VISHVESHWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY S.D.M COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY. A seminar report on SYMBIAN OPERATING SYSTEM

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1 VISHVESHWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY S.D.M COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY A seminar report on SYMBIAN OPERATING SYSTEM Submitted by ASHWIN RAO S A 2SD05CS008 8 th semester DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1

2 VISHVESHWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY S.D.M COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE CERTIFICATE Certified that the seminar work entitled SYMBIAN OPERATING SYSTEM is a bonafide work presented by ASHWIN RAO S A bearing USN NO 2SD05CS008 in a partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in COMPUTER SCIENCE of the Vishveshwaraiah Technological University, Belgaum during the year The seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to seminar work presented for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree. Staff in charge H.O.D CSE Name: ASHWIN RAO S A USN:2SD05CS008 2

3 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. MOBILE PHONE PLATFORMS 4 3. HARDWARE INTERFACES 6 4. SYMBIAN OS SYSTEM SOFTWARE 8 5. USER INTERFACES APPLICATION SUPPORT 11 7.OPEN FOR INNOVATION CONCLUSION REFERENCES 14 3

4 SYMBIAN OPERATING SYSTEM 1. INTRODUCTION Symbian is a joint venture between leading mobile phone manufactures formed to develop a common operating system for mobile communication devices. Symbian OS is designed for the mobile phone environment. It addresses constraints of mobile phones by providing a framework to handle low memory situations, a power management model, and a rich software layer implementing industry standards for communications, telephony and data rendering. Even with these abundant features, Symbian OS puts no constraints on the integration of other peripheral hardware. With an installed base of almost 25 million phones, rising worldwide shipments, significant and material engagements with the world s leading handset vendors and network operators, as well as the continuing growth of a commercially thriving product and application development community around Symbian OS, Symbian has achieved clear leadership of the global market for advanced mobile phone operating systems. 2. MOBILE PHONE PLATFORMS Central to data-enabled mobile phones is a fast, low power, low cost CPU core, which has compact code and can be highly integrated with peripherals. A system-on-chip (SoC) contains the CPU core and vital peripherals for the functioning of the phone operating system. The family of ARM architecture RISC processors, which have been incorporated with core peripherals into a standard package, is particularly suited for mobile phones. The system-onchip is then placed on a PCB with the remaining peripherals to produce a phone. Symbian OS is a 32-bit, little-endian operating system. It has been ported to many flavors of ARM architecture chips with V4 instruction set or higher. Further requirements of Symbian OS are for the CPU to have an integrated memory management unit (MMU) and a cache, to operate in various privileged access modes, and to handle interrupts and exceptions. The CPU, MMU and cache along with timers and hardware drivers, all reside on the system-onchip. These SoCs are often commercially available and are sometimes custom built by handset 4

manufactures. Thus mobile phone hardware can be divided into three logical layers: the CPU core, the SoC and the PCB. Symbian OS also conforms to this layering.

5 manufactures. Thus mobile phone hardware can be divided into three logical layers: the CPU core, the SoC and the PCB. Symbian OS also conforms to this layering. This enables easy porting of Symbian OS as the code for particular CPU core or SoC can be reused in many products. This is illustrated in the following figure. Figure -1 The three logical layers: the CPU core, the SoC and the PCB The MMU is used for several purposes. It protects process data from access by other processes, enforces protection of application and kernel code, and isolates the hardware from application code. The MMU is a crucial component in the design of the protected mode system, which enhances both the security and stability of the platform. A standard two-level page tabled MMU allows small 4 KB pages for efficient memory usage. Both data and instruction caches are required to produce acceptable performance. On-chip timers provide the real-time clock for the system tick timer, and millisecond scale timers are needed for use with hardware drivers. 5

3. HARDWARE INTERFACES The Symbian OS kernel is a compact pre-emptive multitasking operating system with very little dependence on peripherals.

6 3. HARDWARE INTERFACES The Symbian OS kernel is a compact pre-emptive multitasking operating system with very little dependence on peripherals. The core kernel executable - of less than 200 KB - fully supports the multi-threaded operating system. Peripheral hardware integration is added to the kernel in several ways. Hardware support is usually implemented in separate DLLs associated with particular hardware to allow the easy insertion and removal of hardware and to facilitate code reuse. The MMU is configured so that all hardware registers can only be accessed in privileged mode. The kernel always executes in privileged mode and hence has access to all the hardware registers. Applications interface to kernel services through an API provided by the User library. Because all applications run in unprivileged mode, operations that require hardware access must either switch momentarily into privileged mode while maintaining the context of the application or issue a request to the kernel server, which involves a switch in context to that of the kernel process. Applications are not permitted to access peripheral hardware directly. Instead applications must link to the User library whose functions may invoke peripheral control through the kernel. Peripherals associated with user input can be packaged as a separate DLL, called a kernel extension. User input simply provides events that are consumed by the kernel. Different kernel extensions can be written for keyboard, keypad, digitizer, and navigation button and wheels. All access to hardware occurs from, or through the kernel. There are several software frameworks that support hardware access, direct kernel access for vital hardware, kernel extensions for hardware associated with user input, and device drivers for further peripheral hardware exposed to applications and server. 6

7 Figure 2 Applications accessing the peripheral hardware. Device drivers expose an API to applications to allow control of hardware that is not essential to running the operating system. Device drivers can be loaded and unloaded at anytime. A device driver consists of two parts: a library providing the device's API to which applications can link; and one or two libraries, running in privileged mode, kernel-side, to access the hardware The kernel side library is often split into two libraries: a logical (LDD) and a physical (PDD) device driver DLL. The LDD encapsulates the logical functions of a device e.g., on and off, and read and write. The PDD carries out the functions on a specific device. The LDD contains all the complexity of typical device usage usually in the form of a state machine. If the choice of hardware part is changed in prototyping a phone or the progression of a product line, only the PDD needs to be replaced. For example, the media server uses a standard application-side API and a logical device driver so only a physical device driver has to be provided for a particular codec chosen for a phone. Support for file system media is also provided through a device driver. A file system drive consists of two components, a file system and a media driver. The file system is typically FAT but not necessarily if the system is internal to the phone and would benefit from a different format. The media driver is a physical device driver performing all the functions that the file server expects. By constructing drives with these two components, the file server conforms to a plug-in model where new media drivers and file systems can be plugged into the OS without affecting the core code in the file server The only exception to this model of peripheral access controlled by the kernel is the screen buffer, which is copied via DMA to the LCD display. The screen buffer is usually given read/write permissions to all threads, for applications to provide fast drawing routines through a graphics API. This increases speed as no switch to privileged mode and back is required. 7

8 4. SYMBIAN OS SYSTEM SOTWARE Symbian OS contains an extensive and rich collection of libraries to implement many industry standards. This layer of system software, in Version 6, includes support for networking (TCP/IP, PPP, TSL, SSL, IPSec, FTP), communications (Bluetooth wireless technology, IrDA, Obex), Security (DES, RSA, DSA, DH), messaging (POP3, IMAP4, SMTP, SMS, BIO), browsing (HTML, HTTPS, WAP, WML), telephony (GSM, GPRS, fax), graphics, multimedia (WAV, AU, WVE, JPEG, BMP, MBM, GIF) and many more. Figure 3 The rich layer of system software for industry standard support is part of Symbian OS Access to these services and resources is coordinated through a standard client-server framework. Servers run as unprivileged threads. Any application thread can be a client connecting to a server by name and passing messages through a standard interface imposed by the kernel. The framework is constructed through inheritance from server and session classes. The kernel support for the client-server framework is optimized for low memory use and speed; it also keeps a record of objects in the system such that any thread death results in all the memory being recovered. The uses of the client-server architecture in Symbian OS include the file server, media server, telephony server and many more. The media server is a good example of a hardware resource, accessed through a device driver, which can be synchronized through the client-server framework. 8

Figure 4 The servers can make use of device drivers to access the hardware required for particular services. The top layer of Symbian OS provides support for applications.

9 Figure 4 The servers can make use of device drivers to access the hardware required for particular services. The top layer of Symbian OS provides support for applications. This includes application engines for common Symbian OS phone applications: contacts (an address book), agenda (a diary application), and jotter (a document producing application). This layer also includes skeleton support for graphical user interface (GUI) components, however handset manufacturers provide the actual user interface. This allows the phones to maintain the unique look, feel and branding of each manufacturer. 9

10 5. USER INTERFACES Symbian OS is designed for optimal flexibility, giving mobile phone manufacturers broad scope for differentiation and innovation in user interfaces, hardware designs and connectivity. Symbian OS provides a flexible user interface (UI) framework that enables mobile phone manufacturers to differentiate their products while keeping the learning curve for developers to a minimum. Flexibility of UI system was one of the very earliest design goals of Symbian OS. This flexibility enables phone manufacturers to create mobile phones that are very far from being simple clones, or copies, of each other. This heralds the power of Symbian OS to support a range of different devices, suited to different niches within the overall mobile phone market. With Symbian OS, mobile phone manufacturers and third parties can produce innovative UIs for families of mobile phones such as: advanced mobile phones with main input from keypad pen-based mobile phones in tablet form factor keyboard-based mobile phones with large screens Each user interface is tailored to meet specific user requirements. Symbian OS user interfaces all include a basic suite of applications: integrated contact, scheduling and messaging applications as well as synchronization capabilities. This enables the licensee to select applications and design a user interface suitable for their planned mobile phones. 10

11 6. APPLICATION SUPPORT Symbian OS is fully multi-tasking. To ensure the system to run in an efficient and secure manner, some properties are imposed on applications. All applications run in a virtual machine (VM) environment. One benefit is that software can be fixed-up (built with predefined run-time memory configuration) such that the environment is exactly as expected. This saves memory, because the library does not need to have any relocation information associated with it. Also if there are two copies of the application running they can execute the same code. The VM is made possible by use of the MMU to move data around in the virtual address space. An application consists of a single process, the unit of memory protection, in which one or more threads are running. When an application is loaded from its polymorphic DLL, the application is given pages for the process data, and the thread data in the outer page table of the two-level MMU. When a context switch occurs to this process, the kernel adjusts the MMU configuration by moving all the pages to a pre-defined location in the virtual memory map. Execution continues in the appropriate thread. If the data cache is virtually tagged, then the cache must be flushed every time a context switch takes place. This introduces inefficiency for applications, however for intensively used system server processes a unique data area can be assigned to them if they are only single copy. The file server is such an example: if an application requests a service from the file server, the context switch to the file server does not involve any change in the MMU or a cache flush and if the original application is returned to the data in the cache is still valid. Physically tagged caches do not have this complication. 11

12 Figure 5 The MMU is used for context switching allowing all processes to assume their data is resident at the same place. Here a context switch is made between process B and process A, the memory is moved by modifying the outer page table of the two-stage MMU. 12

13 7. OPEN FOR INNOVATION The ability for independent software vendors (ISVs) to develop applications for mobile phones is already bringing new uses to these small, connected, mobile platforms. Keeping the platform open enables ISVs to focus on the expanding market of mobile phone applications. ISVs can develop Symbian OS software in C++ using a Windows emulator that runs on a PC and maps Symbian OS calls to Win32 APIs. The mobile phone manufacturers ship this emulator as part of a Symbian OS software development kit (SDK). Any application or library written with an SDK links to the User library for kernel services and to other core libraries for core system services. Symbian OS features a Java virtual machine and supports applications written in Java. Symbian OS also provides a framework designed for programming when memory capacity is limited. This framework consists of a clean-up stack onto which any partially constructed objects are placed until their construction has been completed. If the phone runs out of memory it is possible to delete the objects on this clean-up stack avoiding a memory leak and enabling the process to continue, without potentially losing user data associated with this process. This paradigm is used throughout Symbian OS and exposed to third-party (in the SDKs) to enable safe low memory programming. Third-party software is installed on Symbian OS phones with an installation file (SIS file). This file is a concatenation of all the libraries and resources that are required by the application, which is then made secure with a certification system. This enables the delivery of tamperproof files where the software vendor can be identified. The installer populates the file system with the files from the SIS file allowing the enclosed application to run. 13

14 8. CONCLUSION Symbian OS is a robust multi-tasking operating system, designed specifically for real-world wireless environments and the constraints of mobile phones (including limited amount of memory). Symbian OS is natively IP-based, with fully integrated communications and messaging. It supports all the leading industry standards that will be essential for this generation of data-enabled mobile phones. Symbian OS enables a large community of developers. The open platform allows the installation of third party software to further enhance the platform. 9.REFERENCES Symbian OS C++ for Mobiiles-Richard Harrison 8.Quick Recipes on Symbian OS-Michael Aubert 9.Symbian OS Explained-Jo Stichbury 14

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Background. 1.1 A Little History. 1.2 About UIQ Technology

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Background. 1.1 A Little History. 1.2 About UIQ Technology 1.1 A Little History 1 Background UIQ started life in late 1998 when Ericsson, Psion and Symbian decided to work together to create the Quarter-VGA (portrait, 240 320 pixel) user interface for Symbian