A Brand New Wireless Day The Second Decade of BWRC

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1 A Brand New Wireless Day The Second Decade of BWRC BEARS 2009, February 12, 2008 Jan M. Rabaey, E. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. Brodersen Scientific Co-Directors Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) University of California at Berkeley

2 10 Years of BWRC

3 A Decade of Impact Ultra-low Power Wireless 60 GHz CMOS Wireless Real-time Prototyping Cognitive Radio Pulse-Based UWB Start-up companies, numerous best paper awards, alumni s as leaders in the wireless industry and academia

4 BWRC Quo Vadis? Growth of Wireless to Continue Unabatedly! EE Times, January 07, Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN) 7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017 (Source: WWRF) 1000 wireless devices per person? [Courtesy: Niko Kiukkonen, Nokia]

5 The Emerging IT Platform Infrastructional core Sensory swarm Mobile access

6 The Birth of Societal IT Systems*: Looking Beyond the Devices Complex collections of sensors, controllers, compute and storage nodes, and actuators that work together to improve our daily lives *Also known as SiS

7 Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

8 Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

9 7 trillion radios quickly run out of spectrum Wireless is notoriously unreliable Heterogeneity causes incompatibilities Most devices energy-constrained

10 Imagine a Different World IEEE Proceedings, July 2008 How would you build your wireless network?

11 The Aether-Plug A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage? The fundamental problem of wireless: Forced interaction Scarcity of spectrum and energy resources Space WL 1 Tech A Tech B WL 2 Tech C Wireless Today! WL 3

Combat interference through better utilization of resources Pro-active

12 The Aether-Plug A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage? Combat interference through better utilization of resources Pro-active coexistence Collaboration A Transformative Deployment Model : Spectrum as a Dynamically Tradable Commodity The Connectivity-Brokerage Model

13 Pro-active Coexistence to EnableDynamic Spectrum Allocation PU 1 PU 3 PSD PU 2 PU 4 First Experiment in Cognitive: TV 700 MHz (IEEE ) Frequency Sense spectral environment over wide bandwidth Reliably detect primary users and/or interferers Rules of sharing available resources Flexibility to adjust to changing circumstances Configurable array RF RF RF Sensor(s) Optimizer Reconfigurable Baseband Cognitive terminal

14 The Power of COLLABORATION Conventional mindset: Services compete! Adding terminals degrades user capacity Multi-hop mesh Working together leads to better capacity, coverage, efficiency and/or reliability Collaborative MIMO Goal: Linear improvement in capacity with the number of users (Gupta/Kumar, Leveque/Tse)

Connective Brokerage: Making Coexistence and Collaboration Work Functional entity that enables collection of terminals to transparently connect to backbone network or each other to perform set of

15 Connective Brokerage: Making Coexistence and Collaboration Work Functional entity that enables collection of terminals to transparently connect to backbone network or each other to perform set of services Space WL 1,2,3 Broker Policies, Models Repository Tech A Tech B Tech C Multi-disciplinary project Proposed as NSF Expedition In collaboration with business school, providers and regulators A Technical as well as Economic Proposition

16 Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

17 Ever Higher-Data Rates 60 GHz Offers Plenty of Free Spectrum, but Restricted to Room Size Takes Watts Gigabits/sec for Mobiles? Energy-Efficient 60 GHz Personal Area Networking Single-carrier LOS Single-carrier Beamforming Relaying and Distributed MIMO

18 Prototype 60 GHz LOS Transceiver Simple modulation (2 PAM) High bandwidth Low complexity high-speed analog Low speed digital control/calibration 170mW TX mode; 138mW RX

19 Collaborative Wafer-Scale Radio 1000s of radios and antennas on single or a stack of wafers Communication channels configurable in range and capacity Unprecedented opportunities in imaging Challenges On-chip antennas with high efficiency High-speed back-bone communication link Wide-area synchronization for collaborative communications

20 Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True

21 The Sensory Swarm Adding senses to the Internet Disappearing electronics Low-cost Miniature size Self-contained from energy perspective UCB mm 3 radio True Immersion UCB PicoCube Still out of reach

22 Example: Microscopic Wireless to Power Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) The Age of Neuroscience BMI The Instrumentation of Neuroscience Learning about operation of the brain Enabling advanced prosthetics Enabling innovative human-machine interfaces mm 3 nodes remotely powered uws to 1 mw power budget

integration of innovative technologies Passive MEMS Components Provide Selectivity at ULP

23 Rethinking the Meaning of Scaling Traditional scaling rules have minor impact in Mobile and Sensory Swarm Exponentially increasing number of (ultra-)small components Driven by heterogeneous integration of innovative technologies Passive MEMS Components Provide Selectivity at ULP [Courtesy: N. Pletcher, UCB] Relay-Based Logic Courtesy: E. Alon, UCB] Mechanical Computing [Courtesy: C. Nguyen, UCB]

24 In Summary

A Brand New Wireless Day What does it mean for design technology?

A Brand New Wireless Day What does it mean for design technology? ASPDAC 08, Seoul Jan M. Rabaey, Donald O. Pederson Distinguished Professor Director Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC) Scientific