AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures
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1 Workshop and Exhibition on MPEG AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures Markus Flierl Telecommunications Laboratory University of Erlangen-Nuremberg mflierl@stanford.edu Bernd Girod Information Systems Laboratory Stanford University bgirod@stanford.edu
2 Classic B Pictures time current frame Linear combination of 2 motion-compensated signals Chosen from 2 fix reference pictures B pictures are not used as reference pictures WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 1
3 Multiframe Motion Compensation time current frame ITU-T Rec. H.263 Annex U - Enhanced Reference Picture Selection Select one prediction signal from the reference frame buffer Reference frame buffer contains previously decoded pictures WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 2
4 Multihypothesis Multiframe Motion Compensation time current frame Select more than one prediction signal from the reference frame buffer Average the prediction signals Reference frame buffer contains previously decoded pictures Multihypothesis pictures are used as reference pictures WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 3
5 Overview AVC/H.264 Motion Compensation Bi-directional prediction mode Multihypothesis prediction mode Two combined forward prediction signals AVC/H.264 Entropy coding Current joint committee draft WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 4
6 AVC/H.264 Motion Compensation Picture reference parameter per macroblock Block size data Motion vector data 15 WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 5
7 Bi-Directional Prediction Mode P B P B P A bi-directional prediction mode allows a linear combination of one past and one subsequent macroblock prediction signal. WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 6
8 Multihypothesis Prediction Mode P B P B P The multihypothesis mode allows additionally a linear combination of two past macroblock prediction signals. WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 7
9 Motion Estimation for Bi-Directional Prediction Method 1: Independent Estimation Multiframe motion estimation for each prediction signal independent of the complementary signal Low computational complexity Method 2: Joint Estimation Iterative algorithm with conditional multiframe motion estimation Improved prediction performance WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 8
10 Multihypothesis Motion Estimation Iterative Algorithm: Conditional rate-constrained motion estimation Determines conditional optimal hypothesis (= picture reference parameter, block size type, and motion vector data) Converges practically after 2 iterations average number of iterations Mobile & Calendar CIF, 30 fps, M = QP WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 9
11 PSNR Y B Performance Comparison I 5 prior + 1 subseq. ref. pic., bi directional mode 5 prior + 3 subseq. ref. pic., bi directional mode 5 prior + 3 subseq. ref. pic., multihypothesis mode R B [kbit/frame] IBBPBBP... QP B = QP P B picture performance for the CIF sequence Mobile & Calendar, 30fps Multihypothesis mode outperforms bi-directional mode WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 10
12 PSNR Y B [db] Performance Comparison II 5 prior + 1 subseq. ref. pic., bi dir. mode, indep. 5 prior + 3 subseq. ref. pic., bi dir. mode, indep. 5 prior + 3 subseq. ref. pic., bi dir. mode, joint 5 prior + 3 subseq. ref. pic., multihypothesis mode R B [kbit/frame] IBBPBBP... QP B = QP P B picture performance for the CIF sequence Mobile & Calendar, 30fps Multihypothesis mode is more general than bi-directional mode WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 11
13 Two Combined Forward Prediction Signals I B B B B Generalized B pictures with forward-only prediction Use generalized B pictures like P pictures and allow only forward prediction for the multihypothesis mode. WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 12
14 Two Combined Forward Prediction Signals II IPPP... IBBB % R [kbit/s] % number of reference frames M Avg. bit-rate at 35 db PSNR for the CIF sequence Mobile & Calendar, 30fps A large reference frame buffer improves performance of generalized B pictures. WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 13
15 AVC/H.264 Entropy Coding Draft standard permits two entropy coding schemes: Universal Variable Length Coding (UVLC) Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) For UVLC, the motion vectors are encoded independently CABAC allows a context model which considers the motion vector of the complementary prediction signal Multihypothesis prediction mode and CABAC can be successfully combined WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 14
16 PSNR Y B [db] AVC/H.264 Entropy Coding Results UVLC, bi directional mode UVLC, multihypothesis mode CABAC, bi directional mode CABAC, multihypothesis mode R B [kbit/frame] IBBPBBP... Reference frames: 5past 3 future QP B = QP P +2 B picture performance for the CIF sequence Flowergarden, 30fps Efficient entropy coding improves performance of generalized B pictures. WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 15
17 Current Joint Committee Draft Generalized B pictures in AVC/H.264 main profile B pictures can be reference for other B pictures in decodingsequence-order Two reference frame buffers that are conceptually separate Bi-predictive mode uses the two buffers such that each prediction signal is chosen from its reference frame buffer The two reference frame buffer may share the same pictures (dependent on the reference frame buffer control) and consequently permit multihypothesis prediction WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 16
18 Summary and Conclusions Generalized B pictures differentiate between picture reference selection and linearly combined prediction signals Bi-predictive mode is more general than the bi-directional mode Two reference buffers allow multiframe prediction for each motion-compensated signal Multihypothesis prediction benefits from efficient entropy coding with context-based binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) WEMP Markus Flierl, AVC/H.264 Generalized B Pictures 17
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