Acknowledgments Introduction p. 1 Brief History of Information Storage Technology p. 2 Early Storage Technologies p. 2 Storage of Sound p.

Transcription

1 Preface p. xix Acknowledgments p. xxi Introduction p. 1 Brief History of Information Storage Technology p. 2 Early Storage Technologies p. 2 Storage of Sound p. 3 Computer Data Storage p. 5 Basic Concepts p. 7 The Modern Computer p. 8 Memory and Storage p. 10 Binary System p. 11 Bits, Bytes, and Beyond p. 13 Storage Capacity Definitions p. 15 Digital and Analog Signals p. 15 Analog versus Digital p. 15 Analog-to-Digital Conversion p. 20 Data Sampling and Undersampling p. 21 Anti-Aliasing Filter Design p. 22 Data Quantization and Encoding p. 23 Data Transmission p. 24 Error Detection and Correction p. 26 Appendix p. 28 Computer Interfaces p. 29 Introduction p. 30 Interface Speed Summary p. 31 Data Transmission: Serial versus Parallel p. 32 Serial Interface p. 33 Parallel Interface p. 34 IDE, EIDE, UDAM or ATA, and ATAPI p. 35 ATA-2 (or Fast ATA or EIDE [Enhanced IDE]) p. 37 Apple-ATA p. 37 ATA-3 (or Fast ATA or EIDE [Enhanced IDE]) p. 37 ATAPI p. 37 ATA/ATAPI-4 (Ultra ATA, UDMA, or ATA-33) p. 38 ATA/ATAPI-5 (or ATA-66, Ultra ATA-66, or Ultra DMA-66) p. 38 ATA/ATAPI-6 (or ATA-100 or Ultra ATA-100) p. 38 The Future of ATA p. 41 PC Card Interface (Former Pcmcia) p. 41 Universal Serial Bus (USB) p. 42 USB Hubs p. 44 Connectors and Cables p. 45

2 USB OS Support p. 46 USB 2.0 p. 46 USB versus Serial and Parallel Interface p. 47 IEEE 1394 Firewire p. 47 Basic Architecture p. 49 Basic Design p. 50 USB 1.1 versus IEEE 1394 FireWire p. 53 Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) p. 55 Initiator and Target p. 55 SCSI-1 p. 56 SCSI-2 p. 56 SCSI-3 p. 57 Single-Ended and Differential SCSI p. 58 Termination p. 59 SCSI versus IDE/ATA p. 59 SCSI versus USB and IEEE 1394 FireWire p. 60 Future of SCSI p. 60 Fibre Channel-Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL) p. 62 Basic Terms p. 63 Topology: Point-to-Point Connection p. 63 Arbitrated Loop p. 63 Fabric p. 65 FC Architecture p. 66 Frames p. 67 Cables and Connectors p. 68 FC Summary p. 69 SSA (Serial Storage Architecture) p. 69 Interface Summary p. 70 Magnetic Recording Storage Systems p. 71 Introduction p. 72 Basic Principles of Magnetic Recording p. 74 Magnetic Materials and Hysteresis Loop p. 74 Density of Recording p. 77 Reading Data with Inductive Heads p. 78 Data Reading: Magnetoresistive (MR) Heads p. 80 Recording or Writing Data p. 81 Data Encoding p. 83 PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) p. 88 Limits of Magnetic Recording: Superparamagnetism p. 88 Hard Disk Drive p. 90 Introduction p. 90

3 Drive Manufacturers p. 91 HDD Technology p. 92 Basic Drive Design p. 94 Physical Drive Dimensions and Performance p. 99 Basic Drive Concepts p. 100 Formatting p. 103 File System p. 104 Drive Interface p. 105 Drive Capacity Choice p. 105 Drive's RPM: The Need for Speed p. 106 Drive Installation p. 108 Understanding the HDD Specification p. 111 Removable Magnetic Storage p. 114 Floppy Disk 1.44 MB p. 114 HiFD 1.44/200 MB p. 117 Superdisk (LS-120) 1.44/120 MB p. 119 Zip Drive 100/250 MB p. 120 Jaz Drive p. 124 Orb Drive p. 126 Iomega Clikl 40 MB Drives p. 128 External Hard Disk Drives p. 129 Summary p. 132 Magnetic Storage on Tape p. 133 Introduction p. 133 Brief History of Magnetic Tape Storage p. 134 Tape Storage Technology p. 136 Tape Media Technology p. 137 Popular Tape Storage Technologies p. 140 Summary p. 155 Optical Storage p. 157 Introduction p. 158 The History of Optical Storage p. 158 Basic Optics for Optical Storage Systems p. 159 Lens and Light Focusing p. 162 Diffraction Grating p. 163 Light Polarization p. 164 Beam-splitter p. 165 Light Collimator p. 165 The Laser Diode p. 165 Detector Arrays p. 166 Limitations of the Optical Data Storage p. 167

4 Compact Disc (CD) p. 168 Introduction p. 168 CD: Basic Design p. 169 Data Encoding p. 172 Making a CD p. 174 Spin Rates and Data Transfer Rate p. 176 Interfaces p. 177 TrueX Multibeam CD/DVD Technology p. 177 Recordable CD (CD-R) p. 178 ReWritable CD (CD-RW) p. 180 CD Performance Comparison p. 182 Understanding the CD Drive's Specifications p. 183 DVD p. 187 Introduction p. 187 DVD Formats p. 189 DVD Configurations and Basic Design p. 189 DVD-R and DVD-RW or RAM p. 192 DVD-ROM p. 194 DVD-Video and DVD-Audio p. 194 Red Laser versus Blue Laser p. 196 Performance Comparison p. 196 Understanding the DVD Drive Specification p. 198 Magneto-Optical Storage Systems p. 201 Introduction p. 202 Basics of Mo Recording p. 206 Basics of Mo Reading p. 208 Mo System: Basic Design p. 209 Direct Overwrite (DOW) p. 211 Magnetically Induced Super Resolution (MSR) p. 212 Understanding Mo Drive Specifications p. 214 Nonvolatile Solid-State Memory p. 217 Introduction p. 218 Basics of Semiconductor Memory Technology p. 221 Semiconductors p. 221 Bipolar Junction Transistor p. 221 MOSFET (Meta-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) p. 223 Computer Random Access Memory (RAM) p. 225 DRAM (Dynamic RAM) p. 226 Cache p. 226 Level-1 Cache p. 227 Level-2 Cache p. 227

5 Computer Memory Chips p. 228 Flash Memory p. 229 Basics of Flash Memory Technology p. 230 Flash Memory Cards p. 232 Nor p. 233 Nand p. 234 Dinor (Divided Bit-Line Nor) p. 234 And p. 234 Flash Memory Card Formats p. 235 SmartMedia p. 236 CompactFlash p. 236 Miniature Card p. 237 Serial Flash Module p. 237 MultiMediaCard p. 238 Memory Stick p. 238 Solid-State Hard Disk Drives p. 239 Summary p. 241 New Applications of Storage Devices p. 243 MP3 Players p. 244 MP3 Player with Built-in Flash Memory and External SmartMedia Memory Card p. 245 MP3 Player with Memory Stick p. 246 MP3 Player with a Clik! p. 246 MP3 Player with Magnetic Hard Disk Drive p. 247 Mobile Phone/MP3 Player p. 247 Digital Camera/MP3 Player p. 248 Digital Cameras p. 248 Digital Camera with Solid-State Memory p. 249 Digital Camera with a Hard Disk Drive p. 250 Digital Camera in a Watch p. 250 Digital Camera with Multiple Recording Media p. 251 Digital Camera with a Memory Stick p. 251 Solid-State Memory-to-Floppy Disk Adapter p. 252 Digital Camera with a Clik! p. 253 Digital Camera with a CD-R p. 253 Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) p. 254 Palm Pilot VIIx p. 255 Sony CLIE with a Memory Stick p. 256 TRGpro with the CompactFlash Expansion Slot p. 257 HP Jornada 548: Powered by PocketPC OS p. 257 HP Jornada 720: Handheld PocketPC p. 258 Personal Video Recorder p. 259

6 Basic Design p. 259 Storage on the Web p. 263 Introduction p. 264 Internet Speed and Connections p. 265 Modems p. 265 Broadband Internet: xdsl p. 267 ADSL (Asymmetrical DSL) p. 269 Other DSL Technologies p. 270 What is Your Connection Speed? p. 271 Data Storage on the Web: Case Studies p. 271 On-line Backup p. 272 On-line Backup, Exchange, and Virtual Offices p. 272 SAN, NAS, and RAID Fundamentals p. 275 Storage Networking p. 276 Introduction p. 276 Fundamentals of NAS (Network Attached Storage) p. 280 Fundamentals of SAN (Storage Area Network) p. 281 SAN versus NAS p. 283 RAID (Redundant Array of Independent [or Inexpensive] Drives) p. 284 RAID Functions p. 285 RAID Levels p. 285 Data Availability p. 288 RAID Performance Characteristics p. 288 Hot-Spare Drives p. 289 Extended Data Availability and Protection (EDAP) p. 289 New RAID Classification p. 290 Data Loss and Recovery p. 293 Introduction: Why it Happens p. 294 Poor Handling p. 294 Manufacturing Defects p. 295 How to Prevent Data Loss p. 296 Software for Data Protection and Recovery p. 297 AntiVirus Software p. 297 Backup Software p. 298 Diagnostics, Analysis, and Recovery p. 299 What to Do if the Disaster Already Happened p. 301 Floppy Disks p. 302 Removable Media Magnetic Storage p. 303 Magnetic Hard Disk Drive p. 303 CD, CD-R, CD-RW, and DVD p. 305 Data Recovery Services p. 306

7 How to Choose or Upgrade your DVD, HDD, or CD-ROM p. 307 Interface p. 308 What is Interface? p. 308 What Kind of Interfaces are There? p. 308 What is My Interface of Choice? p. 308 Hard Disk Drive p. 309 What is the Hard Disk Drive? p. 309 Who are the Main Manufacturers of Hard Disk Drives? p. 309 What is the Price Range I Should be Looking For? p. 309 What HDD Interface Should I Choose: IDE, EIDE, ATA, UDMA, ATA-33, ATA-66, ATA-100, p. 310 SCSI, USB, Parallel, etc.? What are the Main Performance Parameters to Look For? p. 312 What Other Parameters Should I Consider before Buying a Drive? p. 312 How Many Drives Can I Install on My Computer? p. 313 Is There Any Capacity Limitation for the Drive? p. 313 Can I Use the Same Drive for Desktop and for Laptop Computers? p. 314 Removable Magnetic Storage p. 314 What is the Removable Magnetic Storage? p. 314 Who are the Main Manufacturers of Removable Magnetic Storage Devices? p. 315 What Type of Removable Magnetic Storage Should I Buy? p. 315 What is the Price Range I Should be Looking For? p. 315 What Interface Type Should I Select: ATAPI, SCSI, Parallel, USB, or FireWire? p. 316 What are the Main Performance Parameters to Look For? p. 316 What are Other Parameters Should I Consider? p. 316 Can I Use the Same Drive for Desktop and for Laptop Computers? p. 316 CD, CD-R, and CD-RW p. 316 What is CD, CD-R, and CD-RW? p. 316 Who are the Main Manufacturers of CD Drives? p. 317 What Type of CD Storage Should I Buy? p. 317 What is Spin Rate? p. 317 How to Understand the Markings of CD-ROM, CD-R, and CD-RW p. 318 What is the Price Range I Should be Looking For? p. 318 What Interface Should I Choose: ATAPI, SCSI, parallel, or USB? p. 318 Should I Buy Internal, External, Single-Disc, or Jukebox? p. 319 What are the Main Performance Parameters to Look For? p. 319 What Other Parameters Should I Consider before Buying the Drive? p. 319 How Many CD Drives Can I Install on My Computer? p. 319 Can I Use the Same CD Drive for Desktop and for Laptop Computers? p. 320 What is a DVD? p. 320 Who are the Main Manufacturers of DVD? p. 320 What Type of DVD Storage Should I Buy? p. 320 What is the Price Range I Should be Looking For? p. 321

8 What Interface Should I Choose: EIDE, SCSI, or FireWire? p. 321 What are the Main Performance Parameters to Look For? p. 322 What Other Parameters Should I Consider before Buying a DVD Drive? p. 322 How Many DVD Drives Can I Install on My Computer? p. 322 Can I Use the Same DVD Drive for Desktop and for Laptop Computers? p. 322 Magnetic Tape Drive p. 322 What is Magnetic Tape Storage? p. 322 What Type of Tape Storage Should I Look For? p. 323 Who are the Main Manufacturers of Tape Storage? p. 324 What is the Price Range I Should be Looking For? p. 324 What Interface Should I Choose: Parallel, Floppy, IDE/ATAPI, or SCSI p. 325 What are the Main Performance Parameters to Look For? p. 325 What Other Parameters Should I Consider Before Buying a Drive? p. 325 How Many Tape Drives Can I Install on My Computer? p. 326 Web Storage Alternatives p. 326 What is Web Storage? p. 326 Who are the Main Providers of Web Storage? p. 327 How do I Choose the Right Service Provider? p. 327 What is the Price Range I Should be Looking For? p. 327 What are the Main Performance Parameters to Look For? p. 327 Can I Access this Data from Another Computer or Another Location? p. 327 Glossary p. 329 References p. 349 Index p. 351 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.