Contents at a Glance COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Introduction...1 Part I: Becoming Familiar with Enterprise Linux...7

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1 Contents at a Glance Introduction...1 Part I: Becoming Familiar with Enterprise Linux...7 Chapter 1: Getting Acquainted with Enterprise Linux...9 Chapter 2: Exploring the Desktop...17 Chapter 3: Putting Your System to Work...41 Chapter 4: Exploring the File System and Command Shell...61 Part II: Configuring Your Enterprise Linux Local Area Network...83 Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing the X Window System...85 Chapter 6: Configuring and Managing Printers...97 Chapter 7: Configuring the Network Chapter 8: The Network File System Chapter 9: Connecting to Windows PCs Using Samba Part III: Securing Your Enterprise Linux System Chapter 10: Security Basics Chapter 11: Intrusion Detection and Prevention Part IV: Configuring Your Enterprise Linux Internet Services Chapter 12: Configuring and Managing DNS Servers Chapter 13: Configuring and Managing an Server Chapter 14: Configuring and Managing an FTP Server Chapter 15: Serving Web Pages COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Part V: Maintaining Your Enterprise Linux System Chapter 16: Maintaining Your System with the Red Hat Network Chapter 17: Administering Users and Groups Chapter 18: Installing and Upgrading Software Packages Chapter 19: Backing Up and Restoring Your Files...287

2 Part VI: The Part of Tens Chapter 20: Ten Tips for Optimizing Your System Chapter 21: Ten Troubleshooting and Problem-Solving Tips Part VII: Appendixes Appendix A: Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Appendix B: What s on the CD-ROM? Index...369

3 Table of Contents Introduction...1 About This Book...1 How This Book Is Organized...2 Part I: Becoming Familiar with Enterprise Linux...2 Part II: Configuring Your Enterprise Linux Local Area Network...3 Part III: Securing Your Enterprise Linux System...3 Part IV: Configuring Your Enterprise Linux Internet Services...3 Part V: Maintaining Your Enterprise Linux System...4 Part VI: The Part of Tens...4 Part VII: Appendixes...4 Icons Used in This Book...5 Typographical Roadsigns...5 Part I: Becoming Familiar with Enterprise Linux...7 Chapter 1: Getting Acquainted with Enterprise Linux Exploring the History of Enterprise Linux...9 Examining the Versions of Red Hat Enterprise...10 Red Hat Enterprise AS...11 Red Hat Enterprise ES...11 Red Hat Enterprise WS...12 Red Hat Desktop...12 Putting Enterprise Linux to Work...13 Configuring your local network...13 Using Enterprise Linux to maintain your system...14 Securing your system...14 Providing Internet services...15 Chapter 2: Exploring the Desktop Examining the Graphical Login Screen...17 Logging In and Using the GNOME Desktop...19 Playing with the panel...20 Managing applets on the panel...21 Choosing applications from the Applications menu...22 Choosing actions from the Actions menu...24 Using the Nautilus File Manager...25 Displaying your home folder...27 Displaying the contents of a folder...27 Opening files...27 Accessing FTP sites...28

4 x Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 For Dummies Using bookmarks...28 Managing your files and folders...29 Customizing the Nautilus File Manager...30 Editing File Manager preferences...31 Changing the File Manager background and icon emblems...32 Showing and hiding views...33 Configuring GNOME...33 Logging Out...34 Taking a Look at KDE...34 Managing applets...36 Choosing applications from the Applications menu...37 Using the Konqueror File Manager...39 Logging out...40 Chapter 3: Putting Your System to Work Getting Started...41 Browsing the Web...42 Changing Browser Preferences...44 Sending and Receiving Receiving Sending Working at the Office...49 Writing with OpenOffice.org Writer...50 Calculating with OpenOffice.org Calc...52 Impressing with OpenOffice.org Impress...53 Configuring OpenOffice.org...54 Keeping Yourself Entertained...55 Configuring your sound card...55 Playing audio files...56 Playing video files...57 Working with Images...58 Chapter 4: Exploring the File System and Command Shell Examining the Enterprise Linux File System Structure...61 Commanding the Shell...64 Opening a terminal window...64 Shell command syntax...66 Frequently Used Shell Commands...68 Getting help...68 Working with files and directories...69 Gaining superuser (root) privileges...78 Changing your system path...78 Mounting and unmounting drives...79 Viewing and stopping processes...80 Checking disk space...80 Creating an alias...81 Writing Shell Scripts...82

5 Table of Contents xi Part II: Configuring Your Enterprise Linux Local Area Network...83 Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing the X Window System Introducing the X Server...85 Configuring the X Server with the X Configuration Tool...86 Changing the display resolution...86 Changing the display color depth...87 Changing monitor type settings...88 Changing your video card type...89 Configuring dual monitors...90 Manually Configuring Your X Server from the X Configuration File...91 Device...91 Direct Rendering Infrastructure...92 Files...92 InputDevice...93 Module...93 Monitor...93 Screen...94 Restarting Your X Server...95 Disabling the X Server...95 Chapter 6: Configuring and Managing Printers Starting the Printer Configuration Tool...98 Configuring the print queue Selecting the print driver Editing the Printer Configuration Deleting a printer Setting the default printer Chapter 7: Configuring the Network The Enterprise Linux Network Configuration Tool Adding an Ethernet device Adding a wireless NIC Adding a modem connection Editing Your Network Configuration Removing a NIC Changing the NIC configuration Managing DNS settings Managing hosts Working with profiles Chapter 8: The Network File System Configuring and Managing an NFS Server Adding Shares to Export Editing and Deleting NFS Exported Shares...127

6 xii Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 For Dummies Command Line Configuration Configuring an NFS Client Mounting an NFS directory Mounting NFS directories automatically at system start Chapter 9: Connecting to Windows PCs Using Samba Installing Samba Configuring the Samba Server Global Homes Printers Creating Samba Users Starting the Samba Server Connecting to the Samba Server Connecting to a Samba Client Part III: Securing Your Enterprise Linux System Chapter 10: Security Basics Developing a Security Policy Physical security Document security Network security Consequences for breaking security policy Responsibility Performing a security audit Implementing Host Security System administrator security functions Keeping your system updated Implementing Network Security Defining Internet services Disabling standalone servers Stopping services Disabling xinetd server services Building a Firewall Configuring a simple firewall with the Security Level Configuration tool Configuring a simple firewall with the iptables command Chapter 11: Intrusion Detection and Prevention Discovering the Types of Intrusion Detection Active detection Passive detection Using Software Detection Tools to Test Your System Security Scanning your network with nmap Using Tripwire to detect system changes...171

7 Table of Contents xiii Part IV: Configuring Your Enterprise Linux Internet Services Chapter 12: Configuring and Managing DNS Servers Translating Web Names to IP Addresses Types of DNS Servers Examining the DNS Server Configuration Files The named.conf file Zone files Configuring a Caching DNS Server Configuring a Secondary Master DNS Server Configuring a Primary Master Server Checking Your Configuration The host program The dig program Chapter 13: Configuring and Managing an Server How Works Mail User Agent (MUA) The Ximian Evolution client Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) Local Delivery Agent (LDA) Introducing SMTP The Post Office Protocol (POP3) The Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP4) Using Sendmail Checking that Sendmail is installed and running Configuring Sendmail The m4 macro processor Managing the mail queue Configuring POP Configuring IMAP Setting up aliases to make life easier Maintaining Security Protecting against eavesdropping Using encryption Using a firewall Don t get bombed, spammed, or spoofed Some SMTP cautions Chapter 14: Configuring and Managing an FTP Server Installing an FTP Server Configuring an FTP Server Configuring the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf file Configuring the /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers file Configuring the /etc/vsftpd.user_list file...228

8 xiv Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 For Dummies Starting the FTP Server Testing the FTP Server Logging In to FTP Servers Using gftp for FTP access Accessing an FTP server with the command line FTP client Chapter 15: Serving Web Pages Installing and Starting the Web Server Configuring and Managing Your Web Server Editing the Apache Configuration File Using the HTTP Configuration Tool Main tab Virtual Hosts tab Server tab Performance Tuning tab Saving Your Settings and Restarting the Web Server Part V: Maintaining Your Enterprise Linux System Chapter 16: Maintaining Your System with the Red Hat Network Registering Your System Configuring the Up2date Agent Using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Up2date Agent Accessing the Red Hat Network with a Web Browser Chapter 17: Administering Users and Groups Working with Users and Groups Adding a new user Adding a new group Changing user properties Changing group properties Removing a user Restricting Disk Usage with Quotas Configuring disk quotas Obtaining disk quota statistics Chapter 18: Installing and Upgrading Software Packages Managing Packages with the Red Hat Package Manager Installing system packages Removing system packages Managing Applications from Binary rpm Files Installing binary rpm files Finding installed package files Removing installed packages Installing Applications from Compressed Zip Files...285

9 Table of Contents xv Chapter 19: Backing Up and Restoring Your Files Planning Your Backup Strategy Don t: Back up temp and cache files Maybe: Back up OS files Do: Back up database files and user files Selecting Your Backup Media Determining Your Backup Method Enterprise Linux Backup Tools Command line tools Advanced tools Part VI: The Part of Tens Chapter 20: Ten Tips for Optimizing Your System Optimizing the X Window System Optimizing NFS Optimizing Samba Optimizing DNS Optimizing Sendmail Optimizing FTP Optimizing Your Web Server Building a Custom Kernel Shutting Down Unused Services Administering Your System by Using Webmin Chapter 21: Ten Troubleshooting and Problem-Solving Tips Unable to Log In Resetting a user s password Creating a user account Lost or forgotten root password CD-ROM Drive Not Detected During Installation CD-ROM Drive Does Not Mount After Installation Sound Does Not Work After Installation Unable to Unmount a Drive System Hangs During Boot Unable to Access Network Hosts Making an Emergency Boot Disk Shell Commands Don t Work Sources of Additional Information...337

10 xvi Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 For Dummies Part VII: Appendixes Appendix A: Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Exploring Your PC s Components Processor Bus type Memory Video card and monitor Hard drive Floppy disk drive Keyboard and mouse SCSI controller CD-ROM drive Sound card Network card Checking for Supported Hardware Starting the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Partitioning the Hard Disk for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Configuring Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Configuring the boot loader Configuring the network Configuring the firewall Configuring additional languages Setting the time zone Setting the root password Selecting the package groups to install Completing the Installation Appendix B: What s on the CD-ROM? Index...369

RedHat Certified Engineer

RedHat Certified Engineer Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) is a performance-based test that measures actual competency on live systems. Called the "crown jewel of Linux certifications," RHCE proves an