SAS/ETS 13.2 User s Guide. The TIMEID Procedure

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1 SAS/ETS 13.2 User s Guide The TIMEID Procedure

2 This document is an individual chapter from SAS/ETS 13.2 User s Guide. The correct bibliographic citation for the complete manual is as follows: SAS Institute Inc SAS/ETS 13.2 User s Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. Copyright 2014, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA All rights reserved. Produced in the United States of America. For a hard-copy book: No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, SAS Institute Inc. For a Web download or e-book: Your use of this publication shall be governed by the terms established by the vendor at the time you acquire this publication. The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book via the Internet or any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and punishable by law. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrighted materials. Your support of others rights is appreciated. U.S. Government License Rights; Restricted Rights: The Software and its documentation is commercial computer software developed at private expense and is provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS to the United States Government. Use, duplication or disclosure of the Software by the United States Government is subject to the license terms of this Agreement pursuant to, as applicable, FAR , DFAR (a), DFAR (a) and DFAR and, to the extent required under U.S. federal law, the minimum restricted rights as set out in FAR (DEC 2007). If FAR is applicable, this provision serves as notice under clause (c) thereof and no other notice is required to be affixed to the Software or documentation. The Government s rights in Software and documentation shall be only those set forth in this Agreement. SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, North Carolina August 2014 SAS provides a complete selection of books and electronic products to help customers use SAS software to its fullest potential. For more information about our offerings, visit support.sas.com/bookstore or call SAS and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. indicates USA registration. Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

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5 Chapter 31 The TIMEID Procedure Contents Overview: TIMEID Procedure Getting Started: TIMEID Procedure Syntax: TIMEID Procedure Functional Summary PROC TIMEID Statement BY Statement ID Statement Details: TIMEID Procedure Time ID Diagnostics Diagnostic Output Representation Inferring Time Intervals and Alignments Data Set Output Printed Tabular Output ODS Graphics Examples: TIMEID Procedure Example 31.1: Examining a Weekly Time ID Variable Example 31.2: Inferring a Date Interval Example 31.3: Examining Multiple BY Groups Overview: TIMEID Procedure The TIMEID procedure evaluates a variable in an input data set for its suitability as a time ID variable in SAS procedures and solutions that are used for time series analysis. PROC TIMEID assesses how well a time interval specification fits SAS date or datetime values, or observation numbers used to index a time series. The time interval used in this analysis can be either specified explicitly as input to PROC TIMEID or inferred by the procedure based on values of the time ID variable. The TIMEID procedure produces diagnostic information in the form of data sets and ODS tabular and plotted output. These diagnostic results summarize characteristics of the time ID variable that can help determine its use as an index in other time series procedures and solutions. PROC TIMEID is intended for use as a tool to either identify the time interval of a variable or prepare problematic data sets for use in subsequent time series analyses. In particular, this procedure can be used to investigate inconsistencies between time ID values and the ID statement options used in other SAS procedures and solutions.

6 2198 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure Getting Started: TIMEID Procedure When a data set contains a time ID variable with corrupted, missing, or duplicate values, PROC TIMEID can help isolate and identify these problematic observations. For a data set with a small number of ID variable anomalies and a known time interval, a graphical depiction of the problem areas can be created using the following statements: proc timeid data=<input-dataset> plot=values; id <time-id-variable> interval=<frequency>; run; For larger data sets whose quality is unknown, it can be useful to get a general overview of the relative number of observations with problematic time ID values. The following statements graphically summarize the prevalence of anomalous time ID values: proc timeid data=<input-dataset> plot=(intervalcounts offsets spans); id <time-id-variable> interval=<frequency>; run; When prior knowledge of the time interval that separates observations is incomplete, PROC TIMEID can be used to infer the interval by omitting the INTERVAL= option from the ID statement as in the following statements: proc timeid data=<input-dataset> outinterval=<output-dataset>; id <time-id-variable>; run; Syntax: TIMEID Procedure The TIMEID procedure uses the following statements: PROC TIMEID options ; BY variables ; ID variable < options > ;

7 Functional Summary 2199 Functional Summary The statements and options that control the TIMEID procedure are summarized in Table Table 31.1 Syntax Summary Description Statement Option Statements Specifies data sets and options Specifies BY-group processing Specifies the time ID variable PROC TIMEID BY ID Data Set Options Specifies the input data set PROC TIMEID DATA= Specifies the maximum number of ID values PROC TIMEID NBYOBS= to analyze Specifies the output frequency count data PROC TIMEID OUTFREQ= set Specifies the output interval data set PROC TIMEID OUTINTERVAL= Specifies the detailed output interval data set PROC TIMEID OUTINTERVALDETAILS= Time ID Options Specifies the interval alignment ID ALIGN= Specifies that duplicate time ID values can ID DUPLICATES be present in DATA= data set Specifies the time interval between observations ID INTERVAL= Specifies that time ID variable values are not sorted ID NOTSORTED Printing and Plotting Options Specifies the time ID format ID FORMAT= Specifies the types of graphical output PROC TIMEID PLOT= Specifies the types of printed output PROC TIMEID PRINT= Miscellaneous Options Limits error and warning messages PROC TIMEID MAXERROR=

8 2200 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure PROC TIMEID Statement PROC TIMEID options ; The following options can be used in the PROC TIMEID statement: DATA=SAS-data-set names the SAS data set that contains the input data for the procedure. If the DATA= option is not specified, the most recently created SAS data set is used. MAXERROR=number limits the number of warning and error messages produced during the execution of the procedure to the specified value. The default is MAXERRORS=50. This option is particularly useful in BY-group processing where it can be used to suppress recurring messages. NBYOBS=number limits the number of observations that are used to analyze the time ID variable. The NBYOBS= option should be used instead of the OBS= data set option when BY variables are specified. The NBYOBS= option excludes observations from incomplete BY groups in the analysis. This option guarantees that any truncation of the DATA= data set occurs at a BY-group boundary. Only BY groups that are completely contained within the first number of observations are processed. When the NBYOBS= option is omitted, all observations are processed. OUTFREQ=SAS-data-set names the output data set to contain the frequency counts of each unique value of the time ID variable. The frequency counts are performed on time ID values that are recorded in the DATA= data set. The time ID values are not aligned with respect to an interval prior to computation of the frequency counts. See the section OUTFREQ= Data Set on page 2206 for details. OUTINTERVAL=SAS-data-set names the output data set to contain the time ID interval information that is summarized across all BY groups in the DATA= data set. See the section OUTINTERVAL= Data Set on page 2206 for details. OUTINTERVALDETAILS=SAS-data-set names the output data set to contain the time ID interval information for each BY group. See the section OUTINTERVALDETAILS= Data Set on page 2207 for details. PLOT(global-option)=request-option (request-options) specifies the graphical output desired. By default, the TIMEID procedure produces no graphical output. The following global-options are available: UNPACK UNPACKPANELS suppresses paneling. By default, multiple plots can appear in some output panels. Specify UNPACKPANELS to get each plot in a separate panel. The following plot request-options are available: COUNTS INTCNTS INTERVALCOUNTS plots a histogram of the time ID interval counts. OFFSETS plots a histogram of the time offsets for the time ID values.

9 BY Statement 2201 PERIODS SPANS VALUES ALL plots a histogram of the spans between adjacent time ID values. plots a panel of the counts, offsets, and spans for each of the time ID values. is equivalent to specifying PLOT=(INTERVALCOUNTS SPANS OFF- SETS VALUES). See the section Time ID Diagnostics on page 2203 for details. PRINT=option (options) specifies the printed output desired. By default, the TIMEID procedure produces no printed output. The following printing options are available: COUNTS INTCNTS INTERVALCOUNTS prints a table that contains the counts of time ID values per interval. INTERVAL OFFSETS PERIODS SPANS VALUES ALL prints a summary of information about the time interval. prints a table that contains the time offsets for the time ID values. prints tables that contain statistics on the spans between adjacent time ID values. prints tables that contain offset span and count information for the time ID values. is equivalent to specifying PRINT=(INTERVALCOUNTS SPANS IN- TERVAL OFFSETS VALUES). See the section Time ID Diagnostics on page 2203 for details. BY Statement BY variables ; A BY statement can be used with PROC TIMEID to obtain separate analyses for groups of observations defined by the BY variables. When a BY statement appears, the procedure expects the input data set to be sorted in order of the BY variables. If your input data set is not sorted in ascending order, use one of the following alternatives: Sort the data by using the SORT procedure with a similar BY statement. Specify the option NOTSORTED or DESCENDING in the BY statement for the TIMESERIES procedure. The NOTSORTED option does not mean that the data are unsorted but rather that the data are arranged in groups (according to values of the BY variables) and that these groups are not necessarily in alphabetical or increasing numeric order. Create an index on the BY variables by using the DATASETS procedure. For more information about the BY statement, see SAS Language Reference: Concepts. For more information about the DATASETS procedure, see the discussion in the Base SAS Procedures Guide.

10 2202 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure ID Statement ID variable < options > ; The ID statement names a numeric variable that identifies observations in the input and output data sets. The ID variable s values are assumed to be SAS date or datetime values. The ID statement options specify how the time ID values are spaced and aligned relative to a SAS date or datetime interval. The INTERVAL= option specifies the fundamental spacing that is used as the basis for counting intervals, offsets, and spans in the data. Specification of the ID variable in an ID statement is required. ALIGN=alignment specifies the alignment of the identifying SAS date or datetime that is used to represent intervals. The value of the ALIGN= option is used in the analysis of the time ID variable. The ALIGN= option accepts the following values: BEGINNING BEG B, MIDDLE MID M, ENDING END E, and INFER. For example, ALIGN=BEGIN specifies that the identifying date for the interval is the beginning date in the interval. If the ALIGN= option is not specified, then the default alignment is BEGIN. ALIGN=INFER specifies that the alignment of values within time intervals be inferred from the time ID values. DUPLICATES specifies that multiple observations in the DATA= data set can fall within the same time interval as defined by the time ID variable. When this option is omitted and multiple time ID values are encountered in a single time interval, error messages are written to the SAS log. FORMAT=format specifies the SAS format used for time ID values in the data sets and in printed and plotted output that is generated by PROC TIMEID. If the FORMAT= option is not specified, the format applied to the input time ID variable is used. If neither of these formats is specified, the format is inferred from the INTERVAL= option. INTERVAL=interval specifies the proposed time interval and shift that describe the time ID values in the input data set. See Chapter 4, Date Intervals, Formats, and Functions, for more information about the intervals that can be specified. See the section Time ID Diagnostics on page 2203 for more information about how the INTERVAL= option determines the nature of diagnostic information reported by the TIMEID procedure. If no interval is specified, the procedure attempts to infer an interval from the input time ID values. See the section Inferring Time Intervals and Alignments on page 2205 for details about how the time interval is inferred. NOTSORTED specifies that the observations in the DATA= data set are not sorted by the time ID variable. When this option is omitted, error messages are generated for time ID values that are not sorted in ascending order.

11 Details: TIMEID Procedure 2203 Details: TIMEID Procedure Time ID Diagnostics For a specified time interval, PROC TIMEID decomposes the raw time ID values in an input data set into the following three quantities, whose values are represented by nonnegative integers at each unique time ID value in the input series: interval counts offsets the number of observations that share each time interval in the data set. the numerical difference between a time ID value and the aligned value for that time interval. The unit of measure used to express this distance is days for date values and seconds for datetime values. The offset is computed for each time ID value, t i, by using the following SAS expression: offset i D t i INTNX.interval; t i ; 0; alignment/ spans the number of intervals between each time ID value and the previous time ID value. The spans value is equivalent to the number returned by the following SAS expression: spans i D INTCK.interval; t i 1 ; t i / Diagnostic Output Representation The TIMEID procedure produces time ID diagnostics as both time-id-based and count-based frequency distributions to expose many of the possible problems that can occur in a time ID variable. The time-id-based frequency distributions that are generated with the PLOT= option provide a detailed view of time ID values that can isolate problems with specific ID values. Figure 31.1 shows a time series that has a span of 10 observations in a weekday series based on the results of the PLOT=(VALUES SPANS) option. The single large bar in the spans plot shows where data are omitted.

12 2204 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure Figure 31.1 Time ID Decomposition The count-based frequency distributions summarize features of the time ID variable. Individual printed and plotted outputs are available to describe the distribution of the number of spans, offsets, and interval counts that occur in the time ID variable. Figure 31.2 illustrates a count-based frequency distribution of the spans within the weekday series.

13 Inferring Time Intervals and Alignments 2205 Figure 31.2 Span Count Distribution The large bar at the span of 1 shows that most of the observations are correctly separated by one interval. The bar at 11 indicates that one observation is separated by 11 intervals from the preceding value of the time ID variable. This further illustrates a span of 10 omitted observations. Inferring Time Intervals and Alignments When the INTERVAL= option is not specified in the ID statement, a time interval is inferred from the time ID values in the input data set. The technique used to infer a time interval involves searching for the interval that fits the greatest number of time ID values. First, time ID values are sampled from the input data set to generate a set of candidate intervals. Then the candidate interval that is consistent with greatest number of time ID values is chosen to represent the time series. When the ALIGN=INFER option is specified, the convention that is used to specify time interval alignment is inferred from the time ID variable values by using a similar technique. When both the time interval and its alignment are to be inferred, each of the possible alignments, BEGIN, MIDDLE, and END, are considered in the search. Precedence in the search is given to intervals with the BEGIN alignment.

14 2206 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure Data Set Output The TIMEID procedure creates the OUTFREQ=, OUTINTERVAL=, and OUTINTERVALDETAILS= data sets. The OUTFREQ= and OUTINTERVALDETAILS= data sets contain the variables that are specified in the BY statement along with variables that characterize the time ID values. The OUTINTERVAL= option creates a data set without BY variables. The information in this data set summarizes time ID diagnostic information across all BY groups in the DATA= data set. OUTFREQ= Data Set The OUTFREQ= data set contains a single observation for each value of the time ID variable in the input data set for each BY group. Additionally, the following variables are written to the OUTFREQ= data set: COUNT PERCENT number of the occurrences of the time ID value percentage of all time ID values OUTINTERVAL= Data Set The OUTINTERVAL= data set contains information that is similar to the variables written to the OUTIN- TERVALDETAILS= data set; however, the OUTINTERVAL= data set summarizes the information across all BY groups into a single observation. The following variables are written to the OUTINTERVAL= data set: TIMEID START END STARTSHARED ENDSHARED NOBS N NMISS NBY NINVALID STATUS time ID variable smallest time ID interval largest time ID interval largest starting time ID interval smallest ending time ID interval number of observations number of nonmissing observations number of missing observations number of BY groups number of invalid observations status flag that indicates whether the requested analyses were successful: 0 The analysis completed successfully. 1 interval consistent but data contains gaps 2 interval not consistent with data 10 missing or invalid values found 20 ID values not sorted 21 duplicate ID values detected 30 fewer than 3 values found

15 Data Set Output 2207 MSG INTERVAL INTNAME MULTIPLIER SHIFT_INDEX ALIGNMENT SEASONALITY TOTALSEASONCYCLES SEASONCYCLESSHARED FORMAT 4000 Inference of a time interval from the data set failed Diagnosis of the DATA= data set for the specified time interval failed. a message that provides further details when the STATUS variable is not zero time interval that is specified or recommended time interval base name that is specified or recommended time interval multiplier that is specified or recommended time interval shift index that is specified or recommended time interval alignment that is specified or recommended seasonality determined from specified or recommended time interval total number of seasonal cycles spanned by all the observations number of seasonal cycles that are shared among all BY groups format of the time ID variable The START, END, STARTSHARED, and ENDSHARED variables are reported using the interval and alignment specified in the ID statement or inferred from the time ID values. OUTINTERVALDETAILS= Data Set The OUTINTERVALDETAILS= data set contains statistics about the time interval that is specified in the ID statement or inferred from the time ID values for each BY group. The following variables represent these statistics: TIMEID START END NOBS N NMISS NINVALID NINTCNTS PCTINTCNTS MININTCNT MAXINTCNT MEANINTCNT STDINTCNT MEDINTCNT NOFFSETS PCTOFFSETS time ID variable name starting time ID interval ending time ID interval number of observations number of nonmissing observations number of missing observations number of invalid observations number of unique interval count values percentage of interval counts greater than one minimum of interval counts maximum of interval counts mean of interval counts standard deviation of interval counts median of interval counts number of time ID offset percentage of time ID offset

16 2208 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure MINOFFSET MAXOFFSET MEANOFFSET STDOFFSET MEDOFFSET NSPANS PCTSPANS MINSPAN MAXSPAN MEANSPAN STDSPAN MEDSPAN STATUS minimum of time ID offsets maximum of time ID offsets mean of time ID offsets standard deviation of time ID offsets median of time ID offsets number of spans between time ID values percentage of spans between time ID values maximum of spans between time ID values minimum of spans between time ID values mean of spans between time ID values standard deviation of spans between time ID values median of spans between time ID values status flag that indicates whether the requested analyses were successful: MSG INTERVAL INTNAME MULTIPLIER SHIFT_INDEX ALIGNMENT SEASONALITY NSEASONCYCLES FORMAT 0 The analysis completed successfully. 1 interval consistent but data contains gaps 2 interval not consistent with data 10 missing or invalid values found 20 ID values not sorted 21 duplicate ID values detected 30 fewer than 3 values found 4000 Inference of a time interval from the data set failed Diagnosis of the DATA= data set for specified time interval failed. a message that provides further details when the STATUS variable is not zero time interval specified or recommended time interval base name specified or recommended time interval multiplier specified or recommended time interval shift index specified or recommended time interval alignment specified or recommended seasonality determined from specified or recommended time interval number of seasonal cycles spanned by the time ID values format of the time ID variable The START and END variables are reported using the interval and alignment specified in the ID statement or inferred from the time ID values.

17 ODS Graphics 2209 Printed Tabular Output The TIMEID procedure optionally produces printed output by using the Output Delivery System (ODS). By default, the procedure produces no printed output. The appearance of the printed tabular output is controlled by the PRINT= option in the PROC TIMEID statement. Table 31.2 relates the PRINT= options to the names of the ODS tables. Table 31.2 ODS Tables Produced in PROC TIMEID ODS Name Description PRINT= Option DataSet Information about the input data ALL set Decomposition Time ID counts, offsets, and VALUES spans Interval Information about the time interval INTERVAL IntervalCountsComponent Frequency distribution of interval INTERVALCOUNTS counts IntervalCountsStatistics Statistics on interval count frequency INTERVALCOUNTS distribution OffsetsComponent Frequency distribution of offsets OFFSETS OffsetStatistics Statistics on offset frequency distribution OFFSETS SpansComponent Frequency distribution of spans SPANS SpanStatistics Statistics on the span frequency SPANS distribution Values Time ID value counts VALUES ValueSummary Summary of the number of valid observations VALUES ODS Graphics Statistical procedures use ODS Graphics to create graphs as part of their output. ODS Graphics is described in detail in Chapter 21, Statistical Graphics Using ODS (SAS/STAT User s Guide). Before you create graphs, ODS Graphics must be enabled (for example, with the ODS GRAPHICS ON statement). For more information about enabling and disabling ODS Graphics, see the section Enabling and Disabling ODS Graphics in that chapter. The overall appearance of graphs is controlled by ODS styles. Styles and other aspects of using ODS Graphics are discussed in the section A Primer on ODS Statistical Graphics in that chapter. The TIMEID procedure uses ODS Graphics to produce plotted output as specified by the PLOT= option. Table 31.3 relates the PLOT= options to the names of the ODS Graphics objects.

18 2210 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure Table 31.3 ODS Graphics Produced by the PLOT= Option in PROC TIMEID ODS Graph Name Plot Description PLOT= Option DecompositionPlot Panel of spans, offsets, and counts VALUES for each time interval IntervalCountsComponentPlot Histogram of interval counts INTERVALCOUNTS IntervalCountsPlot Plot of counts for each time interval VALUES value OffsetComponentPlot Histogram of time ID offsets OFFSETS OffsetsPlot Plot of offsets for each time interval VALUES value SpanComponentPlot Histogram of span sizes between SPANS time ID values SpansPlot Plot of spans for each time interval VALUES value ValuesPlot Plot of counts of each time ID value VALUES Examples: TIMEID Procedure Example 31.1: Examining a Weekly Time ID Variable This example illustrates how problems in a weekly time series can be visualized and quantified using the TIMEID procedure s diagnostic capabilities. The following DATA step creates a data set that contains time values spaced in three week intervals where some weeks have been skipped or duplicated and some have been recorded on different weekdays. data triweek; format date date.; input date : datalines; 28DEC48 18JAN49 08FEB49 01MAR49 22MAR49 12APR49 03MAY49 24MAY49 17JUN49 05JUL49 26JUL49 16AUG49 06SEP49 27SEP49 18OCT49 08NOV49 29NOV49 20DEC49 10JAN50 04FEB50 21FEB50 14MAR50 04APR50 25APR50... more lines...

19 Example 31.1: Examining a Weekly Time ID Variable 2211 The following TIMEID procedure statements generate an ODS display of the time series that characterizes interval counts, offsets, and spans in the time ID variable. proc timeid data=triweek print=all plot=all; id date interval=week3; run; The Time ID decomposition listing and plot shown in Output and Output summarize how well the WEEK3 interval fits the time ID values by showing the number of counts, offsets, and spans for each time interval that is represented by the DATE variable. The listing in Output has been truncated to include only the first 10 observations. The Time ID plots in Output indicate that there are duplicated time ID values for a three-week time interval in the Counts plot. The duplicated time intervals have a Count value of 2. The Offsets plot shows which days in the 21 day cycle have been used to record each time interval in the series. The Spans plot records values of 2 for six time intervals where no observations were recorded in the previous interval. The three component plots are histogram summaries of the diagnostic quantities plotted against individual intervals in the decomposition plots. The component plots can be useful in diagnosing time series that contain many time intervals. Output Time ID Decomposition Listing Value Index Time Component date Offset Span Interval Count 1 Sun, 12 Dec Sun, 2 Jan Sun, 23 Jan Sun, 13 Feb Sun, 6 Mar Sun, 27 Mar Sun, 17 Apr Sun, 8 May Sun, 29 May Sun, 19 Jun

20 2212 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure Output Time ID Decomposition Plot Output and Output describe the distribution of counts of duplicated WEEK3 intervals in the TriWeek data set. For this data set there are 134 intervals that contain one DATE value, and 10 intervals that contain two DATE values. Output Time ID Interval Counts Listings The TIMEID Procedure Component Value Interval Index Count Frequency Percentage Minimum Maximum Statistics Summary Mean Standard Deviation

21 Example 31.1: Examining a Weekly Time ID Variable 2213 Output Time ID Interval Counts Histogram The offsets diagnostics Output and Output show the distribution of days in the 21-day WEEK3 interval used to record the time intervals in the series. The observations in the TriWeek data set represent intervals with five different offsets from the beginning of the WEEK3 interval: 0, 16, 18, 19 and 20. The high prevalence of intervals with offset 16 indicates that the TriWeek data set would be represented better using the WEEK3.17 interval. Output Time ID Offsets Listings The TIMEID Procedure Component Value Index Offset Frequency Percentage

22 2214 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure Output continued Minimum Maximum Statistics Summary Mean Standard Deviation Output Time ID Offsets Histogram The span diagnostics Output and Output show the distribution of the span sizes between successive DATE values. The TriWeek data set has three different span sizes of widths 0, 1 and 2. Here one span corresponds to the width of a WEEK3 interval.

23 Example 31.1: Examining a Weekly Time ID Variable 2215 Output Time ID Span Listings The TIMEID Procedure Component Value Index Span Frequency Percentage Minimum Maximum Statistics Summary Mean Standard Deviation Output Time ID Span Histogram

24 2216 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure Output and Output show the distribution of time ID values before alignment to the WEEK3 interval. The listing in Output has been truncated to include only the first 10 observations. Output Unaligned Time ID Listings Value Index Time ID Values for DATE date Frequency Percentage 1 Tue, 28 Dec Tue, 18 Jan Tue, 8 Feb Tue, 1 Mar Tue, 22 Mar Tue, 12 Apr Tue, 3 May Tue, 24 May Fri, 17 Jun Tue, 5 Jul Output Unaligned Time ID Histogram

25 Example 31.2: Inferring a Date Interval 2217 Example 31.2: Inferring a Date Interval This example illustrates how a time ID variable can be inferred from a data set when a sufficient number of observations are present. data workdays; format day weekdate.; input day : datalines; 01AUG09 06AUG09 11AUG09 14AUG09 19AUG09 22AUG09 27AUG09 01SEP09 04SEP09 09SEP09 12SEP09 17SEP09 ; proc timeid data=workdays print=interval; id day; run; The 12 observations in the WorkDays data set are enough to determine that the DAY time ID variable is represented by the WEEKDAY12W3 interval. The WEEKDAY12W3 interval corresponds to every third day of the week excluding Sundays and Mondays. Characteristics of this interval are shown in Output Output Inferred Time Interval Information The TIMEID Procedure Time Interval Analysis Summary Time ID Variable Time Interval Base Name day WEEKDAY12W3 WEEKDAY Multiplier 3 Shift 0 Length of Seasonal Cycle 5 Time ID Format Start End DATE9. 01AUG SEP2009

26 2218 Chapter 31: The TIMEID Procedure Example 31.3: Examining Multiple BY Groups This example illustrates how a time ID variable can be examined independently over each BY group and summarized over all observations in the DATA= data set. data bygroups; format tid date.; input tid : date. datalines; 24NOV NOV NOV NOV NOV DEC DEC DEC more lines... The following TIMEID procedure statements generate two data sets that summarize a data set with four BY groups. proc timeid data=bygroups outintervaldetails=int outinterval=intsum; id tid; by by; run; The summarized information in Output shows that BY groups 2, 3, and 4 in the ByGroups data set contain some duplicate values and spans, and group 1 conforms exactly to the WEEKDAY17W interval. This listing also shows that the date ranges in these two BY groups start and end on different days and that they overlap between December 7, 2009, and December 28, Output Selected Variables in the Combined OUTINTERVALDETAILS= OUTINTERVAL= Data Sets by N NINTCNTS PCTINTCNTS NOFFSETS PCTOFFSETS NSPANS PCTSPANS STATUS INTERVAL START END SEASONALITY NSEASONCYCLES STARTSHARED ENDSHARED WEEKDAY17W 24NOV09 28DEC WEEKDAY17W 27NOV09 31DEC WEEKDAY17W 02DEC09 05JAN WEEKDAY17W 07DEC09 08JAN WEEKDAY17W 24NOV09 08JAN DEC09 28DEC09 NBY TOTALSEASONCYCLES SEASONCYCLESSHARED

27 Index ALIGN= option TIMEID procedure, 2202 BY statement TIMEID procedure, 2201 DATA= option PROC TIMEID statement, 2200 DUPLICATES option TIMEID procedure, 2202 FORMAT= option TIMEID procedure, 2202 FREQ= option PROC TIMEID statement, 2200 ID statement TIMEID procedure, 2202 INTERVAL= option TIMEID procedure, 2202 MAXERROR= option PROC TIMEID statement, 2200 NBYOBS= option PROC TIMEID statement, 2200 NOTSORTED option TIMEID procedure, 2202 OUTINTERVAL= option PROC TIMEID statement, 2200 OUTINTERVALDETAILS= option PROC TIMEID statement, 2200 PLOT= option PROC TIMEID statement, 2200 PRINT= option PROC TIMEID statement, 2201 PROC TIMEID statement, 2200 TIMEID procedure, 2198 syntax, 2198

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