CHAPTER 1 TYPES & COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
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1 CHAPTER 1 TYPES & COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM 1.1 Hardware and Software Q.1) Define hardware and software: a) Hardware Hardware is a general term used for the physical components (parts) that make up a computer system. Eg: the keyboard, mouse, monitor, processor etc. b) Software Software is a general term for the programs that control the computer system. Software are of two types: i. System software ii. Application software Q.2) Differentiate between system software and application software. Ans: System software: Programs that allow the computer hardware to run properly and allow the user to communicate with the computer. Eg: Operating system. Application Software: Programs that allow the user to do specific tasks. Eg: Spreadsheets, presentations, Etc. Q.3) List the common internal hardware devices. Ans: a) The motherboard b) Random Access Memory c) Read Only Memory d) Video Cards e) Sound Cards f) Internal Hard disk drive / Solid State drive Q.4) Name two internal storage devices. Ans: a) Hard Disk Drive b) Solid State Drive Q.5) List the types of application software Ans: a) Word processor b) Spreadsheet c) Database d) Control and measuring software e) Apps f) Photo editing software g) Video editing software h) Graphics manipulation software Chapter 1 - Types & Components of Computer System Page 1 of 7
2 Q.6) What is a word processor? Ans: Word processing software is used to manipulate text documents. Text is entered using a keyboard and the software provides tools for copying, deleting and formatting. Q.7) Give the functions of a word processor. Ans: a) Creating, editing, saving and manipulating text. b) Copy and paste functions. c) Spell checkers and thesaurus. d) Importing photos / images into structured page format. e) Translation into other languages Q.8) What is a spreadsheet? Ans: Spreadsheet is an application software used to organize and manipulate numerical data. Numbers are organized into rows and columns, which are made of cells. Each cell is identified by the column name and row number. Q.9) Give the functions of a spreadsheet. Ans: a) Use of formulas to carry out calculations. b) Produce graphs. c) Ability to do modelling and what if calculations. Q.10) What is a database? Ans: Database software is used to organize, manipulate and analyse data. A typical database is made up of one or more tables. Tables store data in the form of rows and columns. Each row is called a record and each column is called a field. Q.11) What are the functions of a database? Ans: a) Ability to carry out queries and produce reports. b) Add, delete and modify data in a table. Q.12) What is a control and measuring software? Ans: Control and measuring software is designed to allow a computer or microprocessor to interface with sensors to measure physical quantities like temperature, control applications by comparing sensor data with stored data and send out signals. Q.13) What are apps? Ans: Apps or applications refers to software that runs on mobile phones or tablets. They are usually downloaded from an App Store and range from games to complicated software like phone banking. Chapter 1 - Types & Components of Computer System Page 2 of 7
3 Q.14) Give some common examples of apps. Ans: a) Video and music streaming. b) GPS Global positioning system using satellite navigation Q.15) What is meant by a photo editing software? Ans: Photo editing software allows a user to manipulate digital photographs stored on a computer. These softwares allow complex manipulation of photos, removal of unwanted items and touch up to make a perfect picture. Q.16) What is a video editing software? Ans: A video editing software allows a user to manipulate videos to produce an edited video. It enables the addition of titles, colour correction and altering / adding sound to the original video. Q.17) What is meant by Graphics manipulation software? Ans: Graphics manipulation software allows to change digital images. The type of editing software used depends on the format of the original image. Q.18) What are the types of digital images? Ans: Bitmap images and vector images Q.19) Differentiate between bitmap and vector images. Ans: Bitmap images are made up of pixels that contain information about image brightness and colour. They can change the pixels to produce different images. Vector images do not use pixels, they manipulate lines, curves and text to alter the stored image as required. Q.20) What are the types of system software? Ans: a) Compilers b) Linkers c) Device drivers d) Operating Systems e) Utilities Q.21) Explain compiler. Ans: A compiler is a computer program that translates a program written in a High-levellanguage (HLL) into Low level language or machine code. The original program is called the source code and the code after compilation is called the object code. Q.22) What is a linker? Ans: A linker is a computer program that takes one or more object files produced by a compiler and combines them into a single program that can be run on a computer. Chapter 1 - Types & Components of Computer System Page 3 of 7
4 Q.23) What is a device driver? Ans: A device driver is a software that enables one or more hardware devices to communicate with the operating system of a computer. All hardware devices connected to a computer have associated drivers. Q.24) What are utilities? Ans: Utility programs are system software that carry out specific tasks on a computer. They help to manage, maintain and control computer resources. Q.25) Give examples of utility software (utilities). Ans: a) Antivirus b) Anti-spyware c) Backup of files d) Disk repair e) File management f) Security g) Screensavers h) Disk defragmenter Q.26) What is an Operating System? Ans: Operating system is a system software that runs in the background of a computer system. It manages basic functions of a computer system and allows users to communicate with the computer system. Q.27) What is a motherboard? Ans: The motherboard is a printed circuit board found in all computers. It allows the processor and other computer hardware to function and communicate with each other. It consists of a sheet of non-conductive material like hard plastic. Thin layers of Copper or Aluminium are printed to this sheet. These layers form the circuits between the various components. 1.2 Main Components of Computer System. Q.1) Which are the main internal hardware components of a computer system? Ans: a) The Central Processing Unit or the microprocessor. b) Internal Hard Disk drive. c) Random Access Memory d) Read Only Memory Chapter 1 - Types & Components of Computer System Page 4 of 7
5 e) The Motherboard f) Video card g) Sound card Q.2) Examples of input, output and secondary storage devices. Ans: DEVICES Examples Input devices Keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, microphone. Output devices Monitor, printer, speaker, multimedia projector. Secondary storage devices Hard disk drive, DVD drive Q.3) Differentiate between RAM and ROM. Ans: RAM 1. RAM stands for Random Access Memory. 2. It is an internal chip where data is stored temporarily. 3. This memory can be written to and read from. 4. The contents are lost when the computer is turned off. 5. They are known as volatile memory 6. RAM stores data, files or part of operating system currently in use. ROM 1. ROM stands for Read Only Memory. 2. Memory that stores information permanent. 3. This memory can only be read from and cannot be changed. 4. The information stored on ROM is not lost even when the computer is off. 5. They are known as non-volatile memory 6. ROM stores configuration data for a computer system Q.4) What are the main components of a computer system? Ans: A computer system is made up of hardware and software. The physical components are: Input devices (Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone) Output devices (monitor, printer, speaker, projector) Processor and internal memory devices. - Central processing unit (CPU) - Internal hard disk - Random Access Memory (RAM) - Read Only Memory (ROM) Secondary storage devices (DVD r/w drive, removable hard drive) Chapter 1 - Types & Components of Computer System Page 5 of 7
6 Q.5) Describe the CPU. Ans: The CPU is the part of the computer which interprets and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software. CPUs were made up of discrete components and numerous small integrated circuits. CPU is also known as microprocessor. The CPU is made up of A control unit that controls the input and output devices. ALU Arithmetic and Logic Unit which carries out calculations and makes logical decisions. Memory the immediate access storage RAM Q.6) What is internal hard drive?. Ans: The internal hard drive is the computer s main memory, where the applications software, operating system and data files are stored. The data transfer, access time is faster and they have a large storage capacity. Q.7) What is booting? Ans: Starting up the computer is known as booting. ROM also contains some coding known as the boot file. This code tells the computer what to do when it finds start up, it is often referred to as the BIOS (Basic input/output system). Q.8) What is BIOS? Ans: BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. It is a program code stored on a ROM chip. The BIOS is used during computer start up. When the comp is turned on, the BIOS carries out hardware check to find out if the devices are connected and whether they re functional. Then it loads the operating system into RAM. Q.9) What is CMOS? Ans: CMOS stands for complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. It s a battery powered non-volatile chip in which BIOS stores the date, time and system configuration. Q.10) What are the tasks (functions) of an operating system?. Ans: The general tasks of an operating system includes a) Control the operating of input, output and backing storage devices. b) Control the loading, running and storage of application programs. c) Deal with errors that occur in application programs d) Maintain security of the whole computer system. e) Maintain a computer log (detail of computer usage) Chapter 1 - Types & Components of Computer System Page 6 of 7
7 f) Acts as user interface (allow communication between users and computer) Q.11) What are the types of user interfaces?. Ans: There are several types of user interfaces: Command line interface (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) Q.12) What are the differences between Command line interface (CLI) and Graphical user Interface (GUI) Ans: Refer Textbook : Table 1.2 on page Types of Computer Q.1) Explain the different types of computer systems: Ans: a) PC/Desktop computers: They are general purpose computer made of separate mouse, keyboard, monitor and processor units. b) Laptop computers : Laptop on notebook is a type of computer where the monitor, keyboard, pointing device and processor are together on a single unit c) Notebooks : They are a smaller version of laptops and can almost fit onto a hand. They are also called palmtop computers. d) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) : They are small handheld computers that usually come with a touch screen and can be activated using a stylus. e) Mainframe computers: They are large, very powerful computers. Used to run complex applications Q.2) Give the features of mainframe computers. Ans: Refer textbook, page no 14 Q.3) Explain Artificial Intelligence and its applications. Ans: Refer textbook, page no 15 Q.4) What are the applcations of Robotics. Ans: Refer textbook, page no 16 Chapter 1 - Types & Components of Computer System Page 7 of 7
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