Nexpose. Hardening Guide. Product version: 6.0

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Derek Fleming
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1 Nexpose Hardening Guide Product version: 6.0

2 Table of contents Table of contents 2 Revision history 3 File System 4 Installation 5 Configuration 6 Users 6 Services 6 Kernel Settings 6 CIS Benchmarks 8 Not Configured 8 Customer Configured 8 Updates 10 Offline Updates 11 Table of contents 2

3 Revision history Copyright 2015 Rapid7, LLC. Boston, Massachusetts, USA. All rights reserved. Rapid7 and Nexpose are trademarks of Rapid7, Inc. Other names appearing in this content may be trademarks of their respective owners.copyright 2015 Symantec Corporation. All rights reserved. For internal use only. Revision date November 30, 2015 Created document. Description Revision history 3

4 File System The Rapid7 appliance file system consists of a bootable ext3 partition and an LVM volume. The LVM volume contains the root partition / and a LUKS encrypted /opt partition that contains all the Nexpose data. File System 4

5 Installation The Rapid7 appliance base OS is a minimal install of Ubuntu A minimal install provides the following benefits: Approximately 270 packages, where a full server install typically consists of over 750 package Reduced attack surface (i.e. fewer packages to exploit) Faster patching (meaning fewer packages to upgrade) Improved performance (fewer services for the OS to manage) Installation 5

6 Configuration Users The Rapid7 appliance is only configured with a single user account. The username is administrator and the default password is rapid7. The default password will expire by default upon first login. The user will then be required to set a complex password. The password must be more than 8 characters and include at least three of the four options below: At least one uppercase letter At least one lowercase letter At least one number At least one special character (!@#$%^&*()) The new password cannot be a simple dictionary word. Note: The root account has no password set to allow password recovery via single-user mode. Also, Rapid7 does not provide any other method for password recovery other than booting to single-user mode. Therefore, if a root password is set and subsequently forgotten, there is no way to recover the password. Services The Rapid7 appliance is configured with only 2 services that listen on the network. Nexpose: Listens for HTTPS requests on port 3780 SSH: Listens for connections on port 22 Kernel Settings The Rapid7 appliance configures several kernel parameter via sysctl settings. The following files configure specific sysctl settings. Configuration 6

7 60-r7-cis.conf: CIS Benchmark specific settings 60-r7-nexpose.conf: Nexpose specific optimizations 60-r7-security.conf: Security settings not covered by CIS Benchmarks For more details, see the corresponding 60-r7-*.conf file in the /etc/sysctl.d/ folder on the appliance. Kernel Settings 7

8 CIS Benchmarks The Rapid7 appliance includes most of the CIS Benchmarks for Ubuntu For more details, see the CIS Ubuntu LTS Server Benchmark. See /root/cisbenchmark.log on the appliance for more details about which CIS benchmarks are configured. Not Configured Some of the CIS benchmarks were not implemented by default. The reason why some CIS benchmarks were not implemented varies depending on the benchmark. Some reasons include: Reduced functionality: Some recommended CIS benchmarks make remote management difficult For example, setting a boot password for grub. This would require a user to have physical access to the appliance and enter the password at the boot prompt. Unnecessary complexity: Some recommended CIS benchmarks for the file system introduce unnecessary complexity For example, creating separate partitions for /var, /var/log, and /home. There is only one user configured on the appliance and Nexpose saves all logs to the /opt partition. Impact Nexpose functionality: Some recommended CIS benchmarks may reduce or break Nexpose functionality For example, it is NOT recommended to run AppArmor or AIDE. It is also NOT recommended to run restrictive firewall rules as they can negatively impact scan performance. Customer Configured Some CIS benchmarks must be configured by the end user in accordance with their organization's security policies. It is recommended that customers configure the following services in accordance with their organization's security policies. SSH for remote management rsyslog for remote logging logrotate for log rotation auditd for auditing CIS Benchmarks 8

9 It is also recommended that customers configure password policies in accordance with their organization's security policies Customer Configured 9

10 Updates The Rapid7 appliance is shipped with all the latest Ubuntu updates. All Ubuntu update repositories remain intact. Customers are responsible for applying all future Ubuntu updates. A script is included on the appliance to facilitate unattended updates. Run /root/postinstall/tools/updateappliance.sh to apply Ubuntu updates. Automatic Updates The Rapid7 appliance can be configured to perform automatic updates of the Ubuntu OS. See etc/apt/apt.conf.d/30r7applaptupdate for more details. Updates 10

11 Offline Updates The Rapid7 appliance supports performing offline OS updates in accordance with Ubuntu's recommendations. See Ubuntu's AptGet/Offline/Repository page for complete details on offline updates. Offline Updates 11

Appliance Guide. Version 1.0

Appliance Guide. Version 1.0 Appliance Guide Version 1.0 Contents Contents 1 Revision history 2 Getting Started 3 Getting to Know the R7-3000/5000/5000x 5 Getting to Know the R7-1000 6 Setting Up the Appliance 7 Logging in to the