Discussion 1 Recap. COP4600 Discussion 2 OS concepts, System call, and Assignment 1. Questions. Questions. Outline. Outline 10/24/2010
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1 COP4600 Discussion 2 OS concepts, System cll, nd Assignment 1 TA: Hufeng Jin hj0@cise.ufl.edu Discussion 1 Recp Introduction to C C Bsic Types (chr, int, long, flot, doule, ) C Preprocessors (#include, #define) C Pointers (*, &, rry nme) C Structs (typedef struct{ nme) C String Specil chr rry (ending with \0 ) String Processing (string.h: strlen, strncpy) Questions int x = 5 *(&x+3) =? Questions int x = 5 *(&x+3) =? chr *str = c ; * (str + 3) =? Outline Operting System Concepts Process File Shell C System Clls Hints to Assignment 1 Outline Operting System Concepts Process File Shell C System Clls Hints to Assignment 1 1
2 Process A progrm in execution Process A progrm in execution Minesweeper Firefox Notepd Ech CPU cn only execute ONE process t time. Multitsk: CPU my switch mong processes without hving to wit for ech one to finish. Process Process Tree A process cn crete one or more other processes. (prent-children reltion) ---- tree structure File A lock of storing informtion on some kind of durle storge nd is ville to computer progrms. Typicl File Opertions: Crete file Delete file Open file Close file Red from file Write to file Pipe : A wy of communiction etween two processes. Looks like reding/writing to file: One process writes to the pipe. One process reds from the pipe. Pipe : A wy of communiction etween two processes. Looks like reding/writing to file: One process writes to the pipe. One process reds from the pipe. Pipe is pseudofile 2
3 Pipe Pipe Write End: Process write to the pipe vi this end. Pipe Red End: Process red from the pipe vi this end. red end will wit when the pipe is empty. Shell Shell: A user interfce of operting system. Two kinds of shells: Commnd-line shell: with commnd-line interfce (CLI) $dir $sort temp Grphicl shell: with grphicl user interfce (GUI) Shell Shell wits for input from the user. When receives commnd line, shell cretes process(s), ech of which executes commnd. Exmple: $ sort temp $ dir $ mkdir test.c.out (cretes folder) c d Wht we re going to do Modify the shell provided in myshell.c or MyShell.jv to support pipe fetures. Now it runs like: temp file: dc $ sort temp (enter) c d $ hed -2 temp (enter) d c Wht we re going to do After dding pipe fetures: temp file: dc $ sort temp hed -2 (enter) o First sort temp into c d then pss the output of sort to the input of hed -2 to get Outline Operting System Concepts Process File Shell C System Clls Hints to Assignment 1 3
4 System Clls A service provided y OS tht serves s n interfce etween process nd OS. System Clls Process control system clls: crete, terminte, execute, wit, File mngement system clls: crete file, delete file, red file, write file, Device mngement system clls: request device, relese device, red from device, write to device, Jv doesn t support system clls fork() C fork() exmple-1 Cretes new process. It hs no rguments nd returns process ID. Return <0: Return 0: Return >0: Cretion unsuccessful Returns to the new child process Returns the new process ID to the prent process min(){ printf( Process egin ); if(pid < 0){ perror( fork error ); else if(pid == 0) printf( Child process ); else if(pid > 0) printf( Prent process ); /*crete one process*/ /*unsuccessfull*/ /*child process*/ /*prent process*/ o Now we hve 2 ctive processes C fork() exmple-2 C fork() exmple-2 min(){ /*crete multiple processes*/ min(){ /*crete multiple processes*/ int i; int i; for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { if (pid == 0) { printf ("Child# %d\n", i); rek; if (pid == 0) { printf ("Child# %d\n", i); rek; Rememer: Process Tree o Now we hve 11 o Now we hve 11 ctive processes ctive processes 4
5 pipe() Asks OS to construct new pipe oject. int pipe(int fd[2]) Input prmeter: An integer rry sized 2. (Used to store red end nd write end file descriptors) Return vlue: 0 Cretion success -1 Filed Usge: C pipe() exmple chr str[20]; if(pid == 0){ close(fds[0]); write(fds[1], Computer Science", 17); else{ close(fds[1]); red(fds[0],str, 17); printf("%s\n", str); /*crete pipe*/ /*crete new process*/ /*child process*/ /*close red end*/ /*write string into write end*/ /*prent process*/ /*close write end*/ /*red string from red end*/ C pipe() Red end / Write end After pipe(), fds[0] ecomes the file descriptor for red end, fds[1] ecomes the file descriptor for write end. Both child process nd prent process cn ccess fds[0] nd fds[1]. Importnt Notes It s good ehvior to close the other end when only one end is eing used. Child process: close(fds[0]); write(fds[1], Computer Science", 17); Prent process: close(fds[1]); red(fds[0],str, 17); /*close red end*/ /*write string into write end*/ /*close write end*/ /*red string from red end*/ Importnt Notes must e plced BEFORE fork(). Or fds[2] cnnot e seen y the child/prent processes. dup2() Duplicte one file descriptor to nother file descriptor, nd then delete the old file descriptor. Used to redirect input/output int dup2(int fd1, int fd2); fd1: To e replced file descriptor (fter) fd2: To e copied file descriptor (efore) Redirect from fd2 to fd1. 5
6 C dup2() exmple min(){ int file = open("temp", O_APPEND O_WRONLY); dup2(file, 1); printf( Computer Science\n"); 1 stndrd output file descriptor 0 stndrd input file descriptor Usully, printf should print something on to the screen But the dup2() redirects the output to the file temp So there would e nothing printed on the screen In temp file, Computer Science\n will e ppended t ck. C dup2() exmple pipe nd dup2 Initilly: We hve pipe, ut hs nothing to do. After dup2(): Pump nd wshing mchine is connected vi pipe. execvp() Replce the current process with new process file rgv int execvp(const chr *file, chr *const rgv[]); An executle file pth (commnd) An rry of rguments chr *rgv[] = {"sort", "temp"; execvp(rgv[0], rgv); execvp() Replce the current process with new process file rgv int execvp(const chr *file, chr *const rgv[]); An executle Terminte file pth the (commnd) current process An rry of rguments chr *rgv[] = {"sort", "temp"; execvp(rgv[0], rgv); System Cll Summry Cretes new process <0 error =0 child process >0 prent process pipe(int[] fd) Cretes pipe fd[0]: red end fd[1]: write end dup2(int fd1, int fd2) Redirect from fd2 to fd1 execvp(chr *file, chr *rgs[]) Execute commnd 6
7 Outline Operting System Concepts Process File Shell C System Clls Hints to Assignment 1 Short description Simulte pipe feture: commnd1 commnd2 Use to seprte two commnds, redirect the output of commnd1 to the input of commnd 2. $sort temp hed -2 sort/hed: sort: hed -2: sort string in file pick first 2 chrcters from file Overll Structure Prsing If input contins, seprte into two commnds If not, one commnd Crete pipe Crete child processes for ech commnd Redirection Redirect the output of the 1 st commnd to the write end of the pipe. Redirect the input of the 2 nd commnd to the red end of the pipe. Process structure We need three processes: o Prent process: crete processes, wits them to terminte o Child 1 process: commnd 1 o Child 2 process: commnd 2 Child 1 nd Child 2 communicte vi pipe. Prent must close oth ends of pipe when child processes terminte. Redirection sort / hed: Input: Keyord (stndrd input) Output: Screen (stndrd output) In order to use pipe, we must do redirect: Commnd 1: Input: Keyord (0) Output: Screen (1) redirect to Pipe write end (fds[1]) Commnd 2: Input: Keyord (0) redirect to Pipe red end (fds[0]) Output: Screen (1) C Version Modify myshell.c Use system clls: Crete Process: Crete Pipe: File Redirection: Execute Commnd: 7
8 Jv Version Modify MyShell.jv Crete Pipe.jv, (PipeRedEnd.jv, PipeWriteEnd.jv) Opertions: Crete process: new Process(); Crete Pipe: Implement your own Pipe clss File Redirection: Process.setOutputStrem(PrintStrem) Process.setInputStrem(InputStrem) Execute Commnd: Process.run(), Commnd.produceCommnd(); Jv Suggestions WriteEnd extends PrintStrem Override println(string str) method to get ytes from output into yte rry uffer. String.getytes() RedEnd extends InputStrem Implement red() method to get next yte from the yte rry uffer. This method returns the next chrcter from the input Any Questions? 8
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