FreeIPA - Control your identity
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1 FreeIPA - Control your identity LinuxAlt 2012 Martin Košek, <mkosek@redhat.com> Sr. Software Engineer, Red Hat Nov 3 rd, 2012 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License.
2 1 Introduction Problem definition How to solve it 2 FreeIPA 3 Features Identity Management Policies Client configuration 4 Q&A
3 Section 1 Introduction
4 Introduction Problem definition The Identity Management problem Management of individual identities users, hosts,... Authentication, authorization Policies, ACLs Privileges, permissions within or across systems Can be configured on one computer /etc/passwd, SUDO, PAM,... Different interfaces and languages May become a synchronization nightmare on network centralize!
5 Introduction How to solve it Ideal solution Central location (but with redundancy!) Secure but easy to use Based on industry standards Single sign-on Allow access control (and self-service) on data Privilege delegation and separation Available solutions: NIS, NIS+ - deprecated LDAP - RFC 4511 (+Kerberos) - current industry standard 389 Directory Server, OpenLDAP, AD
6 Introduction How to solve it The building blocks LDAP - data storage Tree-like data structure Good access control granularity (ACI) Optimized for read operations - stale data Multi-master replication Kerberos - authentication Single sign-on Centralized, KDC knows all the secrets Identity represented by a principal: admin@example.com Can speak AD language and create two-way trusts Additional services: CA, DNS, NTP,... All this can be built manually BUT Did you ever try configuring LDAP+Kerberos+other services manually? Difficult management for regular admin
7 Introduction How to solve it The building blocks LDAP - data storage Tree-like data structure Good access control granularity (ACI) Optimized for read operations - stale data Multi-master replication Kerberos - authentication Single sign-on Centralized, KDC knows all the secrets Identity represented by a principal: admin@example.com Can speak AD language and create two-way trusts Additional services: CA, DNS, NTP,... All this can be built manually BUT Did you ever try configuring LDAP+Kerberos+other services manually? Difficult management for regular admin
8 Section 2 FreeIPA
9 FreeIPA FreeIPA What does IPA stand for? Identity - who you are Policy - what are you allowed to do Audit - who and when accessed what Advantages: Easy installation and setup ipa-{server,replica,client}-install Interface to administer identities (users, groups), policies... CLI, WebUI, custom RPC interface Linux clients are first-class citizens Native support of Linux services - autofs, SUDO, SELinux,... Redundancy - multi-master replication, read-only replicas, hubs
10 High-level architecture FreeIPA
11 FreeIPA Example: add a user Add a user via LDIF # ldapadd -D "cn=directory Manager" -x -W dn: uid=jdoe,ou=users,dc=example,dc=com objectclass: posixaccount objectclass: person uid: jdoe uidnumber: 1001 gidnumber: 1001 sn: Doe cn: John Doe userpassword: PAsSw0rd homedirectory: /home/jdoe
12 FreeIPA Example: add a user (cont.) Add a user with FreeIPA CLI [1/2]: kinit # kinit admin Password for admin@example.com: # klist Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 Default principal: admin@example.com Valid starting Expires Service principal 10/31/12 11:28:02 11/01/12 11:28:01 krbtgt/example.com@... Note: ticket lifetime can be configured with Kerberos ticket policy
13 FreeIPA Example: add a user (cont.) Add a user with FreeIPA CLI [2/2]: run IPA command # ipa user-add --first=john --last=doe jdoe --random Added user "jdoe" User login: jdoe First name: John Last name: Doe Full name: John Doe Display name: John Doe Initials: JD Home directory: /home/jdoe GECOS field: John Doe Login shell: /bin/sh Kerberos principal: jdoe@example.com address: jdoe@example.com Random password: +MK2XkIN=vVM UID: GID: Password: True Kerberos keys available: True
14 Example: add a user (cont.) FreeIPA
15 Section 3 Features
16 Features Identity Management Identity Management Users, groups: Automatic and unique UIDs Manage users SSH public keys, SELinux context Role-based access control, self-service Hosts, group of hosts, services: Manage host or service certificates (e.g. secure web server) Automatic group membership for users and hosts Add new identity object # ipa user-add --first=john --last=doe jdoe --random # ipa group-add labusers --desc "Lab Users" # ipa group-add-member labusers --users=jdoe # getent passwd jdoe jdoe:*: : :john Doe:/home/jdoe:/bin/sh # getent group labusers labusers:*: :jdoe
17 Features Identity Management Identity Management (cont.) Cooperation with Active Directory domains Till 3.0: winsync+passsync - synchronize AD users to FreeIPA From 3.0: Cross-realm Kerberos trust FreeIPA + AD domain with a Trust is recommended way to manage Windows and Linux hosts Create Active Directory trust # ipa trust-add --type=ad ad.domain \ --admin Administrator --password Linux hosts now accessible with GSSAPI-aware Windows SSH client
18 Features Identity Management DNS Add new A, AAAA, CNAME,... records with IPA interface Controlled with bind-dyndb-ldap plugin Provisions BIND with records from LDAP Add new DNS records # ipa dnszone-add lab.example.com \ --name-server=ipa.example.com # ipa dnsrecord-add lab.example.com pc01 \ --a-rec= a-create-reverse Updated automatically with client install or IP address change (by SSSD)
19 Features Policies Policy - HBAC Control who can do what with Host Based Access Control Enforced by SSSD for authentication requests via PAM HBAC - rule example # ipa hbacrule-show labmachines_login Rule name: labmachines_login Source host category: all Enabled: TRUE User Groups: labusers Host Groups: labmachines Services: sshd, login
20 Features Policies Policy - Other services SUDO - rule example # ipa sudorule-show labadmin_yum Rule name: labadmin_yum Enabled: TRUE RunAs User category: all RunAs Group category: all User Groups: labadmins Host Groups: labmachines Sudo Allow Commands: /usr/bin/yum Automount - automatic NFS mounts SELinux rule - similar pattern to HBAC, assign SELinux user context per-host
21 Features Client configuration And now for the client part... It is nice to have a server, but client configuration matters too There is a lot to configure - users, auth, services... IPA client installer should make it easier: Configures SSSD - our client project Synchronizes time with IPA server via NTP (Kerberos!) (Optional) Upload public SSH key of the host (Optional) Creates DNS record for the client in IPA Prepare client record (optional) # ipa host-add client.example.com --random Added host "client.example.com" Host name: client.example.com Random password: 7QGk+eHU.Y8U Password: True Keytab: False Managed by: ipa.example.com
22 Features Client configuration And now for the client part... (cont.) Configure an IPA client # ipa-client-install --password 7QGk+eHU.Y8U \ --unattended Discovery was successful! Hostname: client.example.com Realm: EXAMPLE.COM DNS Domain: example.com IPA Server: ipa.example.com BaseDN: dc=example,dc=com Synchronizing time with KDC... Enrolled in IPA realm EXAMPLE.COM... DNS server record set to: client.example.com -> Configured /etc/ssh/ssh_config Configured /etc/ssh/sshd_config Client configuration complete.
23 Section 4 Q&A
24 Q&A Resources, contact Web + wiki: Code: IRC: #freeipa on freenode Mailing lists: freeipa-interest@redhat.com freeipa-users@redhat.com freeipa-devel@redhat.com Questions?
25 The end. Thanks for listening.
26 SSSD Client side identity management LinuxAlt 2012 Jakub Hrozek 3. listopadu 2012
27 Section 1 Centralized user databases
28 Centralized user databases User accounts in a large environment it is not practical to distribute files synchronization problems retention large organizations need to centralize user information usually not only identities but also policies several industry-standard solutions UNIX/Linux LDAP, LDAP + Kerberos, NIS Windows Active Directory (LDAP + Kerberos) LDAP is the most common identity store
29 Centralized user databases Basic LDAP client configuration overview using NSS and PAM modules NSS - nss pam ldapd using /etc/nslcd.conf PAM - pam ldap using /etc/ldap.conf
30 Centralized user databases The trouble with nss pam ldapd and pam ldap logging in as accounts from different organizations on a single client how does one ensure 1:1 mapping between identities and authentication? server redundancy and fail over what if the servers are not reachable network down, roaming laptop, disconnected corporate VPN
31 Centralized user databases The trouble with nss pam ldapd and pam ldap several existing solutions: ldapsearch awk > /etc/passwd in a cronjob :-) local LDAP replica persistent nscd cache usually replica of the whole directory all entries, potentially huge including attributes we are not interested in still need to solve server fail over
32 Centralized user databases The real LDAP clint configuration overview using traditional NSS and PAM modules NSS - nss pam ldapd using /etc/nslcd.conf id cache - nslcd PAM - pam ldap using /etc/ldap.conf auth cache - pam ccreds SUDO - sudo using /etc/sudo-ldap.conf automounter - autofs using /etc/sysconfig/autofs
33 Centralized user databases Integration is the key An admin can build his own identity management solution, but.. Bad level of abstraction admin wants to enroll a client, not mess around with LDAP the admin needs to understand and master several non-trivial technologies configuration scattered across the system admins get frustrated with all the config options..
34 Centralized user databases Integration is the key An admin can build his own identity management solution, but.. Bad level of abstraction admin wants to enroll a client, not mess around with LDAP the admin needs to understand and master several non-trivial technologies configuration scattered across the system admins get frustrated with all the config options..
35 Section 2 SSSD
36 SSSD System Security Services Daemon a system daemon that provides access to remote identity and authentication services developed since Sep 2008
37 SSSD SSSD a system daemon that provides access to identity and authentication remote resource communicates with the rest of the system using its own Name Service Switch module and a PAM module modules only act as forwarders the logic is in the daemon supports several 3rd party applications the project began as a FreeIPA client but can be (and is) used standalone.
38 SSSD Back ends supported by the SSSD the currently supported back ends are: LDAP for both identity and authentication Kerberos for authentication IPA Active Directory proxy
39 SSSD The benefits of SSSD on-disk persistent cache reduces server load seamless offline support, including authentication stateful, keeps track of state of remote servers supports server fail over detects networking change to retry operations over the network multiple identity information sources (domains) only one connection to the LDAP server is open automatic Kerberos ticket acquisition passwords stored in kernel keyring when logging in offline automatic Kerberos ticket renewal KDC must issue renewable tickets
40 SSSD Advanced SSSD features In addition to providing identity lookups and authentication IPA specific features Host Based Access Control SELinux user mapping OpenSSH host key caching support for 3rd party applications that store data in LDAP SSSD acts as a transparent proxy and looks up data on behalf of the applications Caching of sudo rules Caching of autofs maps
41 SSSD Advanced SSSD features access providers simple, per-service, per-host, IPA-specific Cross-realm Kerberos trust support pre-seeding of users for first boot
42 SSSD Advanced SSSD features access providers simple, per-service, per-host, IPA-specific Cross-realm Kerberos trust support pre-seeding of users for first boot
43 SSSD SSSD Configuration a single config file /etc/sssd/sssd.conf /etc/sssd/sssd.conf [sssd] domains = LDAP.EXAMPLE.COM [domain/ldap.example.com] id_provider = ldap ldap_uri = ldaps://ldap.example.com ldap_search_base = ou=accounts,dc=example,dc=com cache_credentials = true
44 SSSD Active Directory Integration SID to UID and GID mapping tokengroups support Range retrieval support Native AD schema mapping
45 SSSD Joining an Active Directory Domain provided by the realmd project a new package, under active development very easy to use yum install realmd realm join --user Username ad.example.com both server and desktop use case
46 SSSD The availability of SSSD stable release AD provider, Sudo, SELinux,... LTM release SSSD is part of all the major Linux distributions Fedora, RHEL, Ubuntu, Debian, Gentoo, FreeBSD ports
47 SSSD Future directions further AD integration improvements Smart Card support Two Factor Authentication Desktop integration with general D-Bus interface Monitoring of expiring tickets RADIUS authentication provider
48 The end. Thanks for listening.
49 SSSD SSSD Architecture monitor - central process monitoring other worker processes the services itself run in separate processes NSS responder responds to identity information coming from the nss sss module PAM responder performs authentication on behalf of the pam sss module each domain runs in a separate process as well processes communicate using D-Bus protocol
50 SSSD Architecture SSSD
51 SSSD talloc hierarchical, reference counted memory pool system with destructors Code example struct foo *X = talloc(mem_ctx, struct foo); X->name = talloc_strdup(x, "foo"); talloc_free(x); talloc free(x->name)!= talloc free(x)!= talloc free(mem ctx) n-ary tree where you can free any part of the tree with talloc free provides destructors provides means to steal pointers from one context to another
FreeIPA - Control your identity
FreeIPA - Control your identity LinuxAlt 2012 Martin Košek, Sr. Software Engineer, Red Hat Nov 3 rd, 2012 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
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