Practical 04: UNIX / LINUX Shell Programming 1

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1 Operating Systems: UNIX / LINUX Shell Programming 1 Page 1 Practical 04: UNIX / LINUX Shell Programming 1 Name: Roll no: Date: Section: Practical Objectives 1. To study about the Unix Shell Programming Commands. 2. EXPRESSION Command 3. Read statement 4. ECHO Statement 5. Conditional Statement Attach this cover sheet to the front of the packet of materials you submit following the laboratory tasks. In-lab Exercises Take home Exercises Activities Remarks Signature

2 Operating Systems: UNIX / LINUX Shell Programming 1 Page 2 Theory EXPRESSION Command : To perform all arithematic operations. EXAMPLE 01 n=`expr 5 + 5` (type this on line with backqoute and spaces before & after + ) echo $n OPERATORS Equality: = string!= string -eq number -ne number Logical: -a and -o or! not Logical: AND && OR Relational: -gt greater than -ge greater than, equal to -lt less than -le less than, equal to Arithmetic : +, -, \*, /, % Arguments (positional parameters) Arguments can be passed to a script from the line. Positional parameters are used to receive their values from within the script. EXAMPLE 02 At the line: $./script01 Name is Kamran and Roll is 14B-444-BS In a script: echo $1 $2 $3 #Positional parameters echo $* #All the positional paramters echo $# #The number of positional parameters READ Statement : To get the input from the user. read x y (no need of commas between variables)

3 Operating Systems: UNIX / LINUX Shell Programming 1 Page 3 ECHO Statement : Similar to the output statement. To print output to the screen, the echo is used. Wildcards must be escaped with either a backslash or matching quotes. Echo String (or) echo $b (for variable). e.g., echo "What is your name?" Reading user input: The read takes a line of input from the user and assigns it to a variable(s) on the right-hand side. The read can accept multiple variable names. Each variable will be assigned a word. EXAMPLE 03 echo "What is your name?" read name echo $name CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS : The if construct is followed by a. If an expression is to be tested, it is enclosed in square brackets. The keyword is placed after the closing parenthesis. An if must end with a. 1.if This is used to check a condition and if it satises the condition if does the next action, if not it goes to the part. 2.if EXAMPLE 04 if cp $source $target echo "File copied successfully" echo "Failed to copy the le" 3.nested if if condition if condition 4.case.. esac This construct helps in execution of the shell script based on Choice.

4 Operating Systems: UNIX / LINUX Shell Programming 1 Page 4 The if construct is: if if [ expression ] The if// if construct is: if elif elif if [ expression ] elif [expression] elif [expression] The if/ construct is: if [ expression ] EXAMPLE 05 echo "Enter University" read variable_name case $variable_name in UIT) echo "You entered UIT" SSUET) echo "You entered SSUET" NED) echo "You entered NED" *) echo "Unknown University" esac EXAMPLE 06 echo "Enter Color" read color case "$color" in blue) echo "$color is blue" green) echo "$color is green" red orange) echo "$color is red or orange" *) echo "Not a color" # default esac

5 Operating Systems: UNIX / LINUX Shell Programming 1 Page 5 Exercises 1. Modify the script in Example2 to take 7 week days as parameter to script, and within the script print all the week days that you supplied as an argument to the script. Also print the number of parameters entered. (in this case 7 as of week days). 2. Modify the script in Example3, so that it asks you: "What is your name?", "What is your Roll no?", and "What is your Father s name?". You need to read the respective strings in three different variables and in the end print all three variables from the shell script. 3. Modify the script in Example4, that does following tasks: (a). create a le of your roll number (e.g. 14B-666-BS), (b). Rename the le from $RollNo to NameRollNo 4. Modify the script in Example5, to use names of 5 cities in Pakistan. 5. Modify the script in Example6, to use names of your siblings. Run all the examples in this lab in a different script le and include following line on top of each script: #!/bin/sh EXECUTION OF SHELL SCRIPT : 1.By using change mode 2.$ chmod u + x sum.sh 3.$ sum.sh or $ sh sum.sh All students need to create script les using folloing convention: roollno-scr01.sh 14B001BS-Ex01, 14B001BS-Ex02, 14B001BS-Ex06. Note: (1) Please submit the screenshot of your s and results with your lab observations in your own words. (2) Lab results / Observations document to the following address: alphasecure@gmail.com a. Subject of LabNoXX_Name_RollNo_Section Attachment name: (in case of only screenshots and observations) LabNoXX_Name_RollNo_Section.doc b. Attachment name: (in case of additional les created during lab session) LabNoXX_Name_RollNo_Section.tar.gz (Create archive: $tar -cf LabNoXX_Name_RollNo_Section.tar.gz le1 le2) (3) should be send during the lab timings on same day. Delayed s will not be considered for assessment. (4) Hard copies of Lab manual & observation should be provided during the lab timings on same day. Delayed print copies will not be considered for assessment.

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