National 4-H Curriculum BU For Clubs, Communities and Afterschool Projects - Ages 12 and Up. Building and 1 Repairing Computers. Name.

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1 National 4-H Curriculum BU Computer Power Unlimited For Clubs, Communities and Afterschool Projects - Ages 12 and Up Building and 1 Repairing Computers Name County

For more on computers, look for these other guides in this set.

Design and Document Chapter 2 Networking Computers It Starts with an Address We re Just Here to Serve! Protocols and Conventions Is There Anybody Out There?

CPU 3 Teens Teaching Tech Chapter 1 Team Planning Building a Buddy System Bridge the Digital Divide Who s Got Your Back?

Bridges Beyond Words Chapter 4 Sustaining Download What? Who s Flying This Thing? Going National Now What? Newbie Know-How Chapter 1 Newbie Basics What is This stuff?

Using Office Applications Preserve It Place It Write It Calculate It Picture It Present It Back It Up/Expand Your Memory Chapter 4 It s Showtime!

2 For more on computers, look for these other guides in this set. BU BU BU CPU 2 Peer to Peer Chapter 1 Preparing to Network Getting Connected to the Big Picture Cables and Connectors It s What s on the Inside That Counts Wire or Wave? Design and Document Chapter 2 Networking Computers It Starts with an Address We re Just Here to Serve! Protocols and Conventions Is There Anybody Out There? It s All Under One Roof Chapter 3 Protection and Security The Wicked Wave Hackers or Heroes? Chapter 4 Collaboration Über World (Collaboration Online) LAN Party Time! CPU 3 Teens Teaching Tech Chapter 1 Team Planning Building a Buddy System Bridge the Digital Divide Who s Got Your Back? Chapter 2 Partnering Tools of the Trade Establishing Über-Geek Headquarters Chapter 3 Teaching With a Little Help from My Friends A Lasting Impression Sharing What We Know Making Magic for Munchkins! Bridges Beyond Words Chapter 4 Sustaining Download What? Who s Flying This Thing? Going National Now What? Newbie Know-How Chapter 1 Newbie Basics What is This stuff? Visit Über-Geek Headquarters Truth or Dare Back It Up/Expand Your Memory Chapter 2 Using the Internet to Gather Information Search It Communicate It Protect It Back It Up/Expand Your Memory Chapter 3 Using Office Applications Preserve It Place It Write It Calculate It Picture It Present It Back It Up/Expand Your Memory Chapter 4 It s Showtime! Just Do It Again Public Speaking and Presentation Pointers Judging Public Presentations (Scorecard) Inside the Box Table of Contents Notes to the Project Helper Inside Front Cover Table of Contents Welcome to Inside the Box How to Get Along with a Computer Inside the Box Planning Guide Inside the Box Achievement Program Chapter 1 Parts Tools of the Trade Parts and Ports: Outside the Box Under the Hood Deconstruct/Reconstruct Chapter 2 Interlude The Math Behind the Magic Chapter 3 Processes Is There a Doctor in the House? The Mind Inside the Machine Let Freedom Ring! Computer Brain Surgery More Tools of the Trade So, Doc, How Long Have I Got to Live? What Goes Around Comes Around Computers Geek Speak Glossary System Inventory Project Online Contents Inside Back Cover Computer Project ONLINE 1

Chapter 2 Interlude The Math Behind the Magic For the Project Helper Computer Skill: Life Skill: Educational Standard: Time Involved: Success Indicator: Understanding of how computers use numbers

3 Chapter 2 Interlude The Math Behind the Magic For the Project Helper Computer Skill: Life Skill: Educational Standard: Time Involved: Success Indicator: Understanding of how computers use numbers Critical thinking NETS 1.a. Basic operations and concepts 1 hour Can explain different number systems. Computers don t use the same languages that you and your friends do when you communicate. They use math! But it s not the math you use every day to count or add. Computers use 1 s and 0 s and B s and F s! What? In this activity you ll look at different types of counting systems and why they are important to computer technicians and designers. George is saying: Hint: 5=E You know how to add and carry digits to the next place column, right? You usually use decimal, or Base 10 to do these calculations. It s natural, because most people have 10 fingers and 10 toes. What if you only had eight fingers? Or two? What about if you had 16? Computers can add in all those different number systems. If they can, so can you! Use the information on the CPU website to help you complete this grid! Convert Decimal... to Binary Convert Decimal... to Hexadecimal Now add: Decimal = Binary = What does that equal in decimal? 16

Reflect Think about reasons why a computer uses different number systems, instead of just decimal. Write down your reasons. Which parts of the conversions were the most difficult? The easiest?

4 Reflect Think about reasons why a computer uses different number systems, instead of just decimal. Write down your reasons. Which parts of the conversions were the most difficult? The easiest? Generalize Can you think of ways you use binary in everyday life? What other number systems might you sometimes see in action? Apply Do you know of a profession that regularly uses a different numbering system than decimal? Which professions? Explore how ancient cultures used different numeral systems. E X P A N D 1 2 Your Memory Talk with an electrician or engineer about how switches and circuits are designed using math. Do a web search for Boolean logic or check out some of the links on the website to learn what it is. Computer Project ONLINE The Math Behind the Magic Bits & Bytes Bits and Gigabytes Computers only do one thing add numbers together but they do it really fast. Every function and command your computer performs is really just adding numbers. That includes making music, drawing a picture, sending an to a friend everything! You hear computer people talking about bits and bytes and gigabytes all the time. But what does it really mean? A bit is a single digit either a 0 or a 1. A byte is 8 bits. What do you think a gigabyte is? What is important about the number 1024? Your computer uses different number systems to perform all those functions decimal (or Base 10), binary (or Base 2), octal (Base 8) and hexadecimal (or Base 16). Every character you type on your keyboard and every color you see on your monitor has an assigned number to go with it. (The letter i is 105, forest green is 228B22.) So, computers are just big math machines! Decimal is the number system you use for everyday counting. It uses the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. What items that you carry in your pocket of purse use the decimal system? If you think about it, it makes cents! Binary uses only 0 s and 1 s and is used by computers, engineers and electricians. O s and 1 s can represent things like True and False, or Off and On. A light switch can be a binary system. Or the power switch on your computer. Computers also use hexadecimal ( hex ) that s where those B s and F s come in. So how can you count to 16 before you move to the next power? You have to use more symbols to represent numbers. So a computer uses A, B, C, D, E, and F as well as 0 to 9 to make up the digits it needs. Computers use hexadecimal to represent colors and special characters on web pages and to reference memory addresses. Boggling? Check the CPU website for Help. Geek Speak Boolean Hexadecimal Binary Decimal Bits Gigabytes 17

5 Project Online Computer Project ONLINE Contents Tools of the Trade Inside the Box Computer Mysteries: "Caring for Your Computer" Street Tech Toolkit Parts and Ports: Outside the Box Computer Mysteries: "The Scoop on Ports" Computer Mysteries: "Hardware HookUp" How Stuff Works: Computers Under the Hood Parts and Systems The PC Guide: How to Build Your Own PC by Charlie Palmer How Stuff Works: How PCs Work Deconstruct/Reconstruct Beginning Computer Mysteries: "Inside the Box" Advanced Trouble Shooting Laptops and PCs The Math Behind the Magic Computer Mysteries:"Secret Code" How Stuff Works: How Bits and Bytes Work Binary Math Lots of Bytes (binary multipliers) Binary & Hexadecimal Conversions Hexadecimal Binary Conversion Table Hexadecimal in Action: The Hex Hub (color codes) Using Hexadecimal Color Codes Binary Code in Action: How Boolean Logic Works Is There a Doctor in the House? Computer Repair with Diagnostic Flowcharts Troubleshooting Hardware Issues Troubleshooting Guide and Resources The Mind Inside the Machine Computer Mysteries: "Time Travel" Computer Mysteries: "What's an OS?" How Operating Systems Work Operating System Comparison of Operating Systems Operating System Technical Comparison The Great Debate Homepages of a Few Operating Systems MacOS Windows Edubuntu Knoppix Let Freedom Ring Licenses What is a Software License? The Language of Licenses The Free Software Foundation Help Knoppix Discussion Groups LINIX User Groups (US) Computer Brain Surgery Free Partition Managers, Editors and Recovery Ultimate Boot CD Linux ISO Distributions Linux, BSD (UNIX) Distributions Tech Soup (Discount Products for Non-profits) More Tools of the Trade BootsDisks PC Support Essential Utilities Advanced Utilities and TechnicalInfo Utility Library Computer Check-up and Diagnostics System Utilities and Diagnostics System Utilities and Drivers What Comes Around Goes Around Computer Recycling Center National Recycling Coalition Donate, Re-use, Recycle Clean Computer Campaign TechSoup FAQ's about Recycling Islands in the Waste Stream Junk Your Old PC Safely Environmental Protection Agency Recycle Old Computers and Equipment E-waste and E-cycling Basel Area Network: Working to Stop Toxic Trade Computers 2050? How to Build Your Own PC Future Technology Future Computer Challenge Exam Discover over 180 National 4-H Curriculum titles in mission areas of Science, Engineering and Technology; Healthy Living; and Citizenship. Youth activity guides are filled with fun, engaging experiences that cultivate abilities youth need for everyday living as they progressively gain knowledge about subjects that interest them. All titles have been reviewed and recommended by the National 4-H Curriculum Jury Review process, signifying their excellence in providing hands-on learning experiences for youth.

6 The 4-H Pledge I pledge my Head to clearer thinking, my Heart to greater loyalty, my Hands to larger service, and my Health to better living, for my club, my community, my country, and my world. Explore more curriculum projects online at: Computer Power Unlimited 1 Building and Repairing Computers For Clubs, Communities and Afterschool Projects

Bits and Bytes. Here is a sort of glossary of computer buzzwords you will encounter in computer use:

Bits and Bytes. Here is a sort of glossary of computer buzzwords you will encounter in computer use: Bits and Bytes Here is a sort of glossary of computer buzzwords you will encounter in computer use: Bit Computer processors can only tell if a wire is on or off. Luckily, they can look at lots of wires