INF322 Operating Systems
|
|
- Everett Campbell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Galatasaray University Computer Engineering Department INF322 Operating Systems TP01: Introduction to Linux Ozan Çağlayan ozancaglayan.com
2 Fundamental Concepts Definition of Operating System This is the definition that concerns us in this lab A central software managing a computer's resources + Accompanying softwares like command-line interpreters, GUIs, editors, browsers, etc. Central software that manages and allocates computer resources like CPU, RAM, devices, etc.
3 Fundamental Concepts Definition of Operating System Central software that manages and allocates computer resources like CPU, RAM, devices, etc. Kernel
4 Fundamental Concepts Definition of Operating System Central software that manages and allocates computer resources like CPU, RAM, devices, etc. Kernel [noun] the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone; "black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell"
5 Kernel Provides a software layer to manage the limited resources of a computer, Process Management, User space Memory Management, Device Access, Networking, System Call Interface,... Kernel Space
6 Directory Layout
7 Single Directory Hierarchy Linux maintains a single hierarchical directory structure to organize all files in the system, This contrasts with Windows where each storage has its own directory hierarchy: C:\ for the 1 st disk partition D:\ for the 2 nd disk partition E:\ for DVD-ROM...
8 Single Directory Hierarchy / Root (/) directory bin run etc home usr firefox media group passwd ozan bob include TP1.pdf stdio.h Regular File Directory
9 Pathnames A pathname is a string consisting of an optional initial slash (/) followed by a series of filenames separated by slashes: /home/ozan/documents/tp1.pdf Path separator Filename
10 Pathnames An absolute pathname begins with a (/) and specifies the location of a file with respect to the root directory: /home/ozan/documents/tp1.pdf
11 Pathnames An absolute pathname begins with a (/) and specifies the location of a file with respect to the root directory: /home/ozan/documents/tp1.pdf A relative pathname specifies the location of a file with respect to the current working directory: Documents/TP1.pdf (When the current directory is /home/ozan)
12 Single Directory Hierarchy /bin: Essential commands /dev: Devices /home: User's home directories /etc: System-wide configuration files /root: Home directory for root user /var: Variable files like logs.
13 Home Directories Every user in the system has an associated home directory: C:\Users\ozan for Win Vista & 7 C:\Documents and Settings\ozan for Win XP /home/ozan under Linux Separating user data from system-wide data is always a good thing.
14 Home Directories What you will find in a typical home directory: [ozan@dellfedora ~]$ ls CyberClient.conf Downloads git Pictures svn Desktop Dropbox Music Public Templates Documents fontconfig OctaveToolboxes Setups Videos A typical user should only use its home directory for everything!
15 Users and Groups Each user is uniquely identified, and users may belong to groups, Every user has: A numeric ID called User ID (UID), A login name (username), A home directory under /home/username, A password, etc.
16 Superuser One special user known as superuser has special privileges in the system, User ID == 0 Login name (username) == root Superuser has access to everything, can install new software, can remove any directories, etc. Home directory for superuser is /root.
17 Superuser One special user known as superuser has special privileges in the system, User ID == 0 Login name (username) == root Superuser has access to everything, can install new software, can remove any directories, etc. Home directory for superuser is /root.
18 Permissions Each file has an associated User ID (UID) and Group ID (GID) which define the owner of the file and the group to which it belongs, Every user has full read/write access to all files and directories in their /home directory, Superuser has all access to everything!
19 Permissions Every user in the system is isolated from the rest in terms of their home directories, User Bob cannot touch anything within: /home/ozan /home/anna /home/ahmet...
20 Mounting Other Storage Devices
21 Single Directory Hierarchy / Root (/) directory bin run etc home usr If there is a single directory hierarchy, where are all other disks, USB sticks, DVDs, CDs? firefox media group passwd ozan bob include TP1.pdf stdio.h Regular File Directory
22 Single Directory Hierarchy / Root (/) directory bin run etc media firefox group passwd
23 Single Directory Hierarchy User ozan plugged a USB stick / Root (/) directory bin run etc media firefox group passwd
24 Single Directory Hierarchy / Root (/) directory bin run etc media firefox group passwd User name ozan Disk label OZAN guide.pdf boardingpass_ pdf
25 Single Directory Hierarchy / Root (/) directory bin run etc media firefox group passwd User name Disk label ozan OZAN Every storage becomes a Sub-tree of this hierarchy! guide.pdf boardingpass_ pdf
26 Single Directory Hierarchy / Root (/) directory bin run etc media firefox group passwd User name ozan Disk label OZAN guide.pdf boardingpass_ pdf
27 Single Directory Hierarchy All other storage devices are tied/mounted into this single directory hierarchy, This is done automatically by the system.
28 Interacting With The System
29 ? Question: How come people interacted with computers at times when graphic cards were not invented?
30 Terminals Question: How come people interacted with computers at times when graphic cards were not invented? Answer: Using primitive terminals connected through serial port (RS-232).
31 Terminals (TeleTYpewriters, TTY) Output using printer Input using punch cards
32 Terminals (Early Video Type) Still connected through RS-232 port, Designed using microprocessors.
33 Terminals (Today) As many terminals as tabs in a terminal emulator, Each one runs its own shell.
34 Shell Special-purpose program to read commands typed by a user and execute programs in response to that commands. Kernel
35 Shell Special-purpose program to read commands typed by a user and execute programs in response to that commands. Shell Kernel
36 Shell Special-purpose program to read commands typed by a user and execute programs in response to that commands. Shell is just a program which waits for your input in a loop, Different shells available: sh, bash, csh, tcsh, zsh, etc.
37 Practice Press ALT+F2 and type gnome-terminal to launch a terminal emulator, Now you have a shell prompt at your order: [ozan@dellfedora ~]$ whoami ozan [ozan@dellfedora ~]$ date Prş Şub 21 13:27:56 EET 2013 [ozan@dellfedora ~]$ echo "GSU" GSU
38 Environment Variables Each process has an array of strings in key=value form called Environment List, A common use of environment variables is in the shell. Shell holds a list of these variables for various things, Now type printenv to see a list of these environment variables.
39 Environment Variables ~]$ printenv... SHELL=/bin/bash USER=ozan PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin HOME=/home/ozan......
40 Environment Variables ~]$ printenv... SHELL=/bin/bash USER=ozan PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin HOME=/home/ozan ~]$ echo $USER ozan ~]$ echo USER USER You have to put '$' before the variable so that the shell interprets is as a variable instead of a plain string!
41 Exercice: Let's write whoami! You've seen that shell has an environment variable called $USER,
42 Exercice: Let's write whoami! You've seen that shell has an environment variable called $USER, Standard C library provides: char *getenv(const char *name) Use man utility to see documentation about practically anything if a documentation exists and is installed: [ozan@dellfedora ~]$ man getenv
43 Exercice: Let's write whoami! GETENV(3) Linux Programmer's Manual NAME getenv, secure_getenv - get an environment variable SYNOPSIS #include <stdlib.h> char *getenv(const char *name); DESCRIPTION The getenv() function searches the environment list to find the environment variable name, and returns a pointer to the corresponding value string. RETURN VALUE The getenv() function returns a pointer to the value in the environment or NULL if there is no match.
44 Exercice: Let's write whoami! Type gedit and press Enter to launch a simple text editor, Final source code is ~12 lines and looks something like this:
45 Exercice: Let's write whoami! Type gedit and press Enter to launch a simple text editor, Final source code is ~12 lines and looks something like this:
46 Exercice: Let's write whoami! Now, how to compile it? We use gcc (GNU project C and C++ compiler) to compile it: gcc whoami.c -o whoami List of.c sources Name of the output executable When -o is not given, the resulting executable is called a.out
47 Exercice: Let's write whoami! Now, how to compile it? Done. How to run it?
48 Exercice: Let's write whoami! Now, how to compile it? Done. How to run it? Type whoami and press Enter: ~]$ whoami ozan
49 Exercice: Let's write whoami! Now, how to compile it? Done. How to run it? Type whoami and press Enter: ~]$ whoami ozan Really?
50 Exercice: Let's write whoami! Now, how to compile it? Done. How to run it? Type whoami and press Enter: ~]$ whoami ozan Really? But how does it differ from the system provided whoami?
51 Steps of program execution When you type whoami and press Enter, shell executes the whoami program and whoami prints your username. Questions Where is whoami? How is it located by the shell?
52 Steps of program execution whoami utility comes from a package called coreutils: coreutils also provides cat, chmod, chown, ls, cp, dd, df, du, head, mkdir, mv, printenv, rm, etc. practically every basic tool that we daily use on a Linux system.
53 Steps of program execution coreutils is installed in every Linux distribution be it Fedora, Ubuntu or OpenSuSE, etc. The installation directory may differ for each distribution but usually you will find whoami under /usr/bin, OS-Course]$ ls -lh /usr/bin/whoami -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 32K Oca 24 18:43 /usr/bin/whoami Permissions Ownership Modification Time Filename
54 Steps of program execution Shell looks in the environment variable $PATH and adds whoami at the end of each path to see if the resulting path actually exists: /usr/local/bin /usr/bin $PATH /bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/sbin
55 Steps of program execution Shell looks in the environment variable $PATH and adds whoami at the end of each path to see if the resulting path actually exists: $PATH /usr/local/bin /usr/bin /bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/sbin Does /usr/local/bin/whoami exist? No, continue
56 Steps of program execution Shell looks in the environment variable $PATH and adds whoami at the end of each path to see if the resulting path actually exists: $PATH /usr/local/bin /usr/bin /bin /usr/local/sbin /usr/sbin Does /usr/bin/whoami exist? Yes, execute it!
57 Back to whoami Now, how to compile it? Done. How to run it? Type whoami and press Enter: ~]$ whoami ozan Really?
58 Back to whoami Now, how to compile it? Done. How to run it? Type whoami and press Enter: ~]$ whoami ozan Really? No. Shell will run the system-provided whoami found under /usr/bin.
59 Back to whoami Now, how to compile it? Done. How to run it? You have to explicitly tell your shell to run the whoami found in the current directory:
60 Back to whoami Now, how to compile it? Done. How to run it? You have to explicitly tell your shell to run the whoami found in the current directory: ~]$./whoami ozan '.' (dot) specifies current directory, '..' specifies upper directory, '/' is path separator.
61 Finally... That's not how the real whoami utility is implemented, Run the following command: USER= bill./whoami What happened and why? Discuss.
62 Galatasaray University Computer Engineering Department Any questions? Reference book The Linux Programming Interface Michael Kerrisk Ozan Çağlayan ozancaglayan.com
Introduction to Linux. Woo-Yeong Jeong Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University
Introduction to Linux Woo-Yeong Jeong (wooyeong@csl.skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu What is Linux? A Unix-like operating system of a computer What is an
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux Prof. Jin-Soo Kim( jinsookim@skku.edu) TA - Kisik Jeong (kisik@csl.skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu What is Linux? A Unix-like operating
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux Prof. Jin-Soo Kim( jinsookim@skku.edu) TA - Dong-Yun Lee (dylee@csl.skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu What is Linux? A Unix-like operating
More informationEECS Software Tools. Lab 2 Tutorial: Introduction to UNIX/Linux. Tilemachos Pechlivanoglou
EECS 2031 - Software Tools Lab 2 Tutorial: Introduction to UNIX/Linux Tilemachos Pechlivanoglou (tipech@eecs.yorku.ca) Sep 22 & 25, 2017 Material marked with will be in your exams Sep 22 & 25, 2017 Introduction
More informationINTRODUCTION TO LINUX
INTRODUCTION TO LINUX REALLY SHORT HISTORY Before GNU/Linux there were DOS, MAC and UNIX. All systems were proprietary. The GNU project started in the early 80s by Richard Stallman Goal to make a free
More informationOperating Systems. Copyleft 2005, Binnur Kurt
3 Operating Systems Copyleft 2005, Binnur Kurt Content The concept of an operating system. The internal architecture of an operating system. The architecture of the Linux operating system in more detail.
More informationOperating Systems 3. Operating Systems. Content. What is an Operating System? What is an Operating System? Resource Abstraction and Sharing
Content 3 Operating Systems The concept of an operating system. The internal architecture of an operating system. The architecture of the Linux operating system in more detail. How to log into (and out
More informationCS Fundamentals of Programming II Fall Very Basic UNIX
CS 215 - Fundamentals of Programming II Fall 2012 - Very Basic UNIX This handout very briefly describes how to use Unix and how to use the Linux server and client machines in the CS (Project) Lab (KC-265)
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux Prof. Jin-Soo Kim( jinsookim@skku.edu) TA Sanghoon Han(sanghoon.han@csl.skku.edu) Computer Systems Laboratory Sungkyunkwan University http://csl.skku.edu Announcement (1) Please come
More informationChapter Two. Lesson A. Objectives. Exploring the UNIX File System and File Security. Understanding Files and Directories
Chapter Two Exploring the UNIX File System and File Security Lesson A Understanding Files and Directories 2 Objectives Discuss and explain the UNIX file system Define a UNIX file system partition Use the
More informationTEL2821/IS2150: INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY Lab: Operating Systems and Access Control
TEL2821/IS2150: INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY Lab: Operating Systems and Access Control Version 1.0, Last Edited 09/20/2005 Name of Students: Date of Experiment: Part I: Objective The objective of the exercises
More informationLinux Essentials. Programming and Data Structures Lab M Tech CS First Year, First Semester
Linux Essentials Programming and Data Structures Lab M Tech CS First Year, First Semester Adapted from PDS Lab 2014 and 2015 Login, Logout, Password $ ssh mtc16xx@192.168.---.--- $ ssh X mtc16xx@192.168.---.---
More informationChapter-3. Introduction to Unix: Fundamental Commands
Chapter-3 Introduction to Unix: Fundamental Commands What You Will Learn The fundamental commands of the Unix operating system. Everything told for Unix here is applicable to the Linux operating system
More informationOverview LEARN. History of Linux Linux Architecture Linux File System Linux Access Linux Commands File Permission Editors Conclusion and Questions
Lanka Education and Research Network Linux Architecture, Linux File System, Linux Basic Commands 28 th November 2016 Dilum Samarasinhe () Overview History of Linux Linux Architecture Linux File System
More informationIntroduction to Unix: Fundamental Commands
Introduction to Unix: Fundamental Commands Ricky Patterson UVA Library Based on slides from Turgut Yilmaz Istanbul Teknik University 1 What We Will Learn The fundamental commands of the Unix operating
More informationLinux Operating System Environment Computadors Grau en Ciència i Enginyeria de Dades Q2
Linux Operating System Environment Computadors Grau en Ciència i Enginyeria de Dades 2017-2018 Q2 Facultat d Informàtica de Barcelona This first lab session is focused on getting experience in working
More informationLinux/Cygwin Practice Computer Architecture
Linux/Cygwin Practice 2010 Computer Architecture Linux Login Use ssh client applications to connect (Port : 22) SSH Clients zterm ( http://www.brainz.co.kr/products/products4_2.php ) Putty ( http://kldp.net/frs/download.php/3411/hangulputty-0.58.h2.exe
More informationWelcome to getting started with Ubuntu Server. This System Administrator Manual. guide to be simple to follow, with step by step instructions
Welcome to getting started with Ubuntu 12.04 Server. This System Administrator Manual guide to be simple to follow, with step by step instructions with screenshots INDEX 1.Installation of Ubuntu 12.04
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux Phil Mercurio The Scripps Research Institute mercurio@scripps.edu 1 Session Overview What is Linux Shells & Windows The Linux File System Assorted Commands 2 What Is Linux? Linux
More informationGNU/Linux 101. Casey McLaughlin. Research Computing Center Spring Workshop Series 2018
GNU/Linux 101 Casey McLaughlin Research Computing Center Spring Workshop Series 2018 rccworkshop IC;3df4mu bash-2.1~# man workshop Linux101 RCC Workshop L101 OBJECTIVES - Operating system concepts - Linux
More informationLinux at the Command Line Don Johnson of BU IS&T
Linux at the Command Line Don Johnson of BU IS&T We ll start with a sign in sheet. We ll end with a class evaluation. We ll cover as much as we can in the time allowed; if we don t cover everything, you
More informationCS 215 Fundamentals of Programming II Spring 2019 Very Basic UNIX
CS 215 Fundamentals of Programming II Spring 2019 Very Basic UNIX This handout very briefly describes how to use Unix and how to use the Linux server and client machines in the EECS labs that dual boot
More informationCS 300 Data Structures
CS 300 Data Structures Introduction 1 Topics Data Structures Linux C Programming Software Development Tools Software Development Methods 2 UNIX/Linux/GNU UNIX is an Operating System (OS) 1969 at Bell Labs
More informationHands-on Keyboard: Cyber Experiments for Strategists and Policy Makers
Hands-on Keyboard: Cyber Experiments for Strategists and Policy Makers Review of the Linux File System and Linux Commands 1. Introduction Becoming adept at using the Linux OS requires gaining familiarity
More informationPerl and R Scripting for Biologists
Perl and R Scripting for Biologists Lukas Mueller PLBR 4092 Course overview Linux basics (today) Linux advanced (Aure, next week) Why Linux? Free open source operating system based on UNIX specifications
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux Mukesh Pund Principal Scientist, NISCAIR, New Delhi, India History In 1969, a team of developers developed a new operating system called Unix which was written using C Linus Torvalds,
More informationWorking with Basic Linux. Daniel Balagué
Working with Basic Linux Daniel Balagué How Linux Works? Everything in Linux is either a file or a process. A process is an executing program identified with a PID number. It runs in short or long duration
More informationLezione 8. Shell command language Introduction. Sommario. Bioinformatica. Mauro Ceccanti e Alberto Paoluzzi
Lezione 8 Bioinformatica Mauro Ceccanti e Alberto Paoluzzi Dip. Informatica e Automazione Università Roma Tre Dip. Medicina Clinica Università La Sapienza Sommario Shell command language Introduction A
More informationCS246 Spring14 Programming Paradigm Notes on Linux
1 Unix History 1965: Researchers from Bell Labs and other organizations begin work on Multics, a state-of-the-art interactive, multi-user operating system. 1969: Bell Labs researchers, losing hope for
More informationIntroduction to Linux. Fundamentals of Computer Science
Introduction to Linux Fundamentals of Computer Science Outline Operating Systems Linux History Linux Architecture Logging in to Linux Command Format Linux Filesystem Directory and File Commands Wildcard
More informationCS 300. Data Structures
CS 300 Data Structures Start VirtualBox Search or Windows Run C:\CS300 Launches CS 300/360 Virtual Machine (Eventually) Logon with Zeus password Syllabus http://zeus.cs.pacificu.edu/chadd/cs300f18/syllabus.html
More information5/8/2012. Creating and Changing Directories Chapter 7
Creating and Changing Directories Chapter 7 Types of files File systems concepts Using directories to create order. Managing files in directories. Using pathnames to manage files in directories. Managing
More informationEE516: Embedded Software Project 1. Setting Up Environment for Projects
EE516: Embedded Software Project 1. Setting Up Environment for Projects By Dong Jae Shin 2015. 09. 01. Contents Introduction to Projects of EE516 Tasks Setting Up Environment Virtual Machine Environment
More informationUNIX. The Very 10 Short Howto for beginners. Soon-Hyung Yook. March 27, Soon-Hyung Yook UNIX March 27, / 29
UNIX The Very 10 Short Howto for beginners Soon-Hyung Yook March 27, 2015 Soon-Hyung Yook UNIX March 27, 2015 1 / 29 Table of Contents 1 History of Unix 2 What is UNIX? 3 What is Linux? 4 How does Unix
More informationLezione 8. Shell command language Introduction. Sommario. Bioinformatica. Esercitazione Introduzione al linguaggio di shell
Lezione 8 Bioinformatica Mauro Ceccanti e Alberto Paoluzzi Esercitazione Introduzione al linguaggio di shell Dip. Informatica e Automazione Università Roma Tre Dip. Medicina Clinica Università La Sapienza
More informationLec 1 add-on: Linux Intro
Lec 1 add-on: Linux Intro Readings: - Unix Power Tools, Powers et al., O Reilly - Linux in a Nutshell, Siever et al., O Reilly Summary: - Linux File System - Users and Groups - Shell - Text Editors - Misc
More informationIntroduction to the UNIX command line
Introduction to the UNIX command line Steven Abreu Introduction to Computer Science (ICS) Tutorial Jacobs University s.abreu@jacobs-university.de September 19, 2017 Overview What is UNIX? UNIX Shell Commands
More informationUnix File System. Class Meeting 2. * Notes adapted by Joy Mukherjee from previous work by other members of the CS faculty at Virginia Tech
Unix File System Class Meeting 2 * Notes adapted by Joy Mukherjee from previous work by other members of the CS faculty at Virginia Tech Unix File System The file system is your interface to: physical
More informationComputer Science 2500 Computer Organization Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Spring Topic Notes: C and Unix Overview
Computer Science 2500 Computer Organization Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Spring 2009 Topic Notes: C and Unix Overview This course is about computer organization, but since most of our programming is
More informationUNIX File Hierarchy: Structure and Commands
UNIX File Hierarchy: Structure and Commands The UNIX operating system organizes files into a tree structure with a root named by the character /. An example of the directory tree is shown below. / bin
More informationEmbedded System Design
Embedded System Design Lecture 10 Jaeyong Chung Systems-on-Chips (SoC) Laboratory Incheon National University Environment Variables Environment variables are a set of dynamic named values that can affect
More information1 Installation (briefly)
Jumpstart Linux Bo Waggoner Updated: 2014-09-15 Abstract A basic, rapid tutorial on Linux and its command line for the absolute beginner. Prerequisites: a computer on which to install, a DVD and/or USB
More informationOverview of the UNIX File System
Overview of the UNIX File System Navigating and Viewing Directories Adapted from Practical Unix and Programming Hunter College Copyright 2006 Stewart Weiss The UNIX file system The most distinguishing
More informationAssume that username is cse. The user s home directory will be /home/cse. You may remember what the relative pathname for users home directory is: ~
Introduction to Open Source Software Development Spring semester, 2017 School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University Joon-Seok Kim LINUX: COMMANDS Review Lab #1 2 Create Directories
More informationEverything about Linux User- and Filemanagement
Everything about Linux User- and Filemanagement Lukas Prokop 20. April 2009 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Who I am 2 1.1 whoami..................................... 3 1.2 passwd......................................
More informationIntroduction to Supercomputing
Introduction to Supercomputing TMA4280 Introduction to UNIX environment and tools 0.1 Getting started with the environment and the bash shell interpreter Desktop computers are usually operated from a graphical
More informationExercise 1: Basic Tools
Exercise 1: Basic Tools This exercise is created so everybody can learn the basic tools we will use during this course. It is really more like a tutorial than an exercise and, you are not required to submit
More informationCS/CIS 249 SP18 - Intro to Information Security
Lab assignment CS/CIS 249 SP18 - Intro to Information Security Lab #2 - UNIX/Linux Access Controls, version 1.2 A typed document is required for this assignment. You must type the questions and your responses
More informationLinux Systems Administration Getting Started with Linux
Linux Systems Administration Getting Started with Linux Network Startup Resource Center www.nsrc.org These materials are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
More informationCSCI 2132 Software Development. Lecture 4: Files and Directories
CSCI 2132 Software Development Lecture 4: Files and Directories Instructor: Vlado Keselj Faculty of Computer Science Dalhousie University 12-Sep-2018 (4) CSCI 2132 1 Previous Lecture Some hardware concepts
More informationOutline. Structure of a UNIX command
Outline Structure of Unix Commands Command help (man) Log on (terminal vs. graphical) System information (utility) File and directory structure (path) Permission (owner, group, rwx) File and directory
More informationIntroduction. Let s start with the first set of slides
Tux Wars Class - 1 Table of Contents 1) Introduction to Linux and its history 2) Booting process of a linux system 3) Linux Kernel 4) What is a shell 5) Bash Shell 6) Anatomy of command 7) Let s make our
More informationUnix Filesystem. January 26 th, 2004 Class Meeting 2
Unix Filesystem January 26 th, 2004 Class Meeting 2 * Notes adapted by Christian Allgood from previous work by other members of the CS faculty at Virginia Tech Unix Filesystem! The filesystem is your interface
More informationIntroduction: What is Unix?
Introduction Introduction: What is Unix? An operating system Developed at AT&T Bell Labs in the 1960 s Command Line Interpreter GUIs (Window systems) are now available Introduction: Unix vs. Linux Unix
More informationUnix Introduction to UNIX
Unix Introduction to UNIX Get Started Introduction The UNIX operating system Set of programs that act as a link between the computer and the user. Developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees Various
More informationOperating Systems and Using Linux. Topics What is an Operating System? Linux Overview Frequently Used Linux Commands
Operating Systems and Using Linux Topics What is an Operating System? Linux Overview Frequently Used Linux Commands 1 What is an Operating System? A computer program that: Controls how the CPU, memory
More informationFilesystem and common commands
Filesystem and common commands Unix computing basics Campus-Booster ID : **XXXXX www.supinfo.com Copyright SUPINFO. All rights reserved Filesystem and common commands Your trainer Presenter s Name Title:
More informationCISC 220 fall 2011, set 1: Linux basics
CISC 220: System-Level Programming instructor: Margaret Lamb e-mail: malamb@cs.queensu.ca office: Goodwin 554 office phone: 533-6059 (internal extension 36059) office hours: Tues/Wed/Thurs 2-3 (this week
More informationCS Unix Tools. Lecture 2 Fall Hussam Abu-Libdeh based on slides by David Slater. September 10, 2010
Lecture 2 Fall 2010 Hussam Abu-Libdeh based on slides by David Slater September 10, 2010 Last Time We had a brief discussion On The Origin of Species *nix systems Today We roll our sleeves and get our
More informationUnix System Architecture, File System, and Shell Commands
Unix System Architecture, File System, and Shell Commands Prof. (Dr.) K.R. Chowdhary, Director COE Email: kr.chowdhary@iitj.ac.in webpage: http://www.krchowdhary.com JIET College of Engineering August
More informationCommon UNIX Commands. Unix. User Interfaces. Unix Commands Winter COMP 1270 Computer Usage II 9-1. Using UNIX. Unix has a command line interface
Common UNIX Commands Using UNIX Unix Unix has a command line interface Unix commands must be typed Similar to the DOS operating system for PC s Compare to the Graphical User Interface (GUI) used by Windows,
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux M Tech CS I 2015-16 Arijit Bishnu Debapriyo Majumdar Sourav Sengupta Mandar Mitra Login, Logout, Change password $ ssh, ssh X secure shell $ ssh www.isical.ac.in $ ssh 192.168 $ logout,
More informationFilesystem Hierarchy Operating systems I800 Edmund Laugasson
Filesystem Hierarchy Operating systems I800 Edmund Laugasson edmund.laugasson@itcollege.ee There has been used materials from Margus Ernits, Katrin Loodus when creating current slides. Current document
More informationEECS2301. Lab 1 Winter 2016
EECS2301 Lab 1 Winter 2016 Lab Objectives In this lab, you will be introduced to the Linux operating system. The basic commands will be presented in this lab. By the end of you alb, you will be asked to
More informationCS197U: A Hands on Introduction to Unix
CS197U: A Hands on Introduction to Unix Lecture 3: UNIX Operating System Organization Tian Guo CICS, Umass Amherst 1 Reminders Assignment 2 is due THURSDAY 09/24 at 3:45 pm Directions are on the website
More informationCENG393 Computer Networks Labwork 1
CENG393 Computer Networks Labwork 1 Linux is the common name given to a large family of operating systems. All Linux-based operating systems are essentially a large set of computer software that are bound
More informationThe Unix Shell & Shell Scripts
The Unix Shell & Shell Scripts You should do steps 1 to 7 before going to the lab. Use the Linux system you installed in the previous lab. In the lab do step 8, the TA may give you additional exercises
More informationUnix File System. Learning command-line navigation of the file system is essential for efficient system usage
ULI101 Week 02 Week Overview Unix file system File types and file naming Basic file system commands: pwd,cd,ls,mkdir,rmdir,mv,cp,rm man pages Text editing Common file utilities: cat,more,less,touch,file,find
More informationGetting started with Hugs on Linux
Getting started with Hugs on Linux COM1022 Functional Programming Techniques Dr Hans Georg Schaathun University of Surrey Autumn 2009 Week 7 Dr Hans Georg Schaathun Getting started with Hugs on Linux Autumn
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux The command-line interface A command-line interface (CLI) is a type of interface, that is, a way to interact with a computer. Window systems, punched cards or a bunch of dials, buttons
More information5/20/2007. Touring Essential Programs
Touring Essential Programs Employing fundamental utilities. Managing input and output. Using special characters in the command-line. Managing user environment. Surveying elements of a functioning system.
More informationTEL2821/IS2150: INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY Lab: Operating Systems and Access Control
TEL2821/IS2150: INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY Lab: Operating Systems and Access Control Version 2.0, Last Edited 10/1/2006 Students Name: Date of Experiment: Part I: Objective The objective of the exercises
More informationCS4350 Unix Programming. Outline
Outline Unix Management Files and file systems Structure of Unix Commands Command help (man) Log on (terminal vs. graphical) System information (utility) File and directory structure (path) Permission
More informationCSC 112 Lab 1: Introduction to Unix and C++ Fall 2009
CSC 112 Lab 1: Introduction to Unix and C++ Fall 2009 Due: Friday, September 4 th, 9:00am Introduction The operating system of a computer is the coordinator of all of the computer s activities, including
More informationIntroduction of Linux
Introduction of Linux 阳 oslab2018_class1@163.com 寅 oslab2018_class2@163.com PART I Brief Introduction Basic Conceptions & Environment Install & Configure a Virtual Machine Basic Commands PART II Shell
More informationCSC209. Software Tools and Systems Programming. https://mcs.utm.utoronto.ca/~209
CSC209 Software Tools and Systems Programming https://mcs.utm.utoronto.ca/~209 What is this Course About? Software Tools Using them Building them Systems Programming Quirks of C The file system System
More informationCommands are in black
Starting From the Shell Prompt (Terminal) Commands are in black / +--------+---------+-------+---------+---------+------ +------ +------ +------ +------ +------ +-- Bin boot dev etc home media sbin bin
More informationLinux. An introduction. Aurélien Villani 01/2018
Linux An introduction Aurélien Villani 01/2018 Linux? 2 References Somewhere on the baie-lgf, are some Linux books. 3 Linux? A kernel... 1991: released by Linus Torvalds, for fun 1993: 100 developers working
More information1. What statistic did the wc -l command show? (do man wc to get the answer) A. The number of bytes B. The number of lines C. The number of words
More Linux Commands 1 wc The Linux command for acquiring size statistics on a file is wc. This command provides the line count, word count and number of bytes in a file. Open up a terminal, make sure you
More informationUsing LINUX a BCMB/CHEM 8190 Tutorial Updated (1/17/12)
Using LINUX a BCMB/CHEM 8190 Tutorial Updated (1/17/12) Objective: Learn some basic aspects of the UNIX operating system and how to use it. What is UNIX? UNIX is the operating system used by most computers
More informationLinux for Beginners. Windows users should download putty or bitvise:
Linux for Beginners Windows users should download putty or bitvise: https://putty.org/ Brief History UNIX (1969) written in PDP-7 assembly, not portable, and designed for programmers as a reaction by Bell
More informationLab Working with Linux Command Line
Introduction In this lab, you will use the Linux command line to manage files and folders and perform some basic administrative tasks. Recommended Equipment A computer with a Linux OS, either installed
More informationBrief Linux Presentation. July 10th, 2006 Elan Borenstein
Brief Linux Presentation July 10th, 2006 Elan Borenstein History 1965 - Bell Labs (AT&T), GE and MIT Project to develop a new (multiuser, multitasking) operating system - MULTICS. (not successful) History
More informationPractical Session 0 Introduction to Linux
School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Clayton Campus, Monash University CSE2303 and CSE2304 Semester I, 2001 Practical Session 0 Introduction to Linux Novell accounts. Every Monash student
More informationCENG 334 Computer Networks. Laboratory I Linux Tutorial
CENG 334 Computer Networks Laboratory I Linux Tutorial Contents 1. Logging In and Starting Session 2. Using Commands 1. Basic Commands 2. Working With Files and Directories 3. Permission Bits 3. Introduction
More informationStd: XI CHAPTER-3 LINUX
Commands: General format: Command Option Argument Command: ls - Lists the contents of a file. Option: Begins with minus sign (-) ls a Lists including the hidden files. Argument refers to the name of a
More informationEssential Unix and Linux! Perl for Bioinformatics, ! F. Pineda
Essential Unix and Linux! Perl for Bioinformatics, 140.636! F. Pineda Generic computer architecture Memory Storage Fig. 1.2 From Designing Embedded Hardware, 2 nd Ed. by John Catsoulis OS concepts Shell
More informationOperating Systems, Unix Files and Commands SEEM
Operating Systems, Unix Files and Commands SEEM 3460 1 Major Components of Operating Systems (OS) Process management Resource management CPU Memory Device File system Bootstrapping SEEM 3460 2 Programs
More informationCrash Course in Unix. For more info check out the Unix man pages -orhttp://www.cs.rpi.edu/~hollingd/unix. -or- Unix in a Nutshell (an O Reilly book).
Crash Course in Unix For more info check out the Unix man pages -orhttp://www.cs.rpi.edu/~hollingd/unix -or- Unix in a Nutshell (an O Reilly book). 1 Unix Accounts To access a Unix system you need to have
More informationFiles
http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~langley/cop3353-2013-1/reveal.js-2013-02-11/02.html?print-pdf 02/11/2013 10:55 AM Files A normal "flat" file is a collection of information. It's usually stored somewhere reasonably
More informationComputer Systems and Architecture
Computer Systems and Architecture Introduction to UNIX Stephen Pauwels University of Antwerp October 2, 2015 Outline What is Unix? Getting started Streams Exercises UNIX Operating system Servers, desktops,
More informationGNU/Linux Course Lesson 1. Puria Nafisi
GNU/Linux Course Lesson 1 Puria Nafisi Azizi @pna http://netstudent.polito.it Netstudent is an students volunteer association within the Politecnico di Torino. Is build of different people and students
More informationSystem Programming. Introduction to Unix
Content : by Dr. B. Boufama School of Computer Science University of Windsor Instructor: Dr. A. Habed adlane@cs.uwindsor.ca http://cs.uwindsor.ca/ adlane/60-256 Content Content 1 Introduction 2 3 Introduction
More informationIntroduction to Cygwin Operating Environment
Introduction to Cygwin Operating Environment ICT 106 Fundamentals of Computer Systems Eric Li ICT106_Pract_week 1 1 What s Cygwin? Emulates Unix/Linux environment on a Windows Operating System; A collection
More informationIntroduction to Linux Basics
Introduction to Linux Basics Part-I Georgia Advanced Computing Resource Center University of Georgia Zhuofei Hou, HPC Trainer zhuofei@uga.edu Outline What is GACRC? What is Linux? Linux Command, Shell
More informationContents. Note: pay attention to where you are. Note: Plaintext version. Note: pay attention to where you are... 1 Note: Plaintext version...
Contents Note: pay attention to where you are........................................... 1 Note: Plaintext version................................................... 1 Hello World of the Bash shell 2 Accessing
More informationOverview of the UNIX File System. Navigating and Viewing Directories
Overview of the UNIX File System Navigating and Viewing Directories Copyright 2006 Stewart Weiss The UNIX file system The most distinguishing characteristic of the UNIX file system is the nature of its
More informationIntroduction to Linux
Introduction to Operating Systems All computers that we interact with run an operating system There are several popular operating systems Operating Systems OS consists of a suite of basic software Operating
More informationWeek Overview. Unix file system File types and file naming Basic file system commands: pwd,cd,ls,mkdir,rmdir,mv,cp,rm man pages
ULI101 Week 02 Week Overview Unix file system File types and file naming Basic file system commands: pwd,cd,ls,mkdir,rmdir,mv,cp,rm man pages Text editing Common file utilities: cat,more,less,touch,file,find
More informationCST8207: GNU/Linux Operating Systems I Lab Six Linux File System Permissions. Linux File System Permissions (modes) - Part 1
Student Name: Lab Section: Linux File System Permissions (modes) - Part 1 Due Date - Upload to Blackboard by 8:30am Monday March 12, 2012 Submit the completed lab to Blackboard following the Rules for
More information