HTML and CSS MIS Konstantin Bauman. Department of MIS Fox School of Business Temple University

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1 HTML and CSS MIS 2402 Konstantin Bauman Department of MIS Fox School of Business Temple University

2 2 HTML Quiz Date: 9/13/18 next Thursday HTML, CSS 14 steps, 25 points 1 hour 20 minutes Use class workstations You can use Google Preparations: Lynda HTML Essential Training, with James Williamson (Sections 1 7)

3 Learning Objectives 1. How HTML, CSS, and JavaScript work together in a web application? 2. Components of a CSS style rule. 3. Where CSS style rules go? 4. Coding for types of CSS selectors: type, id, and class. 5. HTML form tag, and attributes. 6. GET and POST methods of communication. C1, Slide 3

4 Recall from last time The URL you asked for The response you got back. 4

5 Request and response HTTP request HTTP response HTML file Web Browser Web Server

6 What s in the response? A successful response will return at least one text file. (Really, usually more than one but let s start here!) HTML In the HTTP response you are likely to find all three of these languages in a single text file. JavaScript CSS HTML and CSS are special purpose languages, while JavaScript is a general purpose programming language. Each language is interpreted by the browser and each language has a job to do. C1, Slide 6

7 Our focus for today JavaScript HTML CSS CSS is our focus for today and a little bit more HTML. Slide 7

8 How to specify a CSS rule The pattern: selector { property : value ; } For example: header { background-color: red; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; width: 100%; } The rules in the example above tell us that the HTML header tag will have a red background, and that any text inside the header will be styled as bold and italic. The header width will take up 100 percent of the available width in the current browser s viewport. Slide 8

9 What s a selector? The pattern: selector { property : value ; } The selector here indicates the HTML elements in the document that should be altered by the CSS rule. There are three simple options here, and many other variations on those simple options. But, basically, the selector can be: 1. The name of a tag 2. A specific tag identified by an id 3. A collection of tags identified by a class Slide 9

10 An example of different selectors The CSS rules: p { font-weight: bold; font-size: 2em; } #unique_and_pretty { font-weight: default; font-size: 2em; background-color: pink; color: white; }.pretty { font-style: italic; } The HTML: <p> I feel pretty </p> <p id='unique_and_pretty > Oh, so pretty </p> <p> I feel pretty and witty and bright! </p> <p class='pretty > And I pity </p> <p class='pretty'> Any girl who isn't me tonight </p> <p> I feel charming </p> <p> Oh, so charming </p> <p> It's alarming how charming I feel! </p> <p> And so pretty </p> <p> That I hardly can believe I'm real </p> tag selectors have no prefix id selectors are prefixed with a # class selectors are prefixed with a. Slide 10

11 Our example in a browser The HTML: <p> I feel pretty </p> <p id='unique_and_pretty > Oh, so pretty </p> <p> I feel pretty and witty and bright! </p> <p class='pretty > And I pity </p> <p class='pretty'> Any girl who isn't me tonight </p> <p> I feel charming </p> <p> Oh, so charming </p> <p> It's alarming how charming I feel! </p> <p> And so pretty </p> <p> That I hardly can believe I'm real </p> Slide 11

12 The tricky part For the new learner the tricky part is, of course, learning what all the possible properties and values are. A good reference can be found here: In this course, we will use a very small subset of the CSS properties and will introduce new ones as needed. If you ever see a new-to-you CSS property that you don t recognize you can either look it up or ask about it. Here are some of the properties that we have used already! color, background-color, font-weight, font-size, font-family, padding, margin, width Slide 12

13 Where do the CSS style rules go? CSS style rules can be specified in one of two places: 1. Inside the current document (this is an internal style sheet) 2. Outside the current document (this is an external style sheet!) Technically, there s a third way to apply a CSS style. It is called an inline style. It is advisable to use inline styles sparingly. A good, free CSS tutorial can be found here: Slide 13

14 Where do the CSS style rules go? (2) Internal style sheet: <head> <style> h1 { color: blue; margin-left: 40px; } body { font-family: Arial ; } </style> </head> External style sheet: <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> </head> Look! We just introduced a new HTML tag. The <link> tag is used to reference an external resource. It had attributes rel, type, and href. Slide 14

15 Before we start out CSS exercise, we need to know a little more about HTML Slide 15

16 HTML Form Tag This is an HTML page with a form on it. There is a <form> tag and inside the form tag there are three input tags, and a button. Slide 16

17 HTML Form Tag (Source Code) <h1>please join our list</h1> <form id=" _form" name=" _form" action="join.html" method="get"> <label for=" _address1"> Address:</label> <input type="text" id=" _address1" name=" _address1"> <span id=" _address1_error">*</span><br> <label for=" _address2">re-enter Address:</label> <input type="text" id=" _address2" name=" _address2"> <span id=" _address2_error">*</span><br> <label for="first_name">first Name:</label> <input type="text" id="first_name" name="first_name"> <span id="first_name_error">*</span><br> <label> </label> <input type="button" id="join_list" value="join our List"> </form> Slide 17

18 Attributes of the form tag The action attribute of the form tag tells the browser where to send the data collected by the form. Notice this: <form id=" _form" name=" _form" action="join.html" method="get"> The method attribute of the form tag tells the browser how to send the data. The data could be set using the get method or by using the post method. Slide 18

19 Slide 19

20 Look, Ma! No Tokens!! An HTML form that specifies the POST method <form action="display.php" method="post"> Slide 20

21 When to use the HTTP GET method When the request is for a page that gets data from a database server. When the request can be executed multiple times without causing any problems. Slide 21

22 When to use the HTTP POST method When executing the request multiple times may cause problems. When you don t want to include the parameters in the URL for security reasons. When you don t want users to be able to include parameters when they bookmark a page. When you need to transfer more than 4 KB of data. Slide 22

23 HTML Form Tag This is an HTML page with a form on it. There is a <form> tag and inside the form tag there are three input tags, and a button. Slide 23

24 Before we move on We can use CSS to improve the appearance of our form. This is the *same* web page in a browser after CSS has been applied to it. Slide 24

25 OK, let s get some exercise... Slide 25

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