Basic Computer Architecture

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Basic Computer Architecture"

Transcription

1 Basic Computer Architecture Some of slides are referred to: [1] Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. Yong Heui Mokwon University

2 Basic Computer Design 1. History of Computers 2. Introduction to Arduino 3. Basic Computer Architecture 4. Combinational Logic Circuit 2

3 Computer Components Input/output units Memory/storage units CPU (Central Processing Unit) 3

4 Motherboard Diagram Northbridge Connected to CPU in high speed Southbridge Connected in low speed Bus Related to omnibus Communication system between components 4

5 Computer System 5

6 Connection of Components Northbridge South bridge 6

7 CPU Architecture 7

8 von Neumann Architecture 8

9 Harvard Architecture 9

10 CPU: 3 Major Components ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) Performs calculations and comparisons (data changed) CU (Control Unit): performs fetch/execute cycle Functions: Moves data to and from CPU registers and other hardware comp onents (no change in data) Accesses program instructions and issues commands to the ALU Subparts: Memory management unit: supervises fetching instructions and d ata I/O Interface: sometimes combined with memory management u nit as Bust Interface Unit Registers Example: Program Counter (PC) or instruction pointer determi nes next instruction for execution Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 10

11 Machine Cycle Fetch-decode-execute-store 11

12 Concept of Registers Small, permanent storage locations withi n the CPU used for a particular purpose Manipulated directly by the CU Wired for specific function Size in bits or bytes (not MB like memor y) Can hold data, an address or an instructi on Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 12

13 Register Operations Stores values from other locations (regist ers and memory) Addition and subtraction Shift or rotate data Test contents for conditions such as zero or positive Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 13

14 Registers in CPU Program Count (PC) register Instruction Register (IR) Status register: status, flags 14

15 Cache Memory Cache level L1 cache: fastest and smallest L2 cache: next fastest and smallest 15

16 Operation of Memory Each memory location has a unique addr ess Address from an instruction is copied to the MAR (Memory Address Register) whi ch finds the location in memory CPU determines if it is a store or retrieval Transfer takes place between the MDR ( Memory Data Register) and memory MDR is a two way register Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 16

17 MAR, MDR, Memory Address Data Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 17

18 MAR-MDR Example Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 18

19 Individual Memory Cell Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 19

20 Memory Capacity Determined by two factors 1. Number of bits in the MAR 2 K where K = width of the register in bits 2. Size of the address portion of the instruction 4 bits allows 16 locations 8 bits allows 256 locations 32 bits allows 4,294,967,296 or 4 GB Important for performance Insufficient memory can cause a processor to w ork at 50% below performance Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 20

21 Random Access Memory DRAM (Dynamic RAM) Most common, cheap Volatile: must be refreshed (recharged with pow er) 1000 s of times each second SRAM (Static RAM) Faster than DRAM and more expensive than DR AM Volatile Frequently small amount used in cache memory for high-speed access used Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 21

22 Read Only Memory Non-volatile memory to hold software th at is not expected to change over the life of the system Magnetic core memory EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM Slower and less flexible than Flash ROM Flash ROM Faster than disks but more expensive Uses BIOS: initial boot instructions and diagnostics Digital cameras Courtesy to Basic Computer Architecture, slideshare. 22

23 CMOS Memory CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) TR (Transistor) Low power consumption, cheap TR BIOS (Basic I/O System) and system settings that users can change 23

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) LECTURE 2 : WEEK 2 CSC-111-T

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) LECTURE 2 : WEEK 2 CSC-111-T INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) LECTURE 2 : WEEK 2 CSC-111-T Credit : (2 + 1) / Week 2 TEXT AND REF. BOOKS Text Book: Peter Norton (2011), Introduction to Computers, 7 /e,

More information

The CPU and Memory. How does a computer work? How does a computer interact with data? How are instructions performed? Recall schematic diagram:

The CPU and Memory. How does a computer work? How does a computer interact with data? How are instructions performed? Recall schematic diagram: The CPU and Memory How does a computer work? How does a computer interact with data? How are instructions performed? Recall schematic diagram: 1 Registers A register is a permanent storage location within

More information

machine cycle, the CPU: (a) Fetches an instruction, (b) Decodes the instruction, (c) Executes the instruction, and (d) Stores the result.

machine cycle, the CPU: (a) Fetches an instruction, (b) Decodes the instruction, (c) Executes the instruction, and (d) Stores the result. Central Processing Unit (CPU) A processor is also called the CPU, and it works hand in hand with other circuits known as main memory to carry out processing. The CPU is the "brain" of the computer; it

More information

Computer Organization and Assembly Language (CS-506)

Computer Organization and Assembly Language (CS-506) Computer Organization and Assembly Language (CS-506) Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Ali Lecturer ISP. Multan ali.zeeshan04@gmail.com https://zeeshanaliatisp.wordpress.com/ Lecture 2 Memory Organization and Structure

More information

Chapter One. Introduction to Computer System

Chapter One. Introduction to Computer System Principles of Programming-I / 131101 Prepared by: Dr. Bahjat Qazzaz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter One Introduction to Computer System

More information

Latches. IT 3123 Hardware and Software Concepts. Registers. The Little Man has Registers. Data Registers. Program Counter

Latches. IT 3123 Hardware and Software Concepts. Registers. The Little Man has Registers. Data Registers. Program Counter IT 3123 Hardware and Software Concepts Notice: This session is being recorded. CPU and Memory June 11 Copyright 2005 by Bob Brown Latches Can store one bit of data Can be ganged together to store more

More information

COMP2121: Microprocessors and Interfacing. Introduction to Microprocessors

COMP2121: Microprocessors and Interfacing. Introduction to Microprocessors COMP2121: Microprocessors and Interfacing Introduction to Microprocessors http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~cs2121 Lecturer: Hui Wu Session 2, 2017 1 1 Contents Processor architectures Bus Memory hierarchy 2

More information

Computer Organization

Computer Organization INF 101 Fundamental Information Technology Computer Organization Assistant Prof. Dr. Turgay ĐBRĐKÇĐ Course slides are adapted from slides provided by Addison-Wesley Computing Fundamentals of Information

More information

COMPUTER SYSTEM. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U

COMPUTER SYSTEM. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U. COMPUTER SYSTEM IB DP Computer science Standard Level ICS3U C A N A D I A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L S C H O O L O F H O N G K O N G 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Components of a Computer System Algorithm The Von Neumann architecture is based on the following three characteristics:

More information

Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition

Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: The components of a computer system Putting all the

More information

Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization

Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization Objectives Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition In this chapter, you will learn about: The components of a computer system Putting all the

More information

Another fundamental component of the computer is the main memory.

Another fundamental component of the computer is the main memory. Another fundamental component of the computer is the main memory. The main memory of the computer is called random-access memory (abbreviated to RAM). According to the Von Neumann architecture, the RAM

More information

Concept of Memory. The memory of computer is broadly categories into two categories:

Concept of Memory. The memory of computer is broadly categories into two categories: Concept of Memory We have already mentioned that digital computer works on stored programmed concept introduced by Von Neumann. We use memory to store the information, which includes both program and data.

More information

COSC 243. Computer Architecture 1. COSC 243 (Computer Architecture) Lecture 6 - Computer Architecture 1 1

COSC 243. Computer Architecture 1. COSC 243 (Computer Architecture) Lecture 6 - Computer Architecture 1 1 COSC 243 Computer Architecture 1 COSC 243 (Computer Architecture) Lecture 6 - Computer Architecture 1 1 Overview Last Lecture Flip flops This Lecture Computers Next Lecture Instruction sets and addressing

More information

Lecture Objectives. Introduction to Computing Chapter 0. Topics. Numbering Systems 04/09/2017

Lecture Objectives. Introduction to Computing Chapter 0. Topics. Numbering Systems 04/09/2017 Lecture Objectives Introduction to Computing Chapter The AVR microcontroller and embedded systems using assembly and c Students should be able to: Convert between base and. Explain the difference between

More information

Computer Systems Organization

Computer Systems Organization The IAS (von Neumann) Machine Computer Systems Organization Input Output Equipment Stored Program concept Main memory storing programs and data ALU operating on binary data Control unit interpreting instructions

More information

Memory Overview. Overview - Memory Types 2/17/16. Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University

Memory Overview. Overview - Memory Types 2/17/16. Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University Memory Overview Curtis Nelson Walla Walla University Overview - Memory Types n n n Magnetic tape (used primarily for long term archive) Magnetic disk n Hard disk (File, Directory, Folder) n Floppy disks

More information

CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit:

CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit: CREATED BY M BILAL & Arslan Ahmad Shaad Visit: www.techo786.wordpress.com Q1: Define microprocessor? Short Questions Chapter No 01 Fundamental Concepts Microprocessor is a program-controlled and semiconductor

More information

Computer Architecture and Assembly Language. Spring

Computer Architecture and Assembly Language. Spring Computer Architecture and Assembly Language Spring 2014-2015 What is a computer? A computer is a sophisticated electronic calculating machine that: Accepts input information, Processes the information

More information

Module 5a: Introduction To Memory System (MAIN MEMORY)

Module 5a: Introduction To Memory System (MAIN MEMORY) Module 5a: Introduction To Memory System (MAIN MEMORY) R E F E R E N C E S : S T A L L I N G S, C O M P U T E R O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D A R C H I T E C T U R E M O R R I S M A N O, C O M P U T E

More information

COA. Prepared By: Dhaval R. Patel Page 1. Q.1 Define MBR.

COA. Prepared By: Dhaval R. Patel Page 1. Q.1 Define MBR. Q.1 Define MBR. MBR( Memory buffer register) A Memory Buffer Register (MBR) is the register in a computers processor that stores the data being transferred to and from the devices It allowing the processor

More information

ECE 341. Lecture # 16

ECE 341. Lecture # 16 ECE 341 Lecture # 16 Instructor: Zeshan Chishti zeshan@ece.pdx.edu November 24, 2014 Portland State University Lecture Topics The Memory System Basic Concepts Semiconductor RAM Memories Organization of

More information

Q1. Describe C.P.U and its subunits with the help of diagram?

Q1. Describe C.P.U and its subunits with the help of diagram? Q1. Describe C.P.U and its subunits with the help of diagram? Ans. C.P.U (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) Book page # 27 The C.P.U is the brain of computer.it controls and supervises all the units. Processing

More information

SYSTEM BUS AND MOCROPROCESSORS HISTORY

SYSTEM BUS AND MOCROPROCESSORS HISTORY SYSTEM BUS AND MOCROPROCESSORS HISTORY Dr. M. Hebaishy momara@su.edu.sa http://colleges.su.edu.sa/dawadmi/fos/pages/hebaishy.aspx Digital Logic Design Ch1-1 SYSTEM BUS The CPU sends various data values,

More information

Chapter 7: Processor and Memory

Chapter 7: Processor and Memory Slide 1/27 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Internal structure of processor Memory structure Determining the speed of a processor Different types of processors available Determining

More information

Systems Architecture

Systems Architecture Systems Architecture Friday, 27 April 2018 Systems Architecture Today s Objectives: 1. To be able to explain the purposes and uses of embedded systems. 2. To be able to describe how the CPU executes instructions

More information

A Review of Chapter 5 and. CSc 2010 Spring 2012 Instructor: Qian Hu

A Review of Chapter 5 and. CSc 2010 Spring 2012 Instructor: Qian Hu A Review of Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 Chapter 5 Computer Systems Organization Von Neumann Architecture 4 Components Memory Input/output ALU Control Unit Two major features Stored program concept Sequential

More information

Chapter 4 The Components of the System Unit

Chapter 4 The Components of the System Unit Chapter 4 The Components of the System Unit The System Unit What is the system unit? Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data Sometimes called the chassis p. 184 Fig.

More information

3 Computer Architecture and Assembly Language

3 Computer Architecture and Assembly Language 3 Computer Architecture and Assembly Language 3.1 Overview of the Organization of a Computer System All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components: Main memory: enables a computer

More information

Unit 2: Technology Systems. Computer and technology systems

Unit 2: Technology Systems. Computer and technology systems Unit 2: Technology Systems Computer and technology systems So far Introduction Applications in different industries Issues Sustainability Privacy and copyright Networking Today Learning aim B: Understand

More information

Memory Study Material

Memory Study Material Computer memory refers to the devices that are used to store data or programs on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer. Any data or instruction entered into the memory of a computer is considered

More information

MEMORY BHARAT SCHOOL OF BANKING- VELLORE

MEMORY BHARAT SCHOOL OF BANKING- VELLORE A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in computer where data is to be processed and instructions required for processing are

More information

COMP3221: Microprocessors and. and Embedded Systems. Overview. Lecture 23: Memory Systems (I)

COMP3221: Microprocessors and. and Embedded Systems. Overview. Lecture 23: Memory Systems (I) COMP3221: Microprocessors and Embedded Systems Lecture 23: Memory Systems (I) Overview Memory System Hierarchy RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM and FLASH http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~cs3221 Lecturer: Hui Wu Session

More information

Grundlagen Microcontroller Memory. Günther Gridling Bettina Weiss

Grundlagen Microcontroller Memory. Günther Gridling Bettina Weiss Grundlagen Microcontroller Memory Günther Gridling Bettina Weiss 1 Lecture Overview Memory Memory Types Address Space Allocation 2 Memory Requirements What do we want to store? program constants (e.g.

More information

Lecture1: introduction. Outline: History overview Central processing unite Register set Special purpose address registers Datapath Control unit

Lecture1: introduction. Outline: History overview Central processing unite Register set Special purpose address registers Datapath Control unit Lecture1: introduction Outline: History overview Central processing unite Register set Special purpose address registers Datapath Control unit 1 1. History overview Computer systems have conventionally

More information

Computers: Inside and Out

Computers: Inside and Out Computers: Inside and Out Computer Components To store binary information the most basic components of a computer must exist in two states State # 1 = 1 State # 2 = 0 1 Transistors Computers use transistors

More information

Memory memories memory

Memory memories memory Memory Organization Memory Hierarchy Memory is used for storing programs and data that are required to perform a specific task. For CPU to operate at its maximum speed, it required an uninterrupted and

More information

5 Computer Organization

5 Computer Organization 5 Computer Organization 5.1 Foundations of Computer Science ã Cengage Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: q List the three subsystems of a computer. q Describe

More information

Outcomes. Lecture 13 - Introduction to the Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing UNIT (CPU) or Processor

Outcomes. Lecture 13 - Introduction to the Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing UNIT (CPU) or Processor Lecture 13 - Introduction to the Central Processing Unit (CPU) Outcomes What is a CPU? How are instructions prepared by the CPU before execution? What registers and operations are involved in this preparation

More information

Computers Are Your Future

Computers Are Your Future Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition Chapter 2: Inside the System Unit Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 Inside the Computer System Copyright 2012 Pearson Education,

More information

Information Science 1

Information Science 1 Information Science 1 -Basic Concepts of Computers: Opera4on, Architecture, Memory- Week 02 College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Today s lecture outline l Recall the previous

More information

CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 2, 2016

CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 2, 2016 CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 2, 2016 Reading Quiz Today Hardware basics Machine memory models Digital signals Logic gates Circuits: Borrow some paper if

More information

Main Memory (RAM) Organisation

Main Memory (RAM) Organisation Main Memory (RAM) Organisation Computers employ many different types of memory (semi-conductor, magnetic disks, USB sticks, DVDs etc.) to hold data and programs. Each type has its own characteristics and

More information

Three-box Model: These three boxes need interconnecting (usually done by wiring known as a bus. 1. Processor CPU e.g. Pentium 4 2.

Three-box Model: These three boxes need interconnecting (usually done by wiring known as a bus. 1. Processor CPU e.g. Pentium 4 2. Three-box Model: 1. Processor CPU e.g. Pentium 4 2. Storage - Memory 3. I/O input/output electronics for communication with other devices These three boxes need interconnecting (usually done by wiring

More information

Chapter 08: The Memory System. Lesson 01: Basic Concepts

Chapter 08: The Memory System. Lesson 01: Basic Concepts Chapter 08: The Memory System Lesson 01: Basic Concepts Objective Understand the concepts of interconnecting processor to memory devices Understand the speed of access of memorydevices, latency and bandwidth

More information

CS 16: Assembly Language Programming for the IBM PC and Compatibles

CS 16: Assembly Language Programming for the IBM PC and Compatibles CS 16: Assembly Language Programming for the IBM PC and Compatibles Discuss the general concepts Look at IA-32 processor architecture and memory management Dive into 64-bit processors Explore the components

More information

IB Computer Science Topic.2-

IB Computer Science Topic.2- Topic.2- Computer Organization Designed by: Allan Lawson Sources: Online Materials, thanks for all Topic 2.1.1 Computer Architecture Outline the architecture of a central processing unit (CPU) and the

More information

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC), is a microprocessor CPU design philosophy that favors a smaller and simpler set of instructions that all take about the

More information

Components of a personal computer

Components of a personal computer Components of a personal computer Computer systems ranging from a controller in a microwave oven to a large supercomputer contain components providing five functions. A typical personal computer has hard,

More information

Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7 th Edition. Chapter 2: x86 Processor Architecture

Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7 th Edition. Chapter 2: x86 Processor Architecture Assembly Language for x86 Processors 7 th Edition Kip Irvine Chapter 2: x86 Processor Architecture Slides prepared by the author Revision date: 1/15/2014 (c) Pearson Education, 2015. All rights reserved.

More information

Organization. 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory. William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition

Organization. 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory. William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory 5.2 Error Correction 5.3 Advanced DRAM Organization 5.1 Semiconductor Main Memory

More information

Computer Organization

Computer Organization Chapter 5 Computer Organization Figure 5-1 Computer hardware :: Review Figure 5-2 CPU :: Review CPU:: Review Registers are fast stand-alone storage locations that hold data temporarily Data Registers Instructional

More information

What Are The Main Differences Between Program Counter Pc And Instruction Register Ir

What Are The Main Differences Between Program Counter Pc And Instruction Register Ir What Are The Main Differences Between Program Counter Pc And Instruction Register Ir and register-based instructions - Anatomy on a CPU - Program Counter (PC): holds memory address of next instruction

More information

CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 3, 2015

CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic. Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 3, 2015 CS 31: Intro to Systems Digital Logic Kevin Webb Swarthmore College February 3, 2015 Reading Quiz Today Hardware basics Machine memory models Digital signals Logic gates Circuits: Borrow some paper if

More information

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition. Chapter 5 Internal Memory

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition. Chapter 5 Internal Memory William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 5 Internal Memory Semiconductor Memory Types Semiconductor Memory RAM Misnamed as all semiconductor memory is random access

More information

Computer Organization

Computer Organization University of Pune S.E. I.T. Subject code: 214442 Computer Organization Part 20 : Memory Organization Basics UNIT IV Tushar B. Kute, Department of Information Technology, Sandip Institute of Technology

More information

The Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit The Central Processing Unit All computers derive from the same basic design, usually referred to as the von Neumann architecture. This concept involves solving a problem by defining a sequence of commands

More information

CS 265. Computer Architecture. Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng.

CS 265. Computer Architecture. Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng. CS 265 Computer Architecture Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng. Part 4: Memory Organization Our goal: understand the basic types of memory in computer understand memory hierarchy and the general process to access memory

More information

The Von Neumann Architecture. Designing Computers. The Von Neumann Architecture. CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing - Spring 2001

The Von Neumann Architecture. Designing Computers. The Von Neumann Architecture. CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing - Spring 2001 The Von Neumann Architecture Chapter 5.1-5.2 Von Neumann Architecture Designing Computers All computers more or less based on the same basic design, the Von Neumann Architecture! CMPUT101 Introduction

More information

Computer Organization

Computer Organization Objectives 5.1 Chapter 5 Computer Organization Source: Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning 5.2 After studying this chapter, students should be able to: List the three subsystems of a computer.

More information

Memory hierarchy and cache

Memory hierarchy and cache Memory hierarchy and cache QUIZ EASY 1). What is used to design Cache? a). SRAM b). DRAM c). Blend of both d). None. 2). What is the Hierarchy of memory? a). Processor, Registers, Cache, Tape, Main memory,

More information

FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER

FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER Components of a personal computer - Summary Computer Case aluminium casing to store all components. Motherboard Central Processor Unit (CPU) Power supply

More information

Electricity: Voltage. Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal.

Electricity: Voltage. Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal. Hardware CSCE 101 Electricity: Voltage Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal. The signals voltage will either be between

More information

Designing Computers. The Von Neumann Architecture. The Von Neumann Architecture. The Von Neumann Architecture

Designing Computers. The Von Neumann Architecture. The Von Neumann Architecture. The Von Neumann Architecture Chapter 5.1-5.2 Designing Computers All computers more or less based on the same basic design, the Von Neumann Architecture! Von Neumann Architecture CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing (c) Yngvi Bjornsson

More information

CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing - Summer 2002

CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing - Summer 2002 7KH9RQ1HXPDQQ$UFKLWHFWXUH Chapter 5.1-5.2 Von Neumann Architecture 'HVLJQLQJ&RPSXWHUV All computers more or less based on the same basic design, the Von Neumann Architecture! CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing

More information

Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy

Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy CSE 431: Introduction to Operating Systems Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy Gojko Babić 10/5/018 Memory Hierarchy A computer system contains a hierarchy of storage devices with different costs,

More information

CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture

CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture Dr. Bill Young Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Last updated: November 28, 2017 at 14:31 CS429 Slideset 18: 1 Random-Access Memory

More information

CS 320 February 2, 2018 Ch 5 Memory

CS 320 February 2, 2018 Ch 5 Memory CS 320 February 2, 2018 Ch 5 Memory Main memory often referred to as core by the older generation because core memory was a mainstay of computers until the advent of cheap semi-conductor memory in the

More information

CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing - Summer 2002

CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing - Summer 2002 7KH9RQ1HXPDQQ$UFKLWHFWXUH 2GGVDQG(QGV Chapter 5.1-5.2 Von Neumann Architecture CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing (c) Yngvi Bjornsson & Vadim Bulitko 1 'HVLJQLQJ&RPSXWHUV All computers more or less based

More information

BTEC Level 3 Unit 2. Computer Components

BTEC Level 3 Unit 2. Computer Components BTEC Level 3 Unit 2 1 Computer Components Stores: The Operating System Application files User data 3.5 inch units in servers and desktops 2.5 inch units in notebooks and external drives Computer Components

More information

Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware

Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware CS10001 Computer Literacy Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware 1 Topics Discussed Digital Data and Switches Manual Electrical Digital Data Representation

More information

CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture

CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture CS429: Computer Organization and Architecture Dr. Bill Young Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Last updated: April 9, 2018 at 12:16 CS429 Slideset 17: 1 Random-Access Memory

More information

Computer Organization

Computer Organization University of Pune S.E. I.T. Subject code: 214442 Computer Organization Part 20 : Memory Organization Basics UNIT IV Tushar B. Kute, Department of Information Technology, Sandip Institute of Technology

More information

Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware 4

Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware 4 Chapter 9: A Closer Look at System Hardware CS10001 Computer Literacy Topics Discussed Digital Data and Switches Manual Electrical Digital Data Representation Decimal to Binary (Numbers) Characters and

More information

MICROPROCESSOR MCQs. 1) What does the microprocessor comprise of? a. Register section b. One or more ALU c. Control unit d.

MICROPROCESSOR MCQs. 1) What does the microprocessor comprise of? a. Register section b. One or more ALU c. Control unit d. 1) What does the microprocessor comprise of? a. Register section b. One or more ALU c. Control unit 2) What is stored by a register? a. data b. operands c. memory MICROPROCESSOR MCQs 3) Accumulator based

More information

Chapter 2 Data Manipulation

Chapter 2 Data Manipulation Chapter 2 Data Manipulation Dr. Farzana Rahman Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science James Madison University 1 What the chapter is about? 2.1 Computer Architecture 2.2 Machine Language 2.3

More information

The Memory Hierarchy Part I

The Memory Hierarchy Part I Chapter 6 The Memory Hierarchy Part I The slides of Part I are taken in large part from V. Heuring & H. Jordan, Computer Systems esign and Architecture 1997. 1 Outline: Memory components: RAM memory cells

More information

Overview. Memory Classification Read-Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) Functional Behavior of RAM. Implementing Static RAM

Overview. Memory Classification Read-Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) Functional Behavior of RAM. Implementing Static RAM Memories Overview Memory Classification Read-Only Memory (ROM) Types of ROM PROM, EPROM, E 2 PROM Flash ROMs (Compact Flash, Secure Digital, Memory Stick) Random Access Memory (RAM) Types of RAM Static

More information

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS When we talk about computers, we really are talking about a Computer System. Computer System: It is a combination of Hardware and Software. This combination allows a computer

More information

The Von Neumann Architecture Odds and Ends. Designing Computers. The Von Neumann Architecture. CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing - Spring 2001

The Von Neumann Architecture Odds and Ends. Designing Computers. The Von Neumann Architecture. CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing - Spring 2001 The Von Neumann Architecture Odds and Ends Chapter 5.1-5.2 Von Neumann Architecture CMPUT101 Introduction to Computing (c) Yngvi Bjornsson & Vadim Bulitko 1 Designing Computers All computers more or less

More information

Microcontroller Systems. ELET 3232 Topic 11: General Memory Interfacing

Microcontroller Systems. ELET 3232 Topic 11: General Memory Interfacing Microcontroller Systems ELET 3232 Topic 11: General Memory Interfacing 1 Objectives To become familiar with the concepts of memory expansion and the data and address bus To design embedded systems circuits

More information

Design and Implementation of an AHB SRAM Memory Controller

Design and Implementation of an AHB SRAM Memory Controller Design and Implementation of an AHB SRAM Memory Controller 1 Module Overview Learn the basics of Computer Memory; Design and implement an AHB SRAM memory controller, which replaces the previous on-chip

More information

Internal Memory. Computer Architecture. Outline. Memory Hierarchy. Semiconductor Memory Types. Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved.

Internal Memory. Computer Architecture. Outline. Memory Hierarchy. Semiconductor Memory Types. Copyright 2000 N. AYDIN. All rights reserved. Computer Architecture Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN naydin@yildiz.edu.tr nizamettinaydin@gmail.com Internal Memory http://www.yildiz.edu.tr/~naydin 1 2 Outline Semiconductor main memory Random Access Memory

More information

Technology in Action

Technology in Action Technology in Action Chapter 9 Behind the Scenes: A Closer Look at System Hardware 1 Binary Language Computers work in binary language. Consists of two numbers: 0 and 1 Everything a computer does is broken

More information

Contents. Memory System Overview Cache Memory. Internal Memory. Virtual Memory. Memory Hierarchy. Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory

Contents. Memory System Overview Cache Memory. Internal Memory. Virtual Memory. Memory Hierarchy. Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory Memory Hierarchy Contents Memory System Overview Cache Memory Internal Memory External Memory Virtual Memory Memory Hierarchy Registers In CPU Internal or Main memory Cache RAM External memory Backing

More information

COSC 122 Computer Fluency. Computer Organization. Dr. Ramon Lawrence University of British Columbia Okanagan

COSC 122 Computer Fluency. Computer Organization. Dr. Ramon Lawrence University of British Columbia Okanagan COSC 122 Computer Fluency Computer Organization Dr. Ramon Lawrence University of British Columbia Okanagan ramon.lawrence@ubc.ca Key Points 1) The standard computer (von Neumann) architecture consists

More information

Computers Are Your Future

Computers Are Your Future Computers Are Your Future 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 6 Inside the System Unit 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Slide 2 What You Will Learn... Understand how computers represent

More information

7/28/ Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc.

7/28/ Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc Prentice-Hall, Inc. Technology in Action Technology in Action Chapter 9 Behind the Scenes: A Closer Look a System Hardware Chapter Topics Computer switches Binary number system Inside the CPU Cache memory Types of RAM Computer

More information

Chapter 5 12/2/2013. Objectives. Computer Systems Organization. Objectives. Objectives (continued) Introduction. INVITATION TO Computer Science 1

Chapter 5 12/2/2013. Objectives. Computer Systems Organization. Objectives. Objectives (continued) Introduction. INVITATION TO Computer Science 1 Chapter 5 Computer Systems Organization Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: The components of a computer system Putting all the pieces together the Von Neumann architecture The future: non-von

More information

Show how to connect three Full Adders to implement a 3-bit ripple-carry adder

Show how to connect three Full Adders to implement a 3-bit ripple-carry adder Show how to connect three Full Adders to implement a 3-bit ripple-carry adder 1 Reg. A Reg. B Reg. Sum 2 Chapter 5 Computing Components Yet another layer of abstraction! Components Circuits Gates Transistors

More information

FACTFILE: GCE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

FACTFILE: GCE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY FACTFILE: GCE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AS2: FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY Hardware and Software Architecture 1 Learning Outcomes Students should be able to: describe the internal components of a computer

More information

Explain the functions of the main components of a basic computer system (Part 2) S. Neebar

Explain the functions of the main components of a basic computer system (Part 2) S. Neebar Explain the functions of the main components of a basic computer system (Part 2) S. Neebar The System Unit The system unit is made up of the computer case or chassis and all the internal electronic components

More information

The Stored Program Computer

The Stored Program Computer The Stored Program Computer 1 1945: John von Neumann Wrote a report on the stored program concept, known as the First Draft of a Report on EDVAC also Alan Turing Konrad Zuse Eckert & Mauchly The basic

More information

+ Random-Access Memory (RAM)

+ Random-Access Memory (RAM) + Memory Subsystem + Random-Access Memory (RAM) Key features RAM is traditionally packaged as a chip. Basic storage unit is normally a cell (one bit per cell). Multiple RAM chips form a memory. RAM comes

More information

CHAPTER 7 THE CPU AND MEMORY SHOE MACNELLY. DISTRIBUTED BY KING FEATURES SYNDICATE

CHAPTER 7 THE CPU AND MEMORY SHOE MACNELLY. DISTRIBUTED BY KING FEATURES SYNDICATE CHAPTER 7 THE CPU AND MEMORY SHOE MACNELLY DISTRIBUTED BY KING FEATURES SYNDICATE 70 INTRODUCTION The previous chapter provided a detailed introduction to the Little Man model of a computer In that chapter

More information

UNIT:4 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

UNIT:4 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 1 UNIT:4 MEMORY ORGANIZATION TOPICS TO BE COVERED. 4.1 Memory Hierarchy 4.2 Memory Classification 4.3 RAM,ROM,PROM,EPROM 4.4 Main Memory 4.5Auxiliary Memory 4.6 Associative Memory 4.7 Cache Memory 4.8

More information

Pharmacy college.. Assist.Prof. Dr. Abdullah A. Abdullah

Pharmacy college.. Assist.Prof. Dr. Abdullah A. Abdullah The kinds of memory:- 1. RAM(Random Access Memory):- The main memory in the computer, it s the location where data and programs are stored (temporally). RAM is volatile means that the data is only there

More information

Chapter 5 Internal Memory

Chapter 5 Internal Memory Chapter 5 Internal Memory Memory Type Category Erasure Write Mechanism Volatility Random-access memory (RAM) Read-write memory Electrically, byte-level Electrically Volatile Read-only memory (ROM) Read-only

More information

Computer Architecture 2/26/01 Lecture #

Computer Architecture 2/26/01 Lecture # Computer Architecture 2/26/01 Lecture #9 16.070 On a previous lecture, we discussed the software development process and in particular, the development of a software architecture Recall the output of the

More information

UNIT-V MEMORY ORGANIZATION

UNIT-V MEMORY ORGANIZATION UNIT-V MEMORY ORGANIZATION 1 The main memory of a computer is semiconductor memory.the main memory unit is basically consists of two kinds of memory: RAM (RWM):Random access memory; which is volatile in

More information