The Unix Shell. Job Control

Transcription

1 The Unix Shell Copyright Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See for more information.

2 shell

3 shell $ wc l *.pdb sort head -1

4 shell $ wc l *.pdb sort head -1 wc sort head

5 shell $ wc l *.pdb sort head -1 wc sort head Control programs while they run

6 shell $ wc l *.pdb sort head -1 wc sort head processes Control programs while they run

7 A process is a running program

8 A process is a running program Some are yours

9 A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users)

10 A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list

11 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $

12 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ Process ID (unique at any moment)

13 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ Parent process ID

14 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ Parent process ID What process created this one?

15 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ Process group ID

16 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ What terminal (TTY) is it running in?

17 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ What terminal (TTY) is it running in? '?' indicates a system service (no TTY)

18 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ The user ID of the process's owner

19 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ The user ID of the process's owner Controls what the process can read, write, execute,

20 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ When the process was started

21 $ ps A process is a running program Some are yours Most belong to the operating system (or other users) Use ps to get a list PID PPID PGID TTY UID STIME COMMAND con :19:07 /usr/bin/bash con :53:48 /usr/bin/ps $ The program the process is executing

22 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes

23 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat

24 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass...

25 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $

26 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C Stop the running program $

27 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $

28 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ Run in the background

29 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ Run in the background Shell returns right away instead of waiting for the program to finish

30 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ Can run other programs in the foreground while waiting for background process(es) to finish

31 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $

32 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs Show background processes [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $

33 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ fg

34 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ fg Bring background job to foreground

35 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ fg Bring background job to foreground Use fg %1, fg %2, etc. if there are several background jobs

36 Can stop, pause, and resume running processes $./analyze results*.dat...a few minutes pass... ^C $./analyze results*.dat & $ fbcmd events $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat results02.dat results03.dat $ fg...a few minutes pass... $ And finally it's done

37 Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running

38 Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground

39 Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job

40 Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job $./analyze results01.dat

41 Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job $./analyze results01.dat ^Z [1] Stopped./analyze results01.dat $

42 Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job $./analyze results01.dat ^Z [1] Stopped./analyze results01.dat $ bg %1 $

43 Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job $./analyze results01.dat ^Z [1] Stopped./analyze results01.dat $ bg %1 $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat $

44 Use ^Z to pause a program that's already running fg to resume it in the foreground Or bg to resume it as a background job $./analyze results01.dat ^Z [1] Stopped./analyze results01.dat $ bg %1 $ jobs [1]./analyze results01.dat $ kill %1 $

45 Job control mattered a lot when users only had one terminal window

46 Job control mattered a lot when users only had one terminal window Less important now: just open another window

47 Job control mattered a lot when users only had one terminal window Less important now: just open another window Still useful when running programs remotely

48 created by Greg Wilson August 2010 Copyright Software Carpentry 2010 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License See for more information.