Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers
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1 Discovering Computers 2009 Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize the importance of computer literacy Define the term, computer Identify the components of a computer Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Distinguish between system software and application software Describe the categories of computers Identify the elements of an information system Describe the various types of computer users Discuss various computer applications in society
2 A World of Computers What is computer literacy (digital literacy)? Current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses Computers are everywhere p. 4-5 Fig. 1-1 What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined? Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Accepts data Collection of unprocessed items Processes data into information Conveys meaning and is useful to people Produces and stores results p. 6
3 What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle? Input Process Output Storage Communication p. 6 Fig. 1-2 The Components of a Computer What is an input device? Hardware used to enter data and instructions Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 p. 7 Fig. 1-3
4 The Components of a Computer What is an output device? Hardware that conveys information to one or more people Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1 p. 7-8 Fig. 1-3 The Components of a Computer What is the system unit? Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data p. 7-8 Fig. 1-3
5 The Components of a Computer What are two main components on the motherboard? Processor Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU) The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions p. 8 The Components of a Computer What is storage? Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from storage media p. 8
6 The Components of a Computer What is a USB flash drive? Portable storage device Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket The average USB flash drive can hold about 2 billion characters p. 8 The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk? Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive Most are housed inside the system unit p. 8 Fig. 1-4
7 The Components of a Computer Video: Speed Up Your Hard Drive CLICK TO START The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc? Flat, round, portable metal disc CD DVD p. 9 Fig. 1-5
8 The Components of a Computer What is a communications device? Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Communications Devices below Chapter 1 p. 9 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the advantages of using computers? communi cations Speed Storage Reliability Consistency p. 10
9 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the disadvantages of using computers? Violation of Privacy Public Safety Impact on Labor Force Health Risks Impact on Environment p Networks and the Internet What is a network? Collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly Used to share Resources Hardware devices Software programs Data Information Saves time and money p. 11
10 Networks and the Internet What is a server? A server controls access to resources on a network Clients, or workstations, request resources from the server p. 11 Fig. 1-6 Networks and the Internet What is the Internet? Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Internet below Chapter 1 p. 12 Fig. 1-7
11 Networks and the Internet Why do users access the Internet? 1. Communications 2. Research and Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment 7. Download Music 8. Share Information p Fig. 1-8 Networks and the Internet What is the Web? Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages You can share information on a social networking Web site or a photo sharing community A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Sharing Videos below Chapter 1 p A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages A blog consists of timestamped articles in a journal format
12 Computer Software What is software? Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it Also called a program p. 15 Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information p. 15 Fig. 1-10
13 Computer Software What is system software? Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows Vista below Chapter 1 Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs p Computer Software What is application software? Programs designed to make users more productive Word Processing Database Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics p. 16 Fig. 1-11
14 Computer Software How do you install and run programs? p. 17 Fig Computer Software What is a programmer? Someone who develops software Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information JavaScript Web application p. 18 Fig. 1-13
15 Categories of Computers What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers (desktop) Game Consoles Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers p. 19 Personal Computers What are the two most popular styles of personal computers? PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system Apple Macintosh usually uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X) Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1 p Figs
16 Personal Computers What is a desktop computer? Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table p Fig Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a notebook computer? Portable, small enough to fit on your lap Also called a laptop computer Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities p. 20 Fig. 1-17
17 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a Tablet PC? Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen Especially useful for taking notes p. 21 Fig Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are mobile devices? Small enough to carry in a pocket Internet-enabled telephone is a smart phone p
18 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a handheld computer? Small enough to fit in one hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people p. 21 Fig Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)? Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad p. 21 Fig. 1-20
19 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are smart phones? Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click iphone below Chapter 1 p. 22 Fig Game Consoles What are game consoles? Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games p. 22 Fig. 1-22
20 Servers What types of servers are there? A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations p. 23 Figs Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer? A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product p. 24 Fig. 1-26
21 Elements of an Information System What are information system elements? Hardware Software Data People Procedures p. 25 Fig Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a home user? Personal finance management Web access Communications Entertainment Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Women in Technology below Chapter 1 Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Minorities in Technology below Chapter 1 p. 26 Fig. 1-28
22 Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? Productivity software Specialty software Web usage p. 28 Fig Examples of Computer Usage What is available for a mobile user? Hardware Notebook computers Tablet PCs Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phones Software Word processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics software p. 29 Fig. 1-31
23 Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of a power user? Speed and large amounts of storage Types of power users Engineers Scientists Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists p. 29 Fig Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user? Payroll Inventory E-commerce Desktop publishing p. 30 Figs. 1-33
24 Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society? Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Handheld Navigation Devices below Chapter 1 p Figs Summary of Introduction to Computers Basic computer concepts The uses of the Internet The term, computer Computer software The components of a computer The advantages and disadvantages of using computers The purpose of a network Categories of computers Types of computer users Computer applications in society Chapter 1 Complete
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