Software Concepts. It is a translator that converts high level language to machine level language.

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Gerard Sherman
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1 Software Concepts One mark questions: 1. What is a program? It is a set of instructions given to perform a task using a programming language. 2. What is hardware? It is defined as physical parts of the computer. 3. What is a software? It is a set of programs which tell the computer what task to perform. 4. What is machine language? It is a low level language which is easily understood by the computer and contains entirely of 0s and 1s. 5. Give an example for high level language. C++, Java. 6. What is meant by machine dependent language? It means that the code used in a programming language differs from system to system. 7. What is meant by machine independent language? It means that the code written in a language does not depend on system configuration. 8. Define Opcode. It tells the processor what function to perform. 9. What is an assembler? It is a translator which converts assembly language to machine language. 10. What is a compiler? It is a translator that converts high level language to machine level language. 11. What is an interpreter? It is a translator that converts high level language to machine level language. 12. What is system software? It is a program that manages and supports computer resources and operations of computer system.

2 13. What is application software? They are software that consists of programs that direct systems to perform tasks for end users. 14. What is linker? It is a software that links several modules and library segments in a program. 15. What is loader? It loads the executable program to the main memory. 16. Define operating system. It is a system software that act as an interface between user and hardware. 17. Write any one function of operating system. Memory management, Process management, Resource management, interfacing user. 18. Name any single user operating system. DOS-Disk operating system. 19. Name any multi user operating system. Unix, Windows. 20. What is multitasking? The ability to execute more than one task at the same time is called multitasking. 21. What is multithreading? Threads in a program connect several segments of the same program. Programs that can execute multiple threads at the same time is called multithreading. 22. Name any one mobile operating system. Android. Two mark questions 1. Mention the types of software. Application software and system software. 2. What is system software? Give example. It is a program that manages and supports computer resources and operations of computer. Example: Operating system

3 3. What is application software? Give example. They are software that consists of programs that direct systems to perform tasks for end users. Example: MS Word, MS Excel 4. What is language translator? It is a software that translates the code from one language to another. 5. What is the function of linker and loader? Linker helps in sequential execution of program by linking modules and library segments. Loaders load the executable program to main memory. 6. Write any two functions of operating system. Memory management, Process management, Resource management, interfacing user. 7. What is an operating system? Give example. It is a system software that act as an interface between user and hardware. Example Windows, Android 8. What is software? How do you classify software? It is a set of programs which tell the computer what task to perform. Software can be classified into Application and system software. 9. Mention any two mobile operating systems. Android, ios, Blackberry, Symbian 10. Compare hardware and software. Hardware is defined as physical parts of the computer and software is a set of programs which tell the computer what task to perform. Three mark questions 1. Write a note on programming language. a. Programming language is a set of rules for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks. It can be classified into Low level and high level. b. Low level languages are closer to the computer hardware and machine dependent. Example are machine level and assembly language. c. High level languages are English like instructions. They are machine independent and hence highly portable. d. Translators are used to convert instructions from one language to another.

4 2. Explain different types of operating systems. Some of the types of operating systems are Single user OS: They are basically standalone systems that support only one user at any given time. Batch processing systems: similar jobs are grouped together to form batches. They are placed in queues and await execution. Multi user systems: It allows number of users to work on the same system at the same time. Each user works at one terminal. 3. Explain batch processing operating systems. a. Here similar jobs are grouped together to form batches. b. These batches are placed in queues and await execution. c. One batch processing starts, it continues till it is completed or an error occurs. d. It requires less human interaction. 4. Explain multi-user operating system. a. It allows number of users to work on the same system at the same time. b. Each user works at one terminal. c. The CPU s time is divided among all users equally hence it is called Time sharing systems. 5. Explain the purpose of utilities. a. They are software that help in proper maintenance and smooth functioning of systems. b. It is used to improve system performance. c. Nowadays many utility software are provided by the operating system itself. d. Examples are Antivirus, disk cleanup, disk backup, compression tools etc 6. What is meant by the term multiprogramming, Multitasking and multithreading? The ability to execute more than one task at the same time is called multitasking. Threads in a program connect several segments of the same program. Programs that can execute multiple threads at the same time is called multithreading. Several programs are run at the same time on a single processor which makes it appear as if all programs are executed at the same time is called multi programming.

5 7. Write any three features of a. UNIX operating system i. It has multi user and multitasking capability ii. It is portable. iii. Provides high level of security. b. Windows operating system i. It supports multiuser and multitasking. ii. It supports Plug and Play hardware. iii. Cloud and other online platforms are integrated. c. Disk operating system i. It is command driven user interface. ii. It is single user Operating system. iii. It supports hierarchical file systems d. Android i. It is open source based that rely on Linux ii. It is primarily for touch screen mobile devices. iii. It supports onscreen (Virtual) keyboards. 8. Differentiate between a. Interpreter and compiler Interpreter compiler Translates the code line by line Translates the code entirely Requires less main memory Requires more main memory Debugging is slow. Debugging is fast b. Object code and source code Object code source code It is the output of the translator. It is the input to the translator. It is in machine level language It is in high level language c. Application software and system software Application software system software Directs the system to perform Manages and supports specific activities for end users computer resources.

6 d. Linker and loader Linker It is a software that links several modules and library segments in a program. Loader It loads the executable program to the main memory.

Contents. Today's Topic: Introduction to Operating Systems

Contents. Today's Topic: Introduction to Operating Systems Contents Today's Topic: Introduction to Operating Systems We will learn 1. What is Operating System? 2. What OS does? 3. Structure of OS 4. Evolution of OS Batch Processing, Multiprogramming, Time sharing