[ Terminal ] [ Users management ] Alt +F6 = Terminal switcher. useradd [option] JohnG

Transcription

1 [ Terminal ] Alt +F6 = Terminal switcher [ Users management ] useradd [option] JohnG -d : to assign homedirectory -u : to assign UID -s : to set shell -g : to assign group ID ex) Linux# useradd JohnG -d /home/user/johng Linux# useradd JohnG -u 1000 Linux# useradd JohnG -s /bin/tcsh Linux# useradd JohnG -g user (groups) Verifying Linux# useradd -D ; to show default value 1 / 12

2 WTServer3:~/Desktop # useradd -D GROUP=100 HOME=/home INACTIVE=-1 EXPIRE= SHELL=/bin/bash SKEL=/etc/skel GROUPS=video,dialout CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=no To default value change Linux# useradd -D -g user200 ; to change group ID 200 Linux# useradd -D -d /home/user2 ; to change home directory as /home/user2 Linux# useradd -D -f 0 ; to set active status, if set 0, no more active after expired Linux# useradd -D -e 2009/12/20 ; to set experation day Linux# useradd -D -s /bin/tcsh ; to set shell for user. userdel [option] JohnG Linux# userdel -r JohnG; -r will allow delete home directory Passwd 2 / 12

3 Linux# passwd JohnG Verifying Linux# cat /etc/passwd man:x:13:62:manual pages viewer:/var/cache/man:/bin/bash news:x:9:13:news system:/etc/news:/bin/bash uucp:x:10:14:unix-to-unix CoPy system:/etc/uucp:/bin/bash JohnG:x:101:101:users:/home/user2:/bin/bash ** If you want to inactive user, put " * " in front of user name *JohnG:x:101:101:users:/home/user2:/bin/bash Identify Linux# whoami root Linux# who am i root pts Nov 20 15:54 (:1011.0) ( ) 3 / 12

4 Linux# id uid=101(users) gid=101(users) groups=101(users) SU Linux# su JohnG ; Changes user account to JohnG Linux# su ; Changes to root in current directory Linux# su - ; Changes to root and moves to root directory. [ Group management ] groupadd user100 Linux# groupadd -g 100 user100 Verifying Check /etc/group Chris@Linux# groups 4 / 12

5 root users bin sys www dialout public video groupdel user100 Groups groups root users bin sys www dialout public video newgrp newgrp Hello groups Hello root users bin sys www dialout public video [ Directory ] pwd 5 / 12

6 pwd ; to see current directory, PWD stands for Present Working Directory) Chris@Linux# cd ; Change directory ex) Chris@Linux# cd /etc/httpd/ ; absolute path Chris@Linux# cd../../etc/httpd ; path from my directory Chris@Linux# cd or # cd ~ ; home directory Chris@Linux# cd.. ; To move one step up directory Chris@Linux# cd / ; To move top directory Chris@Linux# cd /user/chris ; To move Chris's home directory Chris@Linux# cd &HOME ; To move Chris's home directory Chris@Linux# cd ~ ; To move Chris's home directory ls man ls ; to see details ex) Chris@Linux# ls -l ; long(details) information Chris@Linux# ls -a ; to show filename started with ". ", such as hidden file Chris@Linux# ls -F ; to show characteristic of files Chris@Linux# ls -t ; to sort for latest updated files Chris@Linux# ls -al Chris@Linux# ls /bin ; to show file name only under directory /bin cat 6 / 12

7 cat > test ; create a new file as 'test', Ctl+D to exit Chris@Linux# cat file1 file2 file3 > file4 ; Combining file1, file2 and file3 to make file4 Chris@Linux# cat file1 >> file2 ; To attach file1 to file2 cp Chris@Linux# cp -i ; To confirm overwriting target file if file is exist on destination spot Chris@Linux# cp -f ; Force to overwrite Chris@Linux# cp -r ; To copy directory ex) Chris@Linux# cp.bashrc.bashrc.bak Chris@Linux# cp -f.bash. bashrc.bak ; Force to overwrite Chris@Linux# cp -r Hello/ Hello_Backup Chris@Linux# cp file_1 file_2 file_3./test find Chris@Linux# find / -name hello grep 7 / 12

8 grep HELLO *.doc ; To show all the line with HELLO string on files that has extension with doc. rm Chris@Linux# rm -i ; To confirm each file to delete, this option is default Chris@Linux# rm -f ; To delete without confirmation Chris@Linux# rm./hello/* ; To delete multiple files Chris@Linux# rm -r./hello ; To delete directory(test) Chris@Linux# rm -rf./hello ; To delete directory without confirmation mv ; (rename function included) Chris@Linux# mv file /tmp Chris@Linux# mv file_1 file_2 Chris@Linux# mv./test_1./test_2 mkdir Chris@Linux# mkdir./test Chris@Linux# mkdir -p./test_1/group1/users more / head / tail / less 8 / 12

9 more filename head filename ; To show front 10 line of the file Chris@Linux# tail filename ; To show tail 10 line of the file Chris@Linux# head filename ; To show front 100 lines of the file Chris@Linux# tail -100 filename ; To show tail 100 lines of the file Chris@Linux# less filename ; To scroll up and down rmdir Chris@Linux# rmdir./test Chris@Linux# rmdir -r /test Chris@Linux# rmdir -rf /test ; To delete directory without confirmation alias Chris@Linux# alias dir='ls -al' du Chris@Linux# du./chris ; To show number of files under /chris directory df 9 / 12

10 df ; To show disk usage by mount drive [ System ] shutdown CentOS5@Linux# shutdown -r 17:00 ; shut down now and reboot at 17:00. CentOS5@Linux# shutdown -h now ; halt system and shutdown right now. mount CentOS5@Linux# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom -o ro /cdrom [ Version ] Redhat_Linux# uname -a ; To see version of Kernal Redhat_Linux# pppd -h ; To see version of PPP Redhat_Linux# ls -l/lib/libc.so.5 ; To see version of libc Redhat_Linux# ls -l /usr/lib/libg++.so ; To see version of libc++ Redhat_Linux# ld -v ; To see version of binutils Redhat_Linux# ldd -v and ldd -V ; To see version of ldd Redhat_Linux# ls -l /lib/libtermcap.so.* ; To see version of termcap Redhat_Linux# insmod -V ; To see version of modules Redhat_Linux# ps --version ; To see version of procps [ Service ] To start / stop / restart service CentOS_Linux$ cd /sbin 10 / 12

11 CentOS_Linux$./service https start / stop / restart To check all services CentOS_Linux$ cd /sbin CentOS_Linux$./service --status-all CentOS_Linux$./service --status-all grep httpd CentOS_Linux$./service --status-all less CentOS_Linux$./service httpd status To list of service and open port CentOS_Linux$ cd /sbin CentOS_Linux$ netstat -tulpn [ PHP ] To check current / running verison 11 / 12

12 CentOS_Linux$ php -v [ Yum ] To check what package installed on the server. CentOS_Linux$ yum list grep php ; in this example to see php related packages. 12 / 12