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1 libcap_utils Documentation Release 0.7 DPMI January 28, 2017

2

3 Contents: 1 Overview 3 2 Install instructions 5 3 Consumers 9 4 API 11 5 Tool overview 13 6 capshow 15 7 Use-cases 17 8 Indices and tables 19 i

4 ii

5 libcap_utils Documentation, Release 0.7 Library and tools for working with network packet streams (traces) from a DPMI MA (measurement area) with one or more measurement points. It features tools for working with captured traces, including capture, splitting, merging, filtering, converting and displaying traces. Offline traces are similar to pcap (tcpdump, wireshark) but contains additional metadata and higher precision timestamps but most tools work just as well with live streams. The library serves as a starting point for writing consumers which can perform live or offline analyzis (e.g. bitrate, oneway-delay, etc) of the captured streams (traces). Contents: 1

6 libcap_utils Documentation, Release Contents:

7 CHAPTER 1 Overview 1.1 Measurement points A measurement area (MA) consists of any number of measurement points (MP) which can be added in parallel or serial. Each MP has a set of filters (e.g. single out only IP-traffic) and will send out any number of measurement streams for consumers to analyze. Streams are most commonly broadcasted as MA ethernet frames but MPs can also send using UDP or TCP and can save as a local capfile. As seen in the figure there are two MPs capturing traffic at two locations. The MPs may be located in the same network or they can be at geografically different locations (but be vary of timestamp accuracy!). In this case the MPs both broadcast a single stream. 3

8 libcap_utils Documentation, Release Consumers Consumers takes any number of measurement streams and can perform analyzations on the stream. Going back to the figure there are three consumers an each of them listens on the streams from the MPs. One of the might calculate current bitrate at both captured locations, while another might calculate one-way delay (the time it takes for a packet to go from location 1 to location 2). The third might just be recording the streams for later usage. libcap_utils comes with a number of consumers (called tools) for common tasks such as filtering, recording and displaying streams. It also features an API for interfacing with streams and processing packets. 4 Chapter 1. Overview

9 CHAPTER 2 Install instructions autoreconf -si mkdir build; cd build../configure make sudo make install If needed, update ldconfig search path (e.g /etc/ld.so.conf.d) to be aware of the new library files. 2.1 Step by step instructions This document describes how to install from source, for supported distributions see the instructions at install. 2.2 Prerequisites apt-get install build-essential autoconf libtool rrdtool librrd-dev libxml2-dev pkg-config libpcap-de (or equivalent if your not using a Debian/Ubuntu based distribution) Optionally have PF_RING and/or DAG drivers installed. 2.3 Obtaining the sources Either fetch the source via git clone or acquire a tarball and extract it as usual. 2.4 General instructions If you got the sourcecode via git you need to run autoreconf -si to bootstrap the build system. mkdir build && cd build../configure make sudo make install 5

10 libcap_utils Documentation, Release 0.7 Certain libraries (like pcap, DAG and PF_RING) have options like --with-pcap=prefix which allows building from non-standard locations, e.g../configure --with-pcap=/usr/local will use pcap from /usr/local even if the path isn t normally searched by gcc (it will append -I and -L). Use configure help to see all available options. 2.5 Prefixed installation For a temporary installation, personal copy, or if multiple versions of the software is required the usage of a prefix in your home-directory is suggested. Unless installing system-wide, consider a prefix. The prefix is a path which is prefixed in front of all installed files (e.g. if a tool is to be installed to /bin/foobar and the prefix /home/fred/myprefix is used, the tool will be installed to /home/fred/myprefix/bin/foobar). There is many good reasons why to use a prefix: Do not have to be root to install. Simply wipe the directory and the software is completely uninstalled, won t scatter files all over the system. Easy to manage multiple installations. To add a prefix use --prefix /path/to/prefix when running configure and use PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/path/to/prefix/lib/pkgconfig to tell pkg-config where to look for the files. In addition you need LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/prefix/lib and it is useful to put the path in PATH as well. You can run the following lines in a shell, or put them in.bashrc or similar: export DMPI_PREFIX=/path/to/prefix export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=${DPMI_PREFIX}/lib/pkgconfig:${PKG_CONFIG_PATH} export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${DPMI_PREFIX}/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} export PATH=${DPMI_PREFIX}/bin:${PATH} export MANPATH=${DPMI_PREFIX}/share/man:${MANPATH} 2.6 Debian/Ubuntu packages To build and install debian.deb you need to configure with some specific paths and then run make deb../configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc make deb dpkg -i PACKAGE.deb This is the recommended way to install the software if you do not intend to edit the source-code. 2.7 Optional features PF_RING 1. Download and install PF_RING from ntop. There is a Makefile to generate debian/ubuntu packages in packages/ubuntu. 2. configure --with-pfring 6 Chapter 2. Install instructions

11 libcap_utils Documentation, Release 0.7 PF_RING replaces SOCK_RAW ethernet capture DAG Use --with-dag[=path] or --with-dag-legacy[=path] for enable support for DAG cards where the later is using old drivers for linux Capmarker To only install capmarker (and library) use :bash../configure disable-utils enable-capmarker. Useful when you only want to send markers without installing a full DPMI stack. 2.8 Troubleshooting configure: error: Package requirements were not met Package requirements (...) where not met configure: error: Package requirements (libmarc-0.7 >= 0.7.0) were not met: No package 'libmarc-0.7' found Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix. Alternatively, you may set the environment variables libmarc_cflags and libmarc_libs to avoid the need to call pkg-config. See the pkg-config man page for more details. This happens because pkg-config could not locate the library. Make sure it is installed and PKG_CONFIG_PATH points to the lib/pkgconfig path in the prefix The pkg-config script could not be found or is too old configure: error: The pkg-config script could not be found or is too old. Make sure it is in your PAT Read the actual error, then to install/upgrade pkg-config. (e.g. apt-get install pkg-config) Library not found during relinking libtool: install: warning: relinking \`libcap_utils-07.la' libtool: install: (cd /home/dsv/libcap_utils-0.7.7; /bin/bash /home/dsv/libcap_utils-0.7.7/libtool - /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lcap_stream-07 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status libtool: install: error: relink `libcap_utils-07.la' with the above command before installing it Start swearing, install an older version and try again Troubleshooting 7

12 libcap_utils Documentation, Release Chapter 2. Install instructions

13 CHAPTER 3 Consumers In DPMI measurement points MP produce packet traces, often sent live as measurement streams. Consumers takes either an offline tracefile or a live stream and analyze the data in some way. For instance, a consumer might look at the packets to determine the current bitrate across a MP. 9

14 libcap_utils Documentation, Release Chapter 3. Consumers

15 CHAPTER 4 API 11

16 libcap_utils Documentation, Release Chapter 4. API

17 CHAPTER 5 Tool overview Most tools have manpages and all of them support --help for detailed usage. cap2pcap - convert cap to pcap (libcap_utils to tcpdump). capdump - read a live stream (e.g. from a MP) and dump the trace to a file. capfilter - apply filters to a trace. capinfo - short information and generic statistics of a trace. capmarker - send a special marker packet through a live stream (easily identifiable by libcap_utils when doing analyzis). capmerge - merge two or more traces. capshow - display packets in a trace (tcpdump-style). capwalk - display packets in a trace (verbose deep decoding of all packets) ifstat - debugging utility pcap2cap - convert pcap to cap (tcpdump to libcap_utils). 13

18 libcap_utils Documentation, Release Chapter 5. Tool overview

19 CHAPTER 6 capshow Read packets from stream and display packet data (similar to tcpdump). Use --help for detailed usage, and read the code for new features. 6.1 General options -i, --iface -p, --packets=n -c, --count=n -t, --timeout=n --version -h, --help For ethernet-based streams, this is the interface to listen on. For other streams it is ignored. Stop after N read packets. Stop after N matched packets. If both -p and -c is used, what ever happens first will stop. Wait for N ms while buffer fills [default: 1000ms]. Show program version and exit. This text. 6.2 Formatting options -1 Show only DPMI information include link layer include transport layer include application layer. [default] -H, --headers Show layer headers. -x, --hexdump Write full packet content as hexdump. -d, --calender Show timestamps in human-readable format (UTC). -D, --localtime Show timestamps in human-readable format (local time). -a, --absolute Show absolute timestamps. -r, --relative Show timestamps relative to first packet. [default] 15

20 libcap_utils Documentation, Release Filter options --starttime=datetime --endtime=datetime --begin --end --mampid=string --mpid=string --iface=string --if=string --eth.vlan=tci[/mask] --eth.type=string[/mask] --eth.src=addr[/mask] --eth.dst=addr[/mask] --ip.proto=string --ip.src=addr[/mask] --ip.dst=addr[/mask] --tp.sport=port[/mask] --tp.dport=port[/mask] --tp.port=port[/mask] --frame-max-dt=time --frame-num=range[,..] --caplen=bytes --filter-mode=mode --bpf=filter Discard all packages before starttime described by the unix timestamp. See capfilter(1) for additional accepted formats. Discard all packets after endtime. Alias for --starttime Alias for --endtime Filter on MAMPid. Alias for --mampid. Filter on networkinterface on MP. Alias for --iface. Filter on VLAN TCI and mask. Filter on carrier protocol (IP, ARP, RARP). Filter on ethernet source. Filter on ethernet destination. Filter on ip protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP). Filter on source ip address, dotted decimal. Filter on destination ip address, dotted decimal. Filter on source portnumber. Filter on destination portnumber. Filter or source or destination portnumber (if either is a match the packet matches). Starts to reject packets after the interarrivaltime is greater than TIME (WRT matched packets). Reject all packets not in specified range (see capfilter(1) for further description of syntax). Store BYTES of the captured packet. [default=all] Set filter mode to AND or OR. [default=and] In addition to regular DPMI filter also use the supplied BPF. Matching takes place after DPMI filter. 6.4 Sample output pktcnt:ci:mpid:arrivaltime:link(l2 lenght):caplen(captured bytes):networkprotocol:transportprotocol:a UDP example: [ 1]:d01:mpa: :LINK( 94):CAPLEN( 98):ID( 1): IPv4: UDP: : > [ 2]:d01:mpa: :LINK( 94):CAPLEN( 98):ID( 2): IPv4: UDP: : > TCP example: [10843]:d00:mpb: :LINK( 60):CAPLEN( 64):ID( 744): IPv4: TCP: [A] : [10844]:d01:mpb: :LINK(1514):CAPLEN(1518):ID( 744): IPv4: TCP: [A] : Chapter 6. capshow

21 CHAPTER 7 Use-cases 7.1 Save a live MP stream to local file capdump -i eth0 -o trace.cap 01:: Show contents of a saved trace capshow trace.cap 7.3 Show the content of two live streams capshow -i eth0 01::10 01:: Merge two traces to a single file capmerge -o merged.cap trace1.cap trace2.cap 17

22 libcap_utils Documentation, Release Chapter 7. Use-cases

23 CHAPTER 8 Indices and tables genindex modindex search 19

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