Sistemas Operacionais I. Valeria Menezes Bastos

Transcription

1 Sistemas Operacionais I Valeria Menezes Bastos

2 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 1 Computer System Overview Eighth Edition By William Stallings

3 Summary Basic Elements Evolution of the microprocessor Instruction execution Interrupts Interrupts and the instruction cycle Interrupt processing Multiple interrupts The memory hierarchy Cache memory Motivation Cache principles Cache design Direct memory access Multiprocessor and multicore organization Symmetric multiprocessors Multicore computers

4 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 2 Operating System Overview Eighth Edition By William Stallings

5 Summary Operating system objectives and functions User/computer interface Resource manager Evolution of operating systems Serial processing Simple/multiprogrammed/timesharing batch systems Major achievements Developments leading to modern operating systems Fault tolerance Fundamental concepts Faults OS mechanisms OS design considerations for multiprocessor and multicore Microsoft Windows overview Traditional Unix systems History/description Modern Unix systems System V Release 4 (SVR4) BSD Solaris 10 Linux History Modular structure Kernel components Android Software/system architecture Activities Power management

6 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 3 Process Description and Control Eighth Edition By William Stallings

7 Summary What is a process? Background Processes and process control blocks Process states Two-state process model Creation and termination Five-state model Suspended processes Process description Operating system control structures Process control structures Process control Modes of execution Process creation Process switching Execution of the operating system Nonprocess kernel Execution within user processes Process-based operating system UNIX SVR4 process management Process states Process description Process control

8 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 4 Threads Eighth Edition By William Stallings

9 Summary Processes and threads Multithreading Thread functionality Types of threads User level and kernel level threads Multicore and multithreading Windows 8 process and thread management Changes in Windows 8 Windows process Process and thread objects Multithreading Thread states Support for OS subsystems Solaris thread and SMP management Multithreaded architecture Motivation Process structure Thread execution Interrupts as threads Linux process and thread management Tasks/threads/namespaces Android process and thread management Android applications Activities Processes and threads Mac OS X grand central dispatch

10 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 5 Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization Eighth Edition By William Stallings

11 Summary Principles of concurrency Race condition OS concerns Process interaction Requirements for mutual exclusion Mutual exclusion: hardware support Interrupt disabling Special machine instructions Semaphores Mutual exclusion Producer/consumer problem Implementation of semaphores Monitors Monitor with signal Alternate model of monitors with notify and broadcast Message passing Synchronization Addressing Message format Queueing discipline Mutual exclusion Readers/writers problem Readers have priority Writers have priority

12 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 6 Concurrency: Deadlock and Starvation Eighth Edition By William Stallings

13 Principles of deadlock Reusable/consumable resources Resource allocation graphs Conditions for deadlock Deadlock prevention Mutual exclusion Hold and wait No preemption Circular wait Deadlock avoidance Process initiation denial Resource allocation denial Deadlock detection Deadlock detection algorithm Recovery Android interprocess communication UNIX concurrency mechanisms Pipes Messages Shared memory Semaphores Signals Linux kernel concurrency mechanisms Atomic operations Spinlocks Semaphores Barriers Solaris thread synchronization primitives Mutual exclusion lock Semaphores Readers/writer lock Condition variables Windows 7 concurrency mechanisms

14 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 7 Memory Management Eighth Edition William Stallings

15 Summary Memory management requirements relocation protection sharing logical organization physical organization Paging Memory partitioning fixed partitioning dynamic partitioning buddy system relocation Segmentation

16 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 8 Virtual Memory Eighth Edition William Stallings

17 Summary Hardware and control structures Locality and virtual memory Paging Segmentation Combined paging and segmentation Protection and sharing OS software Fetch policy Placement policy Replacement policy Resident set management Cleaning policy Load control UNIX and Solaris memory management Paging system Kernel memory allocator Linux memory management Linux virtual memory Kernel memory allocation Windows memory management Windows virtual address map Windows paging Windows 8 swapping Android memory management

18 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 9 Uniprocessor Scheduling Eighth Edition By William Stallings

19 Summary Types of processor scheduling Long-term scheduling Medium-term scheduling Short-term scheduling Traditional UNIX scheduling Scheduling algorithms Short-term scheduling criteria The use of priorities Alternative scheduling policies Performance comparison Fair-share scheduling

20 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 10 Multiprocessor, Multicore and Real-Time Scheduling Eighth Edition By William Stallings

21 Summary Multiprocessor and multicore scheduling Granularity Design issues Process scheduling Multicore thread scheduling Linux scheduling Real-time scheduling Non-real-time scheduling UNIX SVR4 scheduling UNIX FreeBSD scheduling Priority classes SMP and multicore support Real-time scheduling Background Characteristics of real-time operating systems Real-time scheduling Deadline scheduling Rate monotonic scheduling Priority inversion Windows scheduling Process and thread priorities Multiprocessor scheduling

22 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 11 I/O Management and Disk Scheduling Eighth Edition By William Stallings

23 Summary I/O devices Organization of the I/O function The evolution of the I/O function Direct memory access Operating system design issues Design objectives Logical structure of the I/O function I/O Buffering Single buffer Double buffer Circular buffer Disk scheduling Disk performance parameters Disk scheduling policies Raid Raid levels 0 6 Disk cache Design and performance considerations UNIX SVR4 I/O Buffer cache Character queue Unbuffered I/O UNIX devices Linux I/O Disk scheduling Linux page cache Windows I/O Basic I/O facilities Asynchronous and Synchronous I/O Software RAID Volume shadow copies/encryption

24 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 12 File Management Eighth Edition By William Stallings

25 Summary File structure File management systems File organization and access The pile The sequential file The indexed sequential file The indexed file The direct or hashed file B-Trees File directories Contents Structure Naming File sharing Access rights Simultaneous access Record blocking Android file management File system SQLite Secondary storage management File allocation Free space management Volumes Reliability UNIX file management Inodes File allocation Directories Volume structure Linux virtual file system Superblock object Inode object Dentry object File object Caches Windows file system Key features of NTFS NTFS volume and file structure Recoverability

26 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 13 Embedded Operating Systems Eighth Edition By William Stallings

27 Summary Embedded systems Characteristics of embedded operating systems Adapting an existing commercial operating system Purpose-built embedded operating system TinyOS Wireless sensor networks TinyOS goals TinyOS components TinyOS scheduler TinyOS resource interface Embedded Linux Kernel size Compilation Embedded Linux file systems Advantages of embedded Linux Android

28 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 14 Virtual Machines Eighth Edition By William Stallings

29 Summary Approaches to virtualization Processor issues Memory management I/O management VMware ESXi Microsoft hyper-v and Xen variants Java VM Linux VServer virtual machine architecture architecture process scheduling Android virtual machine Dex file format Zygote

30 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 15 Operating System Security Eighth Edition By William Stallings

31 Summary Intruders and malicious software system access threats countermeasures Buffer overflow buffer overflow attacks compile time defenses runtime defenses Access control file system access control access control policies UNIX access control traditional UNIX file access control access control lists in UNIX Operating systems hardening OS installation: initial setup and patching remove unnecessary services, application, and protocols configure users, groups and authentication install additional security controls test the system security Security maintenance logging data backup and archive Windows security access control scheme access token security descriptors

32 Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 16 Distributed Processing, Client/Server, and Clusters Eighth Edition By William Stallings

33 Summary Client/server computing What is client/server computing? Client/server applications Middleware Distributed message passing Reliability versus unreliability Blocking versus nonblocking Windows cluster server Beowulf and Linux clusters Beowulf features Beowulf software Remote procedure calls Parameter passing Parameter representation Client/server binding Synchronous versus asynchronous Object-oriented mechanisms Clusters Cluster configurations Operating system design issues Cluster computer architecture Clusters compared to SMP

34 Bibliografy Livro texto: Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles (8th Edition) William Stallings

35 Complementary Bibliografy

36 Rating Criteria 3 Group Works (W) Final Test (FT) - if the grade is under 7,0 Partial Average (PA) = W3*(1/(1+exp(-((W1+W2)/2-3.5)))) Correction factor Average (A): PA 7,0 Factor Final Average (FA): FA = 0.6 * A * FT Correction curve W