( ) 1.,, Visual Basic,

Transcription

1 ( ) 1. Visual Basic 1

2 : ( 2012/2013) :. - : 4 :

3 p/kompjuterski_praktikum_2 3

4 2 / ( ) 4

5 90% 90% 10% 90%! 5

6 ? 6

7 "? : 7

8 # $? - ( 1= on 0= off ) - low level ( Assembler BAL ) - high level ( Pascal FORTRAN COBOL C C++ Prolog Java Visual Basic ) 8

9 # $? 9

10 Visual Basic "visual" "basic" BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) Visual Basic (VB) Windows 10

11 Visual Basic VB Windows ( $ ) VB VB- ( $) ( 1. VB- : ) 11

12 % (! ) (! - ) 12

13 % ( ) ( (bug) ) ( ) 13

14 $ $ $ (indentation) ( 1.) 14

15 " Visual Basic BASIC Windows 15

16 " + Visual Basic + = ( ) 16

17 ( ) 2. 1

18

19 :

20

21 !.! - ( - Halting Problem: ".) - ( - Traveling Salesmen Problem) - ( - K- server problem) 5

22 # ( ) ( ) ( ) 6

23 # ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 7

24 $ ( ) ( / ) (loops) ( ) 8

25 % & - - ( ) - / - ( ) - ( - ) - ( 1. P V - ) 9

26 ' - - ( 1. P V - ) 10

27 $ ( ) ( ' ) ( ) 11

28 ( ) 3. Visual Basic 1

29 ... e - 2

30 Visual Basic : - - (Strings) : - ( Const constname =expression expression ) - ( ) ( Form_Activate) 3

31 ("_") - Visual Basic ( brojnacifri brojnacifri ) 4

32 - ( "= ) 1) var = num ( var num. =3) 2) var = str ( var str. ime="ana") 3) var2 = var1 ( var2 var1. a=3:b=a b 3) 4) var = expression ( expression var. a=3:b=a^2 b 9) ( Form_Activate) 5

33 Dim var As type var type General Declarations (! ) Variant 6

34 " (type) Integer Long Single # # Double # # String ( ) Boolean - True False Currency Date Byte Variant - 7

35 $ + ( ) - ( ) * ( ) / ( ) ^ ( ) \ ( ) Mod ( ) & ( ) (" Immediate Window) 8

36 ( ) - ^ * / - \ - Mod (" Immediate Window) 9

37 % = ( ) Not ( ) <> () And () < () Or () > ( ) Xor (...) <= ( ) >= ( ) (" Immediate Window) 10

38 & Visual Basic! (builtin functions). '!. (.. & Visual Basic: Abs Atn Cos Exp Fix Int Log Rnd Round Sgn Sin Sqr Tan (" Immediate Window) 11

39 ( / InputBox ( ) var=inputbox(prompt) var=val(inputbox(prompt)) Print object.print [outputlist] - Spc(n) Tab(n) () ; () MsgBox ( ) MsgBox(prompt) (" Print Form_Activate) 12

40 ) If Then - If cond Then statement1 Else statement2 - If cond1 Then statements1 ElseIf cond2 Then statements2 ElseIf cond(n) Then statements(n) Else statements(n+1) End If - If cond1 Then If cond2 Then statements End If End If If cond1 And cond2 Then statements End If (" Form_Activate) 13

41 ) Select Case - If Then - (selector) - (valuelist)! ( To 5 Is <= 5) Select Case selector Case valuelist1 statements1 Case valuelist(n) statements(n) Case Else statements(n+1) End Select 14

42 *For Next - For counter=start To end [Step step] statements Next counter -(counter) start end step ( ) - - For Next - Exit For 15

43 *Do Loop - - Do Loop 1) Do While cond statements Loop 2) Do statements Loop While cond 3) Do Until cond statements Loop 4) Do statements Loop Until cond - Exit Do - Do Loop - Ctrl+Break Break ( 3. n.) 16

44 + ( smart editor ). Primt 2ka=2 a=b+ (run-time errors) -. varinv=1/var ( var 0) ( ). av = min + max / 2 On Error Go To line 17

45 '... Visual Basic : - (Strings) - (Arrays) : - Visual Basic! : - Visual Basic - Visual Basic 18

46 ( ) 4. (Strings) 1

47 ... Visual Basic (Strings) - (Const constname =expression) - (Dim var As type) String ( ) (&) 2

48 () ( ) - : (&) ("") - 0 3

49 ASCII (0-255) Asc ( ASCII ) Chr ( ASCII ) ASCII : ( 0-9) ( ) () 32 ( ) 34 () = < > <= >= <> ( ASCII.) ( ASCII Immediate Window) 4

50 - Left Mid Right ( ) - UCase LCase ( ) - Trim LTrim RTrim ( ) - String ( ) - Str ( ) - Format ( ) 5

51 - Len () - InStr ( ) ( Immediate Window) ( 4..) ( 5..) 6

52 ( ) 5. (Arrays) 1

53 ... ( ) Dim var As type (type = Integer Long Single Double String Boolean Currency Date Byte Variant) ("_") 2

54 - : : Dim arrayname(n) As vartype Dim arrayname(m To n) As varitype ( m<=n) 3

55 -. ( ) Dim(3) As Integer Integer A(0) A(1) A(2) A(3) Dim(1 To 3) As Integer Integer A(1) A(2) A(3). ( ) Dim B(1 To 3 2 To 4) As Integer Integer B(12) B(13) B(14)B(22) B(23) B(24) B(32) B(33) B(34) 4

56 - ( ): 1) : Dim arrayname() As vartype 2) : ReDim arrayname(m1 To n1 mk To nk) As vartype 3) : ReDim Preserve arrayname(m1 To n1 mk To nk) As vartype 5

57 ( ) ( ) 6

58 n. 9. m n 2 A = aij i = 1 j= 1 1/2 7

59 ( ) 6. Visual Basic 1

60 Visual Basic Visual Basic ( ) ( ) o... 2

61 Visual Basic (Toolbox). ( ) : - (Text Box) - - (Label) - -(Command Button) - - (Picture Box) -. 3

62 (Properties Window) ()! - TextBox : Text Font Enabled Visible - Label : Caption Font Alignment Visible - Command Button : Caption Font Enabled Visible - Picture Box : Picture Font Visible Visual Basic : (interface).. 4

63 " Text1 Text2 Label1 Label2 Command1 Command2 Picture1 Pictire2 " Name #. - Text Box txt txtprezime - Label lbl lblnaslov - Command Button cmd cmdpresmetaj - Pictute Box pic picprikaz - Form frm frmvlez 5

64 ! Visual Basic Visual Basic.!. $. $ Visual Basic o: - e (interface): - - %. 6

65 Visual Basic ( ). objectname.property = setting! txtprezime.text = "" cmdpresmetaj.visible = True - objectname.method [display]! txtprezime.setfocus picprikaz.print "Rezultatite se:" 7

66 Visual Basic. Private Sub objectname_event() End Sub statement(s) (& Private - Public Sub) 8

67 Visual Basic ( ) ( ). & Visual Basic : - Sub - Function. $. Sub %. Private Sub ProcedureName () statement(s) End Sub 9

68 Visual Basic Sub Call ProcedureName Sub. ' Sub Sub. & Sub General Declarations (VB- ) (VB- % ). 10

69 Visual Basic Functon. Private Function FunctionName(var1 As Type1 var2 As Type2 ) As datatype statement(s) FunctionName = expression End Function Function. Function. 11

70 Visual Basic Function Sub.. & Function Sub. Function Function Sub. ( 10..) ( 11..) 12

71 ( ) 7. Visual Basic ( ) 1

72 Visual Basic (Line PSet Circle) (: CurrentX CurrentY : Print TextHeight TextWidth) 2

73 (default) (00) x- y-. ScaleWidth ScaleHeight ScaleLeft ScaleTop. Picture1.ScaleWidth = 30 Picture1.ScaleHeight = - 30 Picture1.ScaleTop = 15 Picture1.ScaleLeft = Picture1 x- a y- ( -). 3

74 Scale : Picture1.Scale (-15 15) - (15-15) Picture1.Scale (a d) - (b c) a b x- c d y-. 4

75 (x1y1) (x2y2) Line Picture1.Line (x1y1) - (x2y2) (xy) PSet Picture1.PSet (xy)!" (xy) r Circle Picture1.Circle (xy) r 5

76 " # : Picture1.Line (x1y1) - (x2y2) color B[F] # (22) (64): Picture1.Line (22) - (64) RGB(25500) BF Picture1.PSet (xy) color (-32): Picture1.PSet (-32) RGB(02550) Picture1.Circle (xy) r color start end aspect (00) =2.5 b=5 Picture1.Circle (00) 5 RGB(00255) 1/2 # " " (00) 5 Pi/6 Pi/3 Picture1.Circle (00) 5 RGB(00255) -Pi/6 - Pi/3 ( Pi Pi= ) 6

77 o CurrentX CurrentY " (CurrentX CurrentY) Print ( ). Picture1.CurrentX = 13 Picture1.CurrentY = 1 Picture1.Print "y=0" TextHeightTextWidth. Picture1.CurrentX = 13 - Picture1.TextWidth("y=0") / 2 Picture1.CurrentY = 1 - Picture1.TextHeight("y=0") / 2 Picture1.Print "y=0 ( 12..) ( 13. ( ).) 7

78 ( ) 8. Visual Basic () 1

79 K Dim var As String * n [Private Public] Type TypeName TypeElement1 As Type1 TypeElement2 As Type2 End Type. ( Student). 2

80 (Random Access Files) (Records). ( ) Open "filespec" For Random As #n Len = Len(record) 3

81 (Random Access Files) record br n Put #n br record br n record Get #n br record! n LOF(n) numberofrecords = LOF(n) / Len(record) Close #n ( 14. ( -).) 4