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1 Best Practices Chapter 5 Chapter 5 CHRIS HOY 12/11/2015 COMW-283

2 Chapter 5 The DOM and BOM The BOM stand for the Browser Object Model, it s also the client-side of the web hierarchy. It is made up of a structured order of parts belonging to the web site or specifically a window or page. The top level of the BOM is the Window object. Which allows you to access commands like windows.alert(); which is usually abbreviated to just alert however it is important to note that you are manipulating the top tier of the BOM. The Document object is the primary or most usable and thus important object or part of the browser object model because it is synonymous with the web page that you view when using your browser. Through the document object model (DOM) you can access, utilize or change different elements on the web page. Accessing JavaScript Elements There are different methods that allow a developer to access elements on a web page most use the DOM to locate the element from the structure which is like a family tree in the sense that there are parents, siblings, and children of elements on a web page. The complexity and organization of these elements or nodes is different from page to page however if the commands are universal and can access these parts if they exist. Here is an example of some of these methods. document.getelemntbyid(); document.getelmentbyname(); document.getelementsbytagname(); And document.getelementbyclass(); 1

3 Using CSS style selectors to get elements on a web page When Navigating the DOM you could also gain access to element through querying methods that use elements that contain css locators, for example to query all elements that are paragraphs with the class name of main. You could do something like document.queryselectorall (.main ) in most browsers you could add a sequence of tags in order to reach elements document.queryselectorall( div, p, img ) would locate and access all the elements of an image, paragraph and divider tags. One step further would be to grab a tag of a specific class and use it document.queryselectorall(div.cars) for example gets the div tags with the class name of cars. Manipulating Nodes Essentially the DOM is a tree made of nodes and because of this the naming conventions are similar to that of family tree. The tree can be transversed like a family tree also in other words you can move around it and alter it by calling the elements using commands to show their relationship or even place in the DOM. The first element or tag is the html tag refer to and manipulate it you could say window.document.childnodes[0] this is the first element or node in the document or the zero index of the child node array of its parent the document. You could grab every element or tag by referencing its DOM location. There are so many things you can return from or alter on the nodes I will focus on the main reasons myself and many others manipulating the DOM that is by adding or appending nodes and altering its attributes or style(appearance). Once you have reference a node you can then locate its children, parent or siblings. Adding an element like a tag or text to an element is one method of appending to a node for example: document.getelementbyid("mylist").appendchild(node); deleting that tag or element all together is also a way to use the DOM to manipulate nodes, variable.removechild(variable.childnodes[0]);. When altering appearance you can change a node's attribute adding or removing a class to do things like change its color or font size. You could also use these values by returning them from the node and adding them to other nodes to change the page appearance here's an example of how to return the class name from a node you could then apply it to another node to change its style var tag1 = document.getelementsbytagname("p")[0]; var tagattribute = tag1.getattributenode("class").value; 2

4 Using time methods (Delays and Durations) In JavaScript you can create durations of time with the setinterval() built in function or create durations of time using the settimeout() built in function. This allows you to change the page contents and values at different times to create more dynamic pages or load events in specific sequence. Using settimeout() allows you to call a function or evaluate an expression or statement after a period of time measured in milliseconds. The function should be written like this example: settimeout(function name, number of seconds, (and possible extra arguments or parameters). Unless you use it recursively it really only is meant to execute one instance also the function cleartimeout() will stop it. The setinterval() method the setinterval() method calls a function or evaluates an expression or statement at predefined times measured in millisecond or 1/1000 seconds. When using the setinterval() method it will continue repeating the function until you use clearinterval() which is called to end it or if the window is closed. You can also use the settimeout() method to prevent the interval from calling this would be a parameter or argument returned to settimeout() by the setinterval function. Other Objects Object Represents or Targets Actions and Events Navigator The user's current browser Uses functions like appname to display the name of the web browser appversion to show the browser version and uses a geolocation API, program interface to pinpoint the user s current location along with the user permission settings that deny or allow the permission to evaluate that information 3

5 History Location Screen The Browser History The browser's current location The screen object can return the values of the user's screen allows you to navigate the browser back();, forward(); or just go(); to a specific site in the history of the browser based on the arguments Changes the location by calling a url as the window location parameter. This can change the current web page based on the results of JavaScript functions or expressions Evaluating different properties like availwidth, availheight and pixeldepth. You can return the values of the size, resolution, and available window height and width for usable space on the user s pc or other device. 4

5/19/2015. Objectives. JavaScript, Sixth Edition. Understanding the Browser Object Model and the Document Object Model. Objectives (cont'd.

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