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1 Archives Gather and compress Campus-Booster ID : **XXXXX Copyright SUPINFO. All rights reserved

2 Archives Your trainer Presenter s Name Title: **Enter title or job role. Accomplishments: **What makes the presenter qualified to present this course. Education: **List degrees if important. Publications: **Writings by the presenter on the subject of the course or presentation. Contact: **Campus-Booster ID: presenter@supinfo.com

3 Archives Course objectives By completing this course, you will: n Archive vs Compress. Know to explain the difference. n Use tarballs and cpio archives. Create and work with them. n (Un)Compress files. Using gzip and bzip2.

4 Archives Course topics Course s plan: n Archives and compression. What s the difference? n Working with archives. Tarballs and friends. n Standalone compression. Compress single files. n Related tools. Using zless, zcat, and bzip2 counterparts.

5 Archives Archives and Compression What s the difference?

6 Archives and Compression Archives Two files, one archive n File format n Metadata on content n Gather multiple files in one n Not necessary compressed n Backup tapes/disks n Multi-volumes

7 Archives and Compression Compression Reducing size n Mathematical algorithms n Non-destructive n Same amount of information n Less space n Reversible: Consume CPU time n Destructive n Removes irrelevant data

8 Archives and Compression Compressed archives Putting it all together. n Applying compression on n Whole archive n Individual portions (files) within archive n Most common form of archives n *.zip n *.rar n *.tar.bz2 n *.tar.gz

9 Archives and Compression Part 1 Stop-and-think Do you have any questions?

10 Archives Working with tar And tarballs

11 Working with tar What s tar Know your tools. n Seasoned archiver n Widely used n De facto standard n Received many improvements n User friendly n Can handle files by itself n Can chain-up to a compression tool n

12 Working with tar Listing n To list a gzip ed archive content: [user@linux ~]$ tar -tvzf archive.tar.gz n Short form: [user@linux ~]$ tar -tf archive.tar.gz n Options : n -v: verbose mode n -z: to compress or decompress *.gz n -j: to compress or decompress *.bz2 n -f: specify the archive to work on

13 Working with tar Extracting n To extract a bzip ed archive in the current directory: [user@linux ~]$ tar -xvjf archive.tar.bz2 n Short form: [user@linux ~]$ tar -xf archive.tar.bz2 n Options : n -x: extract mode n -C: Extract to a specified directory

14 Working with tar Creating n To a archive a directory: [user@linux ~]$ tar -cvzf archive.tar.gz directory n To archive several elements: [user@linux ~]$ tar -cvzf archive.tar.gz d1 d2 f1 f2 n Options : n -v: verbose mode n -c: to create an archive

15 Working with tar Part 2 Stop-and-think Do you have any questions?

16 Working with tar Part 2 Stop-and-think Tar switches: Who s doing what? -c -x -f -C -t Archive file Create mode Extract mode Listing mode Extract to

17 Working with tar Part 2 Stop-and-think Tar switches: Who s who? -c -x -f -C -t Archive file Create mode Extract mode Listing mode Extract to

18 Archives Working with cpio Good ol times

19 Working with cpio What s cpio Know your tools. n Very old tool n One of the first archive tool n Superseded by tar n Still used for specific tasks n Very Unixish n Doesn t directly read archives n Need to be fed in n Standard streams

20 Working with cpio Listing n To list a cpio archive content: [user@linux ~]$ cpio it < archive.cpio n Or: [user@linux ~]$ cat archive.cpio cpio -it n Options : n -i: input mode (cpio expects archive data on STDIN) n -t: listing mode

21 Working with cpio Extracting n To extract a cpio archive: [user@linux ~]$ cpio id < archive.cpio n Or: [user@linux ~]$ cat archive.cpio cpio -id n Options : n -d: extracting mode

22 Working with cpio Creating n To archive the current directory content: [user@linux ~]$ find cpio ov > archive.cpio n To archive /home: [user@linux ~]$ find /home cpio ov > archive.cpio n Options : n -o: Ouput mode (cpio expects filenames on STDIN and writes archive data on STDOUT) n -v: Verbose mode

23 Working with cpio Part 3 Stop-and-think Do you have any questions?

24 Working with cpio Part 3 Stop-and-think About cpio: In copy-in mode (-i), cpio does: Pick correct answers: Read filenames on STDIN Write archive data on STDOUT Reads archive data on STDIN Write information on STDOUT

25 Working with cpio Part 3 Stop-and-think About cpio: In copy-in mode (-i), cpio does: Pick correct answers: Read filenames on STDIN Write archive data on STDOUT Reads archive data on STDIN Write information on STDOUT

26 Working with cpio Part 3 Stop-and-think About cpio: In copy-out mode (-o), cpio does: Pick correct answers: Read filenames on STDIN Write archive data on STDOUT Reads archive data on STDIN Write information on STDOUT

27 Working with cpio Part 3 Stop-and-think About cpio: In copy-in mode (-i), cpio does: Pick correct answers: Read filenames on STDIN Write archive data on STDOUT Reads archive data on STDIN Write information on STDOUT

28 Archives Standalone Compression Compress single files

29 Standalone comression Bzip and bzip2 Know your tools. n Both n Pay attention to file extensions n Delete original when compressing/ uncompressing n Gzip vs bzip2 n Bz2 better but significantly slower n Go for size with bz2 n Go for speed with gz

30 Standalone compression (Un)Compress with gzip n To compress a file: [user@linux ~]$ gzip file n Options: n -# 1..9: Compression level n 1 faster, 9 best. Default 6 n To uncompress a file: [user@linux ~]$ gzip -d file.gz [user@linux ~]$ gunzip file.gz

31 Standalone compression (Un)Compress with bzip2 n To compress a file: [user@linux ~]$ bzip2 file n Options: n -# 1..9: Compression level n 1 faster, 9 best. Default 6 n To uncompress a file: [user@linux ~]$ bzip2 -d file.bz2 [user@linux ~]$ bunzip2 file.bz2

32 Standalone compression Part 4 Stop-and-think Do you have any questions?

33 Archives Related tools Dodgin the extension filter

34 Related tools Toolbox Implicit uncompress. n Very handy n Bypass extension filter n Keep source intact n Gz and bz2 versions n Automated scripts n (bz z)cat n (bz z)less n Use redirections

35 Standalone compression (bz z)cat n To cat a file: n To STDOUT [user@linux ~]$ zcat /proc/config.gz n Or to a file [user@linux ~]$ zcat /proc/config.gz > kconfig n With a bzip ed file that doesn t have the proper ext. [user@linux ~]$ bzcat file

36 Standalone compression (bz z)less n To see a file: n Without explicit uncompress [user@linux ~]$ zless /proc/config.gz n Keeping the original (compressed) safe : [user@linux ~]$ zless my-text-file.gz n With a bzip ed file that doesn t have the proper ext. [user@linux ~]$ bzless bziped-text-file

37 Standalone compression Stop-and-think Do you have any questions?

38 Archives Course summary Standalone compression Archive vs Compression Related tools Tar archives Cpio archives

39 Archives For more If you want to go into these subjects more deeply, Publications Courses Linux Technologies: Edge Computing Linux in a nutshell Web sites Conferences FOSDEM RMLL Solutions Linux

40 Congratulations You have successfully completed the SUPINFO course module n 04 Archives

41 Archives The end n Don t bother with z or j: tar is smart enough to guess n Go bzip2 for size and gzip for speed

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