CS 550 Operating Systems Spring Process I
|
|
- Ambrose Nicholas Bridges
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CS 550 Operating Systems Spring 2018 Process I 1
2 Process Informal definition: A process is a program in execution. Process is not the same as a program. Program is a passive entity stored in the disk Process is an actively executing entity Program is just one component of a process. 2
3 Programs and Processes Process The running instantiation of a program, stored in RAM Program An executable file in long-term storage One-to-many relationship between program and processes 3
4 Programs How is a program (i.e., an executable binary file) formatted? main.c int buf[2] = {1, 2}; int main() { swap(); return 0; } swap.c extern int buf[]; int *bufp0 = &buf[0]; static int *bufp1; void swap() { int temp; bufp1 = &buf[1]; temp = *bufp0; *bufp0 = *bufp1; *bufp1 = temp; } 4
5 Programs How is a program (i.e., an executable binary file) formatted? The compiler compiles source code into relocatable object files. The linker links all necessary relocatable object files into an executable object file (i.e., the program). 5
6 Static Linking Programs are translated and linked using a compiler driver: unix> gcc -O2 -g -o p main.c swap.c unix>./p main.c swap.c Source files Translators (cpp, cc1, as) main.o Linker (ld) Translators (cpp, cc1, as) swap.o Separately compiled (relocatable) object files p Fully linked program (executable object file) (contains code and data for all functions defined in main.c and swap.c) 6
7 Executable Object files Object file formats vary from system to system DOS: MZ executables (*.exe) Named after Mark Zbikowski, a DOS developer Windows Portable Executable (PE, PE32+) (*.exe) Modified version of Unix COFF executable format Mac OSX: Mach object file format (Mach-O) Unix/Linux: Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) 7
8 Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) Standard binary format for object files for Unix and Unix-like systems on x86. Originally proposed by AT&T System V Unix Later adopted by BSD Unix variants and Linux One unified format for Relocatable object files (.o), Executable object files (a.out) Shared object files (.so) Generic name: ELF binaries 8
9 ELF Object File Format Elf header Word size, byte ordering, file type (.o, exec,.so), machine type, etc. Segment header table Page size, virtual addresses memory segments (sections), segment sizes..text section Code.rodata section Read only data.data section Initialized global variables.bss section Uninitialized global variables Block Started by Symbol Better Save Space Has section header but occupies no space ELF header Segment header table (required for executables).text section.rodata section.data section.bss section.symtab section.rel.txt section.rel.data section.debug section Section header table 9 0
10 ELF Header readelf -h p ELF Header: Magic: 7f 45 4c Class: ELF64 Data: 2's complement, little endian Version: 1 (current) OS/ABI: UNIX - System V ABI Version: 0 Type: EXEC (Executable file) Machine: Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 Version: 0x1 Entry point address: 0x Start of program headers: 64 (bytes into file) Start of section headers: 6784 (bytes into file) Flags: 0x0 Size of this header: 64 (bytes) Size of program headers: 56 (bytes) Number of program headers: 9 Size of section headers: 64 (bytes) Number of section headers: 31 Section header string table index: 28 10
11 More Sources (ELF) ELF Wiki able_format ELF 101: 11
12 Programs When you double-click on a program (or use command line), how does the OS turn the file on disk into a process? Load time The loader creates a process for the program, loads the program to RAM, or more precisely, to the address space of the process, and starts executing the first instruction of the program. 12
13 Loading executable object files p is not a built-in shell command shell assumes p is an executable object file shell invokes the loader (some memory-resident OS code) to run the program p. Unix/Linux programs can invoke loader by calling the execve function (introduced later). The loader copies the code and data in the executable object file from disk into memory, and then runs the program by jumping to its first instruction, or the entry point. This process of copying the program into memory and then running it is known as loading. 13
14 So what else constitutes a process? Memory space (static, dynamic) Procedure call stack Registers and counters : Program counter, Stack pointer, General purpose registers Open files, connections 14
15 References Chapter 4 of OSTEP book Chapter 2 of the Tanenbaum s book Man pages for different system calls Try man 2 <syscall_name> E.g. man 2 exec Syscalls are normally listed in section 2 of the man page Google for Linux source code 15
16 Backups 16
Exercise Session 7 Computer Architecture and Systems Programming
Systems Group Department of Computer Science ETH Zürich Exercise Session 7 Computer Architecture and Systems Programming Herbstsemester 2014 Review of last week s excersice structs / arrays in Assembler
More informationSystems Programming and Computer Architecture ( ) Timothy Roscoe
Systems Group Department of Computer Science ETH Zürich Systems Programming and Computer Architecture (252-0061-00) Timothy Roscoe Herbstsemester 2016 AS 2016 Linking 1 12: Linking Computer Architecture
More informationC03c: Linkers and Loaders
CISC 3320 MW3 C03c: Linkers and Loaders Hui Chen Department of Computer & Information Science CUNY Brooklyn College 2/4/2019 CUNY Brooklyn College: CISC 3320 OS 1 Outline Linkers and linking Loaders and
More informationLinking. Explain what ELF format is. Explain what an executable is and how it got that way. With huge thanks to Steve Chong for his notes from CS61.
Linking Topics How do you transform a collection of object files into an executable? How is an executable structured? Why is an executable structured as it is? Learning Objectives: Explain what ELF format
More informationLecture 16: Linking Computer Architecture and Systems Programming ( )
Systems Group Department of Computer Science ETH Zürich Lecture 16: Linking Computer Architecture and Systems Programming (252-0061-00) Timothy Roscoe Herbstsemester 2012 Last time: memory hierarchy L1/L2
More informationELF (1A) Young Won Lim 10/22/14
ELF (1A) Copyright (c) 2010-2014 Young W. Lim. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
More informationExample C program. 11: Linking. Why linkers? Modularity! Static linking. Why linkers? Efficiency! What do linkers do? 10/28/2013
Example C program 11: Linking Computer Architecture and Systems Programming 252 61, Herbstsemester 213 Timothy Roscoe main.c int buf[2] = 1, 2; swap(); return ; swap.c static int *bufp = &buf[]; void swap()
More informationCSE2421 Systems1 Introduction to Low-Level Programming and Computer Organization
Spring 2013 CSE2421 Systems1 Introduction to Low-Level Programming and Computer Organization Kitty Reeves TWRF 8:00-8:55am 1 Compiler Drivers = GCC When you invoke GCC, it normally does preprocessing,
More informationLINKING. Jo, Heeseung
LINKING Jo, Heeseung PROGRAM TRANSLATION (1) A simplistic program translation scheme m.c ASCII source file Translator p Binary executable object file (memory image on disk) Problems: - Efficiency: small
More informationLinking. Computer Systems Organization (Spring 2017) CSCI-UA 201, Section 3. Instructor: Joanna Klukowska
Linking Computer Systems Organization (Spring 2017) CSCI-UA 201, Section 3 Instructor: Joanna Klukowska Slides adapted from Randal E. Bryant and David R. O Hallaron (CMU) Mohamed Zahran (NYU) Example C
More informationCompiler Drivers = GCC
Compiler Drivers = GCC When you invoke GCC, it normally does preprocessing, compilation, assembly and linking, as needed, on behalf of the user accepts options and file names as operands % gcc O1 -g -o
More informationExample C Program The course that gives CMU its Zip! Linking March 2, Static Linking. Why Linkers? Page # Topics
15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zip! Topics Linking March 2, 24 Static linking Dynamic linking Case study: Library interpositioning Example C Program main.c int buf[2] = 1, 2; int main() swap(); return
More informationA Simplistic Program Translation Scheme
A Simplistic Program Translation Scheme m.c ASCII source file Translator p Binary executable object file (memory image on disk) Problems: Efficiency: small change requires complete recompilation Modularity:
More informationComputer Systems. Linking. Han, Hwansoo
Computer Systems Linking Han, Hwansoo Example C Program int sum(int *a, int n); int array[2] = {1, 2}; int sum(int *a, int n) { int i, s = 0; int main() { int val = sum(array, 2); return val; } main.c
More informationLinking February 24, 2005
15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zip! Linking February 24, 2005 Topics Static linking Dynamic linking Case study: Library interpositioning 13-linking.ppt Example C Program main.c int buf[2] = {1, 2};
More informationLecture 12-13: Linking
CSCI-UA.0201-003 Computer Systems Organization Lecture 12-13: Linking Mohamed Zahran (aka Z) mzahran@cs.nyu.edu http://www.mzahran.com Source Code to Execution C source Assembly Assembly Compiler Assembly
More informationCSE 2421: Systems I Low-Level Programming and Computer Organization. Linking. Presentation N. Introduction to Linkers
CSE 2421: Systems I Low-Level Programming and Computer Organization Linking Read/Study: Bryant 7.1 7.10 Gojko Babić 11-15-2017 Introduction to Linkers Linking is the process of collecting and combining
More informationComputer Systems Organization
Computer Systems Organization 1 Outline 2 A software view User Interface 3 How it works 4 The gcc compilation system 5 The gcc compilation system hello.c (source code) Pre-processor (cpp) hello.i (modified
More informationCOMPILING OBJECTS AND OTHER LANGUAGE IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES. Credit: Mostly Bryant & O Hallaron
COMPILING OBJECTS AND OTHER LANGUAGE IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES Credit: Mostly Bryant & O Hallaron Word-Oriented Memory Organization Addresses Specify Byte Locations Address of first byte in word Addresses
More informationLinking and Loading. CS61, Lecture 16. Prof. Stephen Chong October 25, 2011
Linking and Loading CS61, Lecture 16 Prof. Stephen Chong October 25, 2011 Announcements Midterm exam in class on Thursday 80 minute exam Open book, closed note. No electronic devices allowed Please be
More informationRevealing Internals of Linkers. Zhiqiang Lin
CS 6V81-05: System Security and Malicious Code Analysis Revealing Internals of Linkers Zhiqiang Lin Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas March 26 th, 2012 Outline 1 Background 2
More informationSungkyunkwan University
Linking Case study: Library interpositioning main.c int buf[2] = {1, 2}; int main() { swap(); return 0; } swap.c extern int buf[]; int *bufp0 = &buf[0]; static int *bufp1; void swap() { int temp; } bufp1
More informationLink 2. Object Files
Link 2. Object Files Young W. Lim 2017-09-23 Sat Young W. Lim Link 2. Object Files 2017-09-23 Sat 1 / 40 Outline 1 Linking - 2. Object Files Based on Oject Files ELF Sections Example Program Source Codes
More informationLink 3. Symbols. Young W. Lim Mon. Young W. Lim Link 3. Symbols Mon 1 / 42
Link 3. Symbols Young W. Lim 2017-09-11 Mon Young W. Lim Link 3. Symbols 2017-09-11 Mon 1 / 42 Outline 1 Linking - 3. Symbols Based on Symbols Symbol Tables Symbol Table Examples main.o s symbol table
More informationLinking Oct. 15, 2002
15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zip! Topics Linking Oct. 15, 2002 Static linking Object files Static libraries Loading Dynamic linking of shared libraries class15.ppt Linker Puzzles int x; p1() {}
More informationLink 2. Object Files
Link 2. Object Files Young W. Lim 2017-09-20 Wed Young W. Lim Link 2. Object Files 2017-09-20 Wed 1 / 33 Outline 1 Linking - 2. Object Files Based on Oject Files ELF Sections Example Program Source Codes
More informationExample C Program. Linking CS Instructor: Sanjeev Se(a. int buf[2] = {1, 2}; extern int buf[]; int main() { swap(); return 0; }
Linking Instructor: Sanjeev Se(a 1 Example C Program main.c int buf[2] = {1, 2; int main() { swap(); return 0; swap.c extern int buf[]; static int *bufp0 = &buf[0]; static int *bufp1; void swap() { int
More informationELF (1A) Young Won Lim 3/24/16
ELF (1A) Copyright (c) 21-216 Young W. Lim. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
More informationGenerating Programs and Linking. Professor Rick Han Department of Computer Science University of Colorado at Boulder
Generating Programs and Linking Professor Rick Han Department of Computer Science University of Colorado at Boulder CSCI 3753 Announcements Moodle - posted last Thursday s lecture Programming shell assignment
More informationExecutables and Linking. CS449 Spring 2016
Executables and Linking CS449 Spring 2016 Remember External Linkage Scope? #include int global = 0; void foo(); int main() { foo(); printf( global=%d\n, global); return 0; } extern int
More informationAssembly Language Programming Linkers
Assembly Language Programming Linkers November 14, 2017 Placement problem (relocation) Because there can be more than one program in the memory, during compilation it is impossible to forecast their real
More information(Extract from the slides by Terrance E. Boult
What software engineers need to know about linking and a few things about execution (Extract from the slides by Terrance E. Boult http://vast.uccs.edu/~tboult/) A Simplistic Program Translation Scheme
More informationComputer Organization: A Programmer's Perspective
A Programmer's Perspective Linking Gal A. Kaminka galk@cs.biu.ac.il A Simplistic Program Translation Scheme m.c ASCII source file Translator p Binary executable object file (memory image on disk) Problems:
More informationE = 2 e lines per set. S = 2 s sets tag. valid bit B = 2 b bytes per cache block (the data) CSE351 Inaugural EdiNon Spring
Last Time Caches E = 2 e lines per set Address of word: t bits s bits b bits S = 2 s sets tag set index block offset data begins at this offset v tag 0 1 2 B 1 valid bit B = 2 b bytes per cache block (the
More informationSystems Programming. Fatih Kesgin &Yusuf Yaslan Istanbul Technical University Computer Engineering Department 18/10/2005
Systems Programming Fatih Kesgin &Yusuf Yaslan Istanbul Technical University Computer Engineering Department 18/10/2005 Outline How to assemble and link nasm ld gcc Debugging Using gdb; breakpoints,registers,
More informationECE 471 Embedded Systems Lecture 4
ECE 471 Embedded Systems Lecture 4 Vince Weaver http://www.eece.maine.edu/ vweaver vincent.weaver@maine.edu 12 September 2013 Announcements HW#1 will be posted later today For next class, at least skim
More informationECE 598 Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 10
ECE 598 Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 10 Vince Weaver http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver vincent.weaver@maine.edu 22 February 2018 Announcements Homework #5 will be posted 1 Blocking vs Nonblocking
More informationCS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment
CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Slide 1 CS631 - Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment Shared Libraries Department of Computer Science Stevens Institute of Technology Jan Schaumann
More informationCOS 318: Operating Systems
COS 318: Operating Systems Overview Kai Li Computer Science Department Princeton University (http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/cos318/) Important Times Lectures 9/20 Lecture is here Other lectures in
More informationCS2141 Software Development using C/C++ Libraries
CS2141 Software Development using C/C++ Compilation and linking /* p1.c */ int x; int z; main() { x=0; z=0; printf("f(3)=%d x=%d z=%d\n",f(3),x,z); } Code for int f(int) not available yet, nor printf()
More informationLinking. Today. Next time. Static linking Object files Static & dynamically linked libraries. Exceptional control flows
Linking Today Static linking Object files Static & dynamically linked libraries Next time Exceptional control flows Fabián E. Bustamante, 2007 Example C program main.c void swap(); int buf[2] = {1, 2;
More informationECE 498 Linux Assembly Language Lecture 1
ECE 498 Linux Assembly Language Lecture 1 Vince Weaver http://www.eece.maine.edu/ vweaver vincent.weaver@maine.edu 13 November 2012 Assembly Language: What s it good for? Understanding at a low-level what
More informationExecutables and Linking. CS449 Fall 2017
Executables and Linking CS449 Fall 2017 Remember External Linkage Scope? #include int global = 0; void foo(); int main() { } foo(); printf( global=%d\n, global); return 0; extern int
More informationCS240: Programming in C
CS240: Programming in C Lecture 2: Hello World! Cristina Nita-Rotaru Lecture 2/ Fall 2013 1 Introducing C High-level programming language Developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Labs
More informationCIT 595 Spring System Software: Programming Tools. Assembly Process Example: First Pass. Assembly Process Example: Second Pass.
System Software: Programming Tools Programming tools carry out the mechanics of software creation within the confines of the operating system and hardware environment Linkers & Loaders CIT 595 Spring 2010
More informationCOS 318: Operating Systems. Overview. Andy Bavier Computer Science Department Princeton University
COS 318: Operating Systems Overview Andy Bavier Computer Science Department Princeton University http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall10/cos318/ Logistics Precepts: Tue: 7:30pm-8:30pm, 105 CS
More informationProcess Environment. Pradipta De
Process Environment Pradipta De pradipta.de@sunykorea.ac.kr Today s Topic Program to process How is a program loaded by the kernel How does kernel set up the process Outline Review of linking and loading
More informationVirtual Memory Paging
Virtual Memory Paging An important task of a virtual-memory system is to relocate pages from physical memory out to disk Early UNIX systems swapped out the entire process at once Modern UNIX systems relay
More informationOperating Systems CMPSC 473. Process Management January 29, Lecture 4 Instructor: Trent Jaeger
Operating Systems CMPSC 473 Process Management January 29, 2008 - Lecture 4 Instructor: Trent Jaeger Last class: Operating system structure and basics Today: Process Management Why Processes? We have programs,
More informationCS 33. Linkers. CS33 Intro to Computer Systems XXV 1 Copyright 2017 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved.
CS 33 Linkers CS33 Intro to Computer Systems XXV 1 Copyright 2017 Thomas W. Doeppner. All rights reserved. gcc Steps 1) Compile to start here, supply.c file to stop here: gcc -S (produces.s file) if not
More informationCS 201 Linking Gerson Robboy Portland State University
CS 201 Linking Gerson Robboy Portland State University 1 15-213, F 02 A Simplistic Program Translation Scheme m.c ASCII source file Translator p Binary executable object file (memory image on disk) Problems:
More informationDraft. Chapter 1 Program Structure. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 The 0s and the 1s. 1.3 Bits and Bytes. 1.4 Representation of Numbers in Memory
Chapter 1 Program Structure In the beginning there were 0s and 1s. GRR 1.1 Introduction In this chapter we will talk about memory: bits, bytes and how data is represented in the computer. We will also
More informationCS356: Discussion #6 Assembly Procedures and Arrays. Marco Paolieri
CS356: Discussion #6 Assembly Procedures and Arrays Marco Paolieri (paolieri@usc.edu) Procedures Functions are a key abstraction in software They break down a problem into subproblems. Reusable functionality:
More informationCompiler, Assembler, and Linker
Compiler, Assembler, and Linker Minsoo Ryu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hanyang University msryu@hanyang.ac.kr What is a Compilation? Preprocessor Compiler Assembler Linker Loader Contents
More informationCross Compiling. Real Time Operating Systems and Middleware. Luca Abeni
Cross Compiling Real Time Operating Systems and Middleware Luca Abeni luca.abeni@unitn.it The Kernel Kernel OS component interacting with hardware Runs in privileged mode (Kernel Space KS) User Level Kernel
More informationLecture Topics. Announcements. Today: Operating System Overview (Stallings, chapter , ) Next: Processes (Stallings, chapter
Lecture Topics Today: Operating System Overview (Stallings, chapter 2.1-2.4, 2.8-2.10) Next: Processes (Stallings, chapter 3.1-3.6) 1 Announcements Consulting hours posted Self-Study Exercise #3 posted
More informationCS240: Programming in C. Lecture 2: Overview
CS240: Programming in C Lecture 2: Overview 1 Programming Model How does C view the world? Stack Memory code Globals 2 Programming Model Execution mediated via a stack function calls and returns local
More informationu Linking u Case study: Library interpositioning
u Linking u Case study: Library interpositioning int sum(int *a, int n); int array[2] = {1, 2}; int sum(int *a, int n) { int i, s = 0; int main() { int val = sum(array, 2); return val; } main.c } for (i
More information9/19/18. COS 318: Operating Systems. Overview. Important Times. Hardware of A Typical Computer. Today CPU. I/O bus. Network
Important Times COS 318: Operating Systems Overview Jaswinder Pal Singh and a Fabulous Course Staff Computer Science Department Princeton University (http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/cos318/) u Precepts:
More informationLinker Puzzles The course that gives CMU its Zip! Linking Mar 4, A Simplistic Program Translation Scheme. A Better Scheme Using a Linker
15-213 The course that gives CMU its Zi! Toics Static linking Object files Linking Mar 4, 2003 Static libraries Loading Dynamic linking of shared libraries Linker Puzzles 1() { 1() { 1() { 1() { int x=7;
More informationProcess Address Spaces and Binary Formats
Process Address Spaces and Binary Formats Don Porter Background We ve talked some about processes This lecture: discuss overall virtual memory organizafon Key abstracfon: Address space We will learn about
More informationECE 598 Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 11
ECE 598 Advanced Operating Systems Lecture 11 Vince Weaver http://www.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver vincent.weaver@maine.edu 23 February 2016 Announcements Homework #5 Posted Some notes, discovered the hard
More informationDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering Yonghong Yan
Appendix A and Chapter 2.12: Compiler, Assembler, Linker and Program Execution CSCE 212 Introduction to Computer Architecture, Spring 2019 https://passlab.github.io/csce212/ Department of Computer Science
More informationECE 471 Embedded Systems Lecture 5
ECE 471 Embedded Systems Lecture 5 Vince Weaver http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver vincent.weaver@maine.edu 13 September 2016 HW#2 is due Thursday It is going OK? Announcements 1 Homework #1 Review Characteristics
More informationOperating Systems CS3502 Spring 2018
Operating Systems CS3502 Spring 2018 Presented by Dr. Guoliang Liu Department of Computer Science College of Computing and Software Engineering Kennesaw State University Computer Systems See Appendix G
More informationCNIT 127: Exploit Development. Ch 3: Shellcode. Updated
CNIT 127: Exploit Development Ch 3: Shellcode Updated 1-30-17 Topics Protection rings Syscalls Shellcode nasm Assembler ld GNU Linker objdump to see contents of object files strace System Call Tracer Removing
More informationSoumava Ghosh The University of Texas at Austin
Soumava Ghosh The University of Texas at Austin Agenda Overview of programs that perform I/O Linking, loading and the x86 model Modifying programs to perform I/O on the x86 model Interpreting and loading
More informationIntermediate Programming, Spring 2017*
600.120 Intermediate Programming, Spring 2017* Misha Kazhdan *Much of the code in these examples is not commented because it would otherwise not fit on the slides. This is bad coding practice in general
More informationLanguage Translation. Compilation vs. interpretation. Compilation diagram. Step 1: compile. Step 2: run. compiler. Compiled program. program.
Language Translation Compilation vs. interpretation Compilation diagram Step 1: compile program compiler Compiled program Step 2: run input Compiled program output Language Translation compilation is translation
More informationOutline. 1 Background. 2 ELF Linking. 3 Static Linking. 4 Dynamic Linking. 5 Summary. Linker. Various Stages. 1 Linking can be done at compile.
Outline CS 6V81-05: System Security and Malicious Code Analysis Revealing Internals of Linkers Zhiqiang Lin Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas March 26 th, 2012 1 Background 2
More informationLinking and Loading. ICS312 - Spring 2010 Machine-Level and Systems Programming. Henri Casanova
Linking and Loading ICS312 - Spring 2010 Machine-Level and Systems Programming Henri Casanova (henric@hawaii.edu) The Big Picture High-level code char *tmpfilename; int num_schedulers=0; int num_request_submitters=0;
More informationCS 550 Operating Systems Spring Process II
CS 550 Operating Systems Spring 2018 Process II 1 Recap: Process Informal definition: A process is a program in execution. Process is not the same as a program. Program is a passive entity stored in the
More informationPROCESS VIRTUAL MEMORY. CS124 Operating Systems Winter , Lecture 18
PROCESS VIRTUAL MEMORY CS124 Operating Systems Winter 2015-2016, Lecture 18 2 Programs and Memory Programs perform many interactions with memory Accessing variables stored at specific memory locations
More informationWindows architecture. user. mode. Env. subsystems. Executive. Device drivers Kernel. kernel. mode HAL. Hardware. Process B. Process C.
Structure Unix architecture users Functions of the System tools (shell, editors, compilers, ) standard library System call Standard library (printf, fork, ) OS kernel: processes, memory management, file
More informationEmbedded Systems Programming
Embedded Systems Programming ES Development Environment (Module 3) Yann-Hang Lee Arizona State University yhlee@asu.edu (480) 727-7507 Summer 2014 Embedded System Development Need a real-time (embedded)
More information238P: Operating Systems. Lecture 7: Basic Architecture of a Program. Anton Burtsev January, 2018
238P: Operating Systems Lecture 7: Basic Architecture of a Program Anton Burtsev January, 2018 What is a program? What parts do we need to run code? Parts needed to run a program Code itself By convention
More informationLecture 8: linking CS 140. Dawson Engler Stanford CS department
Lecture 8: linking CS 140 Dawson Engler Stanford CS department Today s Big Adventure Linking f.c gcc f.s as f.o c.c gcc c.s as c.o ld a.out how to name and refer to things that don t exist yet how to merge
More informationReminder: compiling & linking
Reminder: compiling & linking source file 1 object file 1 source file 2 compilation object file 2 library object file 1 linking (relocation + linking) load file source file N object file N library object
More informationCSCI341. Lecture 22, MIPS Programming: Directives, Linkers, Loaders, Memory
CSCI341 Lecture 22, MIPS Programming: Directives, Linkers, Loaders, Memory REVIEW Assemblers understand special commands called directives Assemblers understand macro commands Assembly programs become
More informationWeek 5 Lecture 3. Compiler Errors
Lecture 3 Compiler Errors Agile Development Backlog of stories defines projects Backlog contains all of the requirements currently known Stories define features of the project Three elements: feature user,
More informationHigh Performance Computing Lecture 1. Matthew Jacob Indian Institute of Science
High Performance Computing Lecture 1 Matthew Jacob Indian Institute of Science Agenda 1. Program execution: Compilation, Object files, Function call and return, Address space, Data & its representation
More information2012 LLVM Euro - Michael Spencer. lld. Friday, April 13, The LLVM Linker
lld Friday, April 13, 2012 The LLVM Linker What is lld? A system linker Produce final libraries and executables, no other tools or runtime required Understands platform ABI What is lld? A system linker
More informationLinking Oct. 26, 2009"
Linking Oct. 26, 2009" Linker Puzzles" int x; p1() {} p1() {} int x; p1() {} int x; p2() {} int x; int y; p1() {} int x=7; int y=5; p1() {} double x; p2() {} double x; p2() {} int x=7; p1() {} int x; p2()
More informationLink 4. Relocation. Young W. Lim Wed. Young W. Lim Link 4. Relocation Wed 1 / 22
Link 4. Relocation Young W. Lim 2017-09-13 Wed Young W. Lim Link 4. Relocation 2017-09-13 Wed 1 / 22 Outline 1 Linking - 4. Relocation Based on Relocation Relocation Entries Relocating Symbol Reference
More informationA software view. Computer Systems. The Compilation system. How it works. 1. Preprocesser. 1. Preprocessor (cpp)
A software view User Interface Computer Systems MTSU CSCI 3240 Spring 2016 Dr. Hyrum D. Carroll Materials from CMU and Dr. Butler How it works hello.c #include int main() { printf( hello, world\n
More informationToday s Big Adventure
Today s Big Adventure - How to name and refer to things that don t exist yet - How to merge separate name spaces into a cohesive whole Readings - man a.out & elf on a Solaris machine - run nm or objdump
More informationMain Memory. CISC3595, Spring 2015 X. Zhang Fordham University
Main Memory CISC3595, Spring 2015 X. Zhang Fordham University 1 Memory Management! Background!! Contiguous Memory Allocation!! Paging!! Structure of the Page Table!! Segmentation!! Example: The Intel Pentium
More informationEE458 - Embedded Systems Lecture 4 Embedded Devel.
EE458 - Embedded Lecture 4 Embedded Devel. Outline C File Streams References RTC: Chapter 2 File Streams man pages 1 Cross-platform Development Environment 2 Software available on the host system typically
More informationToday s Big Adventure
1/34 Today s Big Adventure - How to name and refer to things that don t exist yet - How to merge separate name spaces into a cohesive whole Readings - man a.out & elf on a Solaris machine - run nm or objdump
More informationTools > Compiling & Debugging
Mach-O Programming Topics Tools > Compiling & Debugging 2006-11-28 Apple Inc. 2003, 2006 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
More informationCSE506: Operating Systems CSE 506: Operating Systems
CSE 506: Operating Systems What Software Expects of the OS What Software Expects of the OS Shell Memory Address Space for Process System Calls System Services Launching Program Executables Shell Gives
More informationToday. Operating System Evolution. CSCI 4061 Introduction to Operating Systems. Gen 1: Mono-programming ( ) OS Evolution Unix Overview
Today CSCI 4061 Introduction to s Instructor: Abhishek Chandra OS Evolution Unix Overview Unix Structure Shells and Utilities Calls and APIs 2 Evolution How did the OS evolve? Generation 1: Mono-programming
More informationCOS 318: Operating Systems. Overview. Prof. Margaret Martonosi Computer Science Department Princeton University
COS 318: Operating Systems Overview Prof. Margaret Martonosi Computer Science Department Princeton University http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall11/cos318/ Announcements Precepts: Tue (Tonight)!
More informationo Code, executable, and process o Main memory vs. virtual memory
Goals for Today s Lecture Memory Allocation Prof. David August COS 217 Behind the scenes of running a program o Code, executable, and process o Main memory vs. virtual memory Memory layout for UNIX processes,
More informationCS 550 Operating Systems Spring Process III
CS 550 Operating Systems Spring 2018 Process III 1 Recap: Memory Layout of a typical process MAX Stack Function Call Arguments, Return Address, Return Values Gap Heap Data Dynamically allocated memory
More informationMidterm. Median: 56, Mean: "midterm.data" using 1:2 1 / 37
30 Midterm "midterm.data" using 1:2 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Median: 56, Mean: 53.13 1 / 37 Today s Big Adventure f.c gcc f.s as f.o c.c gcc c.s as c.o ld a.out How to name and refer to things
More informationCarnegie Mellon. Bryant and O Hallaron, Computer Systems: A Programmer s Perspective, Third Edition
1 Linking 15-213: Introduction to Computer Systems 13 th Lecture, October 10th, 2017 Instructor: Randy Bryant 2 Today Linking Motivation What it does How it works Dynamic linking Case study: Library interpositioning
More informationCSE506: Operating Systems CSE 506: Operating Systems
CSE 506: Operating Systems What Software Expects of the OS What Software Expects of the OS Memory System Calls System Services Launching Program Executables Shell Memory Abstraction CSE506: Operating Systems
More informationChapter 8: Memory Management. Operating System Concepts with Java 8 th Edition
Chapter 8: Memory Management 8.1 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2009 Background Program must be brought (from disk) into memory and placed within a process for it to be run Main memory and registers are
More informationToday. Operating System Evolution. CSCI 4061 Introduction to Operating Systems. Gen 1: Mono-programming ( ) OS Evolution Unix Overview
Today CSCI 4061 Introduction to s Instructor: Abhishek Chandra OS Evolution Unix Overview Unix Structure Shells and Utilities Calls and APIs 2 Evolution How did the OS evolve? Dependent on hardware and
More information