program controlled semiconductor device (IC) which fetches (from memory), decodes and executes instructions.

Program controlled semiconductor device (IC) which fetches (from memory), decodes and executes instructions. 8086 Microprocessor Microprocessor Program controlled semiconductor device (IC) which fetches (from memory), decodes and executes instructions. It is used as CPU (Central Processing Unit) in computers.

More information

An Overview of Microprocessor The first question comes in a mind "What is a microprocessor?. Let us start with a more familiar term computer. A digital computer is an electronic machine capable of quickly

More information

Microprocessors I MICROCOMPUTERS AND MICROPROCESSORS

Microprocessors I MICROCOMPUTERS AND MICROPROCESSORS Microprocessors I Outline of the Lecture Microcomputers and Microprocessors Evolution of Intel 80x86 Family Microprocessors Binary and Hexadecimal Number Systems MICROCOMPUTERS AND MICROPROCESSORS There

More information

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer 1 1 A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer 1 1 A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Chapter 1: Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer 1 1 A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Microprocessor Called the CPU (central processing unit). The controlling element in a computer system. Controls

More information

Computers Are Your Future

Computers Are Your Future Computers Are Your Future 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 6 Inside the System Unit 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 2 What You Will Learn... Understand how computers represent

More information

Introduction to Microcontrollers

Introduction to Microcontrollers Introduction to Microcontrollers Embedded Controller Simply an embedded controller is a controller that is embedded in a greater system. One can define an embedded controller as a controller (or computer)

More information

INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSORS

INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSORS INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSORS Richa Upadhyay Prabhu NMIMS s MPSTME richa.upadhyay@nmims.edu January 7, 2016 Richa Upadhyay Prabhu (MPSTME) INTRODUCTION January 7, 2016 1 / 63 Course Design Prerequisite:

More information

MA Unit 4. Question Option A Option B Option C Option D

MA Unit 4. Question Option A Option B Option C Option D Matoshri College of Engineering & Research Centre Nashik Department of Computer Engineering Class :- Second Year Computer Engineering Sem - 1 Subject :- MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE UNIT-IV 1 Accumulator

More information

2011 Francisco Delgadillo

2011 Francisco Delgadillo 1800 s: Analytical Engine Charles Babbage Dawn of Human Concept of Numbers Abacus 1642: Pascal s Machine 1880: Mechanical Tabulator Herman Hollerith 1674: Leibniz Calculating Machine 1911: Hollerith s

More information

Calendar Description

Calendar Description ECE212 B1: Introduction to Microprocessors Lecture 1 Calendar Description Microcomputer architecture, assembly language programming, memory and input/output system, interrupts All the instructions are

More information

INTEL Architectures GOPALAKRISHNAN IYER FALL 2009 ELEC : Computer Architecture and Design

INTEL Architectures GOPALAKRISHNAN IYER FALL 2009 ELEC : Computer Architecture and Design INTEL Architectures GOPALAKRISHNAN IYER FALL 2009 GBI0001@AUBURN.EDU ELEC 6200-001: Computer Architecture and Design Silicon Technology Moore s law Moore's Law describes a long-term trend in the history

More information

CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit:

CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit: CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit: www.techo786.wordpress.com Q1: Define microprocessor? Short Questions Chapter No 01 Fundamental Concepts Microprocessor is a program-controlled and semiconductor

More information

Moodle WILLINGDON COLLEGE SANGLI (B. SC.-II) Digital Electronics

Moodle WILLINGDON COLLEGE SANGLI (B. SC.-II) Digital Electronics Moodle 4 WILLINGDON COLLEGE SANGLI (B. SC.-II) Digital Electronics Advanced Microprocessors and Introduction to Microcontroller Moodle developed By Dr. S. R. Kumbhar Department of Electronics Willingdon

More information

In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.

In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag. What is a Microprocessor? Microprocessor is a program-controlled device, which fetches the instructions from memory, decodes and executes the instructions. Most Micro Processor are single- chip devices.

More information

In this tutorial, we will discuss the architecture, pin diagram and other key concepts of microprocessors.

In this tutorial, we will discuss the architecture, pin diagram and other key concepts of microprocessors. About the Tutorial A microprocessor is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on a small chip capable of performing Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) operations and communicating with the other

More information

3.1 Description of Microprocessor. 3.2 History of Microprocessor

3.1 Description of Microprocessor. 3.2 History of Microprocessor 3.0 MAIN CONTENT 3.1 Description of Microprocessor The brain or engine of the PC is the processor (sometimes called microprocessor), or central processing unit (CPU). The CPU performs the system s calculating

More information

The x86 Microprocessors. Introduction. The 80x86 Microprocessors. 1.1 Assembly Language

The x86 Microprocessors. Introduction. The 80x86 Microprocessors. 1.1 Assembly Language The x86 Microprocessors Introduction 1.1 Assembly Language Numbering and Coding Systems Human beings use the decimal system (base 10) Decimal digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Computer systems use the

More information

MICROCONTROLLERS 8051

MICROCONTROLLERS 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS 8051 PART A Unit 1: Microprocessor and Microcontroller. Introduction, Microprocessor and Microcontrollers, A Microcontroller survey. RISC & CISC CPU Architectures, Harvard & Von Neumann

More information

Computers Are Your Future

Computers Are Your Future Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition Chapter 2: Inside the System Unit Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 Inside the Computer System Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,

More information

Computer Organization

Computer Organization Chapter 5 Computer Organization Figure 5-1 Computer hardware :: Review Figure 5-2 CPU :: Review CPU:: Review Registers are fast stand-alone storage locations that hold data temporarily Data Registers Instructional

More information

Computer Organization

Computer Organization INF 101 Fundamental Information Technology Computer Organization Assistant Prof. Dr. Turgay ĐBRĐKÇĐ Course slides are adapted from slides provided by Addison-Wesley Computing Fundamentals of Information

More information

CMPE 310: Systems Design and Programming

CMPE 310: Systems Design and Programming : Systems Design and Programming Instructor: Chintan Patel Text: Barry B. Brey, 'The Intel Microprocessors, 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium and Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium

More information

Fig 1. Block diagram of a microcomputer

Fig 1. Block diagram of a microcomputer Computer: A computer is a multipurpose programmable machine that reads binary instructions from its memory, accepts binary data as input,processes the data according to those instructions and provides

More information

Computer Architecture

Computer Architecture Computer Architecture A computer system has three main components: a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor, a Memory Unit and Input /Output Units (devices). In any microcomputer system, the component

More information

Electricity: Voltage. Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal.

Electricity: Voltage. Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal. Hardware CSCE 101 Electricity: Voltage Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal. The signals voltage will either be between

More information

Microprocessors/Microcontrollers

Microprocessors/Microcontrollers Microprocessors/Microcontrollers A central processing unit (CPU) fabricated on one or more chips, containing the basic arithmetic, logic, and control elements of a computer that are required for processing

More information

Lecture 2 Microcomputer Organization: Fig.1.1 Basic Components of Microcomputer

Lecture 2 Microcomputer Organization: Fig.1.1 Basic Components of Microcomputer Lecture 2 Microcomputer Organization: As discussed in previous lecture microprocessor is a central processing unit (CPU) with its related timing functions on a single chip. A microprocessor combined with

More information

1. Microprocessor Architectures. 1.1 Intel 1.2 Motorola

1. Microprocessor Architectures. 1.1 Intel 1.2 Motorola 1. Microprocessor Architectures 1.1 Intel 1.2 Motorola 1.1 Intel The Early Intel Microprocessors The first microprocessor to appear in the market was the Intel 4004, a 4-bit data bus device. This device

More information

Computers: Inside and Out

Computers: Inside and Out Computers: Inside and Out Computer Components To store binary information the most basic components of a computer must exist in two states State # 1 = 1 State # 2 = 0 1 Transistors Computers use transistors

More information

Homeschool Enrichment. The System Unit: Processing & Memory

Homeschool Enrichment. The System Unit: Processing & Memory Homeschool Enrichment The System Unit: Processing & Memory Overview This chapter covers: How computers represent data and programs How the CPU, memory, and other components are arranged inside the system

More information

Chapter 1: Basics of Microprocessor [08 M]

Chapter 1: Basics of Microprocessor [08 M] Microprocessor: Chapter 1: Basics of Microprocessor [08 M] It is a semiconductor device consisting of electronic logic circuits manufactured by using either a Large scale (LSI) or Very Large Scale (VLSI)

More information

Introduction To Computer Hardware. Hafijur Rahman

Introduction To Computer Hardware. Hafijur Rahman Introduction To Computer Hardware Lecture 2 Hafijur Rahman What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, which can input, process, and output data. input processing output A computer is a machine

More information

Microcomputer Architecture and Programming

Microcomputer Architecture and Programming IUST-EE (Chapter 1) Microcomputer Architecture and Programming 1 Outline Basic Blocks of Microcomputer Typical Microcomputer Architecture The Single-Chip Microprocessor Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

More information

Computer Architecture. Introduction. Lynn Choi Korea University

Computer Architecture. Introduction. Lynn Choi Korea University Computer Architecture Introduction Lynn Choi Korea University Class Information Lecturer Prof. Lynn Choi, School of Electrical Eng. Phone: 3290-3249, 공학관 411, lchoi@korea.ac.kr, TA: 윤창현 / 신동욱, 3290-3896,

More information

Management Information Systems OUTLINE OBJECTIVES. Information Systems: Computer Hardware. Dr. Shankar Sundaresan

Management Information Systems OUTLINE OBJECTIVES. Information Systems: Computer Hardware. Dr. Shankar Sundaresan Management Information Systems Information Systems: Computer Hardware Dr. Shankar Sundaresan (Adapted from Introduction to IS, Rainer and Turban) OUTLINE Introduction The Central Processing Unit Computer

More information

Processing Unit CS206T

Processing Unit CS206T Processing Unit CS206T Microprocessors The density of elements on processor chips continued to rise More and more elements were placed on each chip so that fewer and fewer chips were needed to construct

More information

MICROPROCESSOR MICROPROCESSOR. From the above description, we can draw the following block diagram to represent a microprocessor based system: Output

MICROPROCESSOR MICROPROCESSOR. From the above description, we can draw the following block diagram to represent a microprocessor based system: Output 8085 SATISH CHANDRA What is a Microprocessor? The word comes from the combination micro and processor. Processor means a device that processes whatever. In this context, processor means a device that processes

More information

New Advances in Micro-Processors and computer architectures

New Advances in Micro-Processors and computer architectures New Advances in Micro-Processors and computer architectures Prof. (Dr.) K.R. Chowdhary, Director SETG Email: kr.chowdhary@jietjodhpur.com Jodhpur Institute of Engineering and Technology, SETG August 27,

More information

Computers and Microprocessors. Lecture 34 PHYS3360/AEP3630

Computers and Microprocessors. Lecture 34 PHYS3360/AEP3630 Computers and Microprocessors Lecture 34 PHYS3360/AEP3630 1 Contents Computer architecture / experiment control Microprocessor organization Basic computer components Memory modes for x86 series of microprocessors

More information

Week 1. Introduction to Microcomputers and Microprocessors, Computer Codes, Programming, and Operating Systems

Week 1. Introduction to Microcomputers and Microprocessors, Computer Codes, Programming, and Operating Systems Week 1 Introduction to Microcomputers and Microprocessors, Computer Codes, Programming, and Operating Systems 2 Introduction to Microcomputers/ Stored Program C 3 Stored Program Concept There are three

More information

Chapter 2. Prepared By: Humeyra Saracoglu

Chapter 2. Prepared By: Humeyra Saracoglu Chapter 2 The Components of the System Unit Prepared By: Humeyra Saracoglu The System Unit What is the system unit? Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data Sometimes

More information

Lecture (02) x86 programming 1

Lecture (02) x86 programming 1 Lecture (02) x86 programming 1 By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee ١ TOC Historical Perspective Basic component of microprocessor based system Types of instruction set The Memory Map of a Personal Computers The 80x86

More information

System Unit Components Chapter2

System Unit Components Chapter2 System Unit Components Chapter2 ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB 2013 The System Unit What is the system unit? Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data Sometimes called the chassis

More information

8085 Microprocessor Architecture and Memory Interfacing. Microprocessor and Microcontroller Interfacing

8085 Microprocessor Architecture and Memory Interfacing. Microprocessor and Microcontroller Interfacing 8085 Microprocessor Architecture and Memory 1 Points to be Discussed 8085 Microprocessor 8085 Microprocessor (CPU) Block Diagram Control & Status Signals Interrupt Signals 8085 Microprocessor Signal Flow

More information

Intel released new technology call P6P

Intel released new technology call P6P P6 and IA-64 8086 released on 1978 Pentium release on 1993 8086 has upgrade by Pipeline, Super scalar, Clock frequency, Cache and so on But 8086 has limit, Hard to improve efficiency Intel released new

More information

Chapter 2 Logic Gates and Introduction to Computer Architecture

Chapter 2 Logic Gates and Introduction to Computer Architecture Chapter 2 Logic Gates and Introduction to Computer Architecture 2.1 Introduction The basic components of an Integrated Circuit (IC) is logic gates which made of transistors, in digital system there are

More information

Hardware and Software Architecture. Chapter 2

Hardware and Software Architecture. Chapter 2 Hardware and Software Architecture Chapter 2 1 Basic Components The x86 processor communicates with main memory and I/O devices via buses Data bus for transferring data Address bus for the address of a

More information

TUTORIAL Describe the circumstances that would prompt you to use a microprocessorbased design solution instead of a hard-wired IC logic design.

TUTORIAL Describe the circumstances that would prompt you to use a microprocessorbased design solution instead of a hard-wired IC logic design. TUTORIAL 1 1. Make a list of 10 products containing microprocessors that we use everyday. Personal computer Television Calculator Elevator Mobile phones MP3 players Microwave ovens DVD players Engine Control

More information

The Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit The Central Processing Unit All computers derive from the same basic design, usually referred to as the von Neumann architecture. This concept involves solving a problem by defining a sequence of commands

More information

Elementary Computing CSC M. Cheng, Computer Science 1

Elementary Computing CSC M. Cheng, Computer Science 1 Elementary Computing CSC 100 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 1 CPU and Memory Inside of a computer CPU and RAM Clock Speed & Multi-core Microprocessor How a CPU works Secondary Storage 2014-07-14

More information

Chapter Two. Hardware Basics: Inside the Box

Chapter Two. Hardware Basics: Inside the Box Chapter Two Hardware Basics: Inside the Box After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Explain general terms how computers store and manipulate information. Describe the basic structure of a computer

More information

Computer Systems Architecture

Computer Systems Architecture Computer Systems Architecture Guoping Qiu School of Computer Science The University of Nottingham http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~qiu 1 The World of Computers Computers are everywhere Cell phones Game consoles

More information

b. List different system buses of 8085 microprocessor and give function of each bus. (8) Answer:

b. List different system buses of 8085 microprocessor and give function of each bus. (8) Answer: Q.2 a. Discuss and differentiate between a Microprocessor and a Microcontroller. Microprocessor is an IC which has only the CPU inside them i.e. only the processing powers such as Intel s Pentium 1,2,3,4,

More information

7/28/ Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc.

7/28/ Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc. Technology in Action Technology in Action Chapter 9 Behind the Scenes: A Closer Look a System Hardware Chapter Topics Computer switches Binary number system Inside the CPU Cache memory Types of RAM Computer

More information

Memory Overview. Overview - Memory Types 2/17/16. Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University

Memory Overview. Overview - Memory Types 2/17/16. Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University Memory Overview Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University Overview - Memory Types n n n Magnetic tape (used primarily for long term archive) Magnetic disk n Hard disk (File, Directory, Folder) n Floppy disks

More information

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) LECTURE 2 : WEEK 2 CSC-111-T

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) LECTURE 2 : WEEK 2 CSC-111-T INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) LECTURE 2 : WEEK 2 CSC-111-T Credit : (2 + 1) / Week 2 TEXT AND REF. BOOKS Text Book: Peter Norton (2011), Introduction to Computers, 7 /e,

More information

Computer Systems. Binary Representation. Binary Representation. Logical Computation: Boolean Algebra

Computer Systems. Binary Representation. Binary Representation. Logical Computation: Boolean Algebra Binary Representation Computer Systems Information is represented as a sequence of binary digits: Bits What the actual bits represent depends on the context: Seminar 3 Numerical value (integer, floating

More information

Overview of Intel 80x86 µp

Overview of Intel 80x86 µp CE444 ١ ٢ 8088/808 µp and Supporting Chips Overview of Intel 80x8 µp ٢ ١ 8088/808 µp ٣ Both are mostly the same with small differences. Both are of bit internal Data bus Both have 0 bit address bus Capable

More information

Module 2. Embedded Processors and Memory. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1

Module 2. Embedded Processors and Memory. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1 Module 2 Embedded Processors and Memory Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1 Lesson 8 General Purpose Processors - I Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 2 In this lesson the student will learn the following Architecture

More information

Part 1 of 3 -Understand the hardware components of computer systems

Part 1 of 3 -Understand the hardware components of computer systems Part 1 of 3 -Understand the hardware components of computer systems The main circuit board, the motherboard provides the base to which a number of other hardware devices are connected. Devices that connect

More information

Real instruction set architectures. Part 2: a representative sample

Real instruction set architectures. Part 2: a representative sample Real instruction set architectures Part 2: a representative sample Some historical architectures VAX: Digital s line of midsize computers, dominant in academia in the 70s and 80s Characteristics: Variable-length

More information

EMBEDDED SYSTEM BASICS AND APPLICATION

EMBEDDED SYSTEM BASICS AND APPLICATION EMBEDDED SYSTEM BASICS AND APPLICATION Dr.Syed Ajmal IIT- Robotics TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED System Embedded System Components Classifications Processors Other Hardware Software Applications 2 INTRODUCTION

More information

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE MACHINE ORGANIZATION

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE MACHINE ORGANIZATION ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE MACHINE ORGANIZATION CHAPTER 3 1 Sub-topics The topic will cover: Microprocessor architecture CPU processing methods Pipelining Superscalar RISC Multiprocessing Instruction Cycle Instruction

More information

Intentionally Blank 0

Intentionally Blank 0 Intentionally Blank 0 Technology in Action Chapter 2 Looking at Computers: Understanding the Parts 1 Understanding Your Computer: Computers are Data Processing Devices Perform four major functions Input:

More information

SAE5C Computer Organization and Architecture. Unit : I - V

SAE5C Computer Organization and Architecture. Unit : I - V SAE5C Computer Organization and Architecture Unit : I - V UNIT-I Evolution of Pentium and Power PC Evolution of Computer Components functions Interconnection Bus Basics of PCI Memory:Characteristics,Hierarchy

More information

A Review of Chapter 5 and. CSc 2010 Spring 2012 Instructor: Qian Hu

A Review of Chapter 5 and. CSc 2010 Spring 2012 Instructor: Qian Hu A Review of Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 Chapter 5 Computer Systems Organization Von Neumann Architecture 4 Components Memory Input/output ALU Control Unit Two major features Stored program concept Sequential

More information

machine cycle, the CPU: (a) Fetches an instruction, (b) Decodes the instruction, (c) Executes the instruction, and (d) Stores the result.

machine cycle, the CPU: (a) Fetches an instruction, (b) Decodes the instruction, (c) Executes the instruction, and (d) Stores the result. Central Processing Unit (CPU) A processor is also called the CPU, and it works hand in hand with other circuits known as main memory to carry out processing. The CPU is the "brain" of the computer; it

More information

CS 16: Assembly Language Programming for the IBM PC and Compatibles

CS 16: Assembly Language Programming for the IBM PC and Compatibles CS 16: Assembly Language Programming for the IBM PC and Compatibles Discuss the general concepts Look at IA-32 processor architecture and memory management Dive into 64-bit processors Explore the components

More information

Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware

Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware CS10001 Computer Literacy Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware 1 Topics Discussed Digital Data and Switches Manual Electrical Digital Data Representation

More information

PREPARED BY S.RAVINDRAKUMAR, SENIOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/ECE,CHETTINAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Page 1

PREPARED BY S.RAVINDRAKUMAR, SENIOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/ECE,CHETTINAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Page 1 TECHNOLOGY Page 1 Intel x86 Microcomputer CPU Characteristics 8086 16 bit Expansion Bus 16 bit External Bus 8 bit Internal Bus 20 bit Memory Address 2 20 = 1,048,576 = 1024 Kb Physical Memory Real Address

More information

Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware 4

Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware 4 Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware CS10001 Computer Literacy Topics Discussed Digital Data and Switches Manual Electrical Digital Data Representation Decimal to Binary (Numbers) Characters and

More information

Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7 th Edition. Chapter 2: x86 Processor Architecture

Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7 th Edition. Chapter 2: x86 Processor Architecture Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7 th Edition Kip Irvine Chapter 2: x86 Processor Architecture Slides prepared by the author Revision date: 1/15/2014 (c) Pearson Education, 2015. All rights reserved.

More information

Knowledge Organiser. Computing. Year 10 Term 1 Hardware

Knowledge Organiser. Computing. Year 10 Term 1 Hardware Organiser Computing Year 10 Term 1 Hardware Enquiry Question How does a computer do everything it does? Big questions that will help you answer this enquiry question: 1. What is the purpose of the CPU?

More information

CS 101, Mock Computer Architecture

CS 101, Mock Computer Architecture CS 101, Mock Computer Architecture Computer organization and architecture refers to the actual hardware used to construct the computer, and the way that the hardware operates both physically and logically

More information

EE 3170 Microcontroller Applications

EE 3170 Microcontroller Applications EE 3170 Microcontroller Applications Lecture 4 : Processors, Computers, and Controllers - 1.2 (reading assignment), 1.3-1.5 Based on slides for ECE3170 by Profs. Kieckhafer, Davis, Tan, and Cischke Outline

More information

Show how to connect three Full Adders to implement a 3-bit ripple-carry adder

Show how to connect three Full Adders to implement a 3-bit ripple-carry adder Show how to connect three Full Adders to implement a 3-bit ripple-carry adder 1 Reg. A Reg. B Reg. Sum 2 Chapter 5 Computing Components Yet another layer of abstraction! Components Circuits Gates Transistors

More information

RISC Processors and Parallel Processing. Section and 3.3.6

RISC Processors and Parallel Processing. Section and 3.3.6 RISC Processors and Parallel Processing Section 3.3.5 and 3.3.6 The Control Unit When a program is being executed it is actually the CPU receiving and executing a sequence of machine code instructions.

More information

Introduction. Computer System Organization. Languages, Levels, Virtual Machines. A multilevel machine. Sarjana Magister Program

Introduction. Computer System Organization. Languages, Levels, Virtual Machines. A multilevel machine. Sarjana Magister Program Computer System Organization Sarjana Magister Program Introduction Tb. Maulana Kusuma Week 1 Session 1 Languages, Levels, Virtual Machines A multilevel machine 1 Contemporary Multilevel Machines A six-level

More information

Computer Architecture Dr. Charles Kim Howard University

Computer Architecture Dr. Charles Kim Howard University EECE416 Microcomputer Fundamentals Computer Architecture Dr. Charles Kim Howard University 1 Computer Architecture Computer Architecture Art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create

More information

ECE 471 Embedded Systems Lecture 2

ECE 471 Embedded Systems Lecture 2 ECE 471 Embedded Systems Lecture 2 Vince Weaver http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver vincent.weaver@maine.edu 7 September 2018 Announcements Reminder: The class notes are posted to the website. HW#1 will

More information

CC312: Computer Organization

CC312: Computer Organization CC312: Computer Organization 1 Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Objectives Know the difference between computer organization and computer architecture. Understand units of measure common to computer systems.

More information

COMPUTER SYSTEM. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U

COMPUTER SYSTEM. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U C A N A D I A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L S C H O O L O F H O N G K O N G 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Components of a Computer System Algorithm The Von Neumann architecture is based on the following three characteristics:

More information

Chapter 2 COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE

Chapter 2 COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE Chapter 2 COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE A digital computer system consists of hardware and software. The hardware consists of the physical components of the system, whereas the software is the collection of

More information

FACTFILE: GCE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

FACTFILE: GCE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY FACTFILE: GCE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AS2: FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY Hardware and Software Architecture 1 Learning Outcomes Students should be able to: describe the internal components of a computer

More information

Pharmacy college.. Assist.Prof. Dr. Abdullah A. Abdullah

Pharmacy college.. Assist.Prof. Dr. Abdullah A. Abdullah The kinds of memory:- 1. RAM(Random Access Memory):- The main memory in the computer, it s the location where data and programs are stored (temporally). RAM is volatile means that the data is only there

More information

Computer Architecture Dr. Charles Kim Howard University

Computer Architecture Dr. Charles Kim Howard University EECE416 Microcomputer Fundamentals & Design Computer Architecture Dr. Charles Kim Howard University 1 Computer Architecture Computer Architecture Art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components

More information

ELE ELE Microprocessors

ELE ELE Microprocessors ELE ELE336 414 Microprocessors Section Section 21 21 & & 22 22& 23 Syllabus Hacettepe University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ELE 336 Microprocessor and Programming Spring All sections

More information

Agenda Computer Hardware Input Devices Output Devices Secondary Storage Computer Software System Software Application Software Working with Windows

Agenda Computer Hardware Input Devices Output Devices Secondary Storage Computer Software System Software Application Software Working with Windows Agenda Computer Hardware Input Devices Output Devices Secondary Storage Computer Software System Software Application Software Working with Windows A Computer is a device which allows you to Input raw

More information

STEVEN R. BAGLEY INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER

STEVEN R. BAGLEY INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER STEVEN R. BAGLEY INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTER INTRODUCTION Look at how a simple computer is built What are the main building blocks, how are they fitted together? Going to go fast, but will come back to

More information

Introduction to the Personal Computer

Introduction to the Personal Computer Introduction to the Personal Computer 2.1 Describe a computer system A computer system consists of hardware and software components. Hardware is the physical equipment such as the case, storage drives,

More information

Systems Architecture

Systems Architecture Systems Architecture Friday, 27 April 2018 Systems Architecture Today s Objectives: 1. To be able to explain the purposes and uses of embedded systems. 2. To be able to describe how the CPU executes instructions

More information

THE MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM CHAPTER - 2

THE MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM CHAPTER - 2 THE MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM CHAPTER - 2 20 2.1 GENERAL ASPECTS The first computer was developed using vacuum tubes. The computers thus developed were clumsy and dissipating more power. After the invention

More information

lesson 3 Transforming Data into Information

lesson 3 Transforming Data into Information essential concepts lesson 3 Transforming Data into Information This lesson includes the following sections: How Computers Represent Data How Computers Process Data Factors Affecting Processing Speed Extending

More information

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers, 4 th Edition. Chapter 2: IA-32 Processor Architecture. Chapter Overview.

Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers, 4 th Edition. Chapter 2: IA-32 Processor Architecture. Chapter Overview. Assembly Language for Intel-Based Computers, 4 th Edition Kip R. Irvine Chapter 2: IA-32 Processor Architecture Slides prepared by Kip R. Irvine Revision date: 09/25/2002 Chapter corrections (Web) Printing

More information

History and Basic Processor Architecture

History and Basic Processor Architecture History and Basic Processor Architecture History of Computers Module 1 Section 1 What Is a Computer? An electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can

More information