A Review Paper on Chaotic Map Image Encryption Techniques

Transcription

1 A Rviw Papr on Chaotic Map Imag Encryption Tchniqus Chtana Singh 1, Binay Kumar Pandy 2, DR.H.L.Mandoria 3, Ashok Kumar 4 1Information Tchnology, PG Studnt, G.B.Pant Univrsity of Agricultur and Tchnology, India, 2 Information Tchnology, Assistant Profssor, G.B.Pant Univrsity of Agricultur and Tchnology, India 3Information Tchnology, Profssor, G.B.Pant Univrsity of Agricultur and Tchnology, India, *** Abstract:- This papr prsnts a comprhnsiv survy on 1.1 WHAT IS IMAGE ENCRYPTION? chaotic scrt writing schms. within th modrn tim,du to th quick dvlopmnt of digital communication and multimdia application, scurity bcoms a vital issu of communication, storag and transmission of digital information such as, audio and vido. Imag scrt writing has bn a prfrrd rsarch fild in rcnt dcads. Scrt writing tchniqu ar usd in svral filds such as mdical scinc, military, gographic satllit s. Chaotic scrt writing is on of th bst altrnativ ways to mak sur scurity. A lot of scrt writing schms using chaotic maps hav bn proposd, bcaus of its xcssiv snsitivity to initial conditions, unprdictability and random lik bhaviors. Kywords- chaotic algorithms; cryptography; ncryption chaotic maps. 1. INTRODUCTION In th prvious fw days trmndously growth of digital and multimdia tchnology, protction has bcom an vital issu for communication of digital s through th ntworks and ncryption is th on of approachs to provid th protction of digital s. Imag ncryption is th tchniqu of transforming data using an algorithm to mak it unradabl to any on without thos possssing spcific knowldg, gnrally rfrrd to as a ky. In1970s,Chaos concpt was proposd, which was usd in a wid rang of rsarch aras, such as mathmatics, nginring, physics, biology, and so on[1]. Th complicatd bhavior of chaotic structurs in nonlinar dtrministic was dscribd. Th first dscription of a chaotic tchniqus was mad in 1963 via Lornz[2], who dvlopd a systm know as th Lornz attractor that coupld nonlinar diffrntial quations. Th implmntation of chaotic maps in th improvmnt of cryptography structurs lis in th rality that a chaotic map is charactrizd by:(a)th initial conditions and control paramtrs with xcssiv snsitivity, (b)unprdictability of th orbital volution, (c)th simplicity of th hardwar and softwar implmntation lads to a xcssiv ncryption rat. Ths charactristics can b rlatd with som vry ssntial cryptographic proprtis such as confusion and diffusion.[3]. Imag ncryption is a smart hiding of information. An authntic ssntial and prsonal plain txt is transformd into ciphr txt that is curiously random nonsns. Th most important ida in th ncryption is to transmit th scurly ovr th ntwork so that no unauthorizd prson can abl to dcrypt th. In this papr w cntr of attntion on th ncryption mthods of digital basd totally on th chaos mapping. Th ncryption mthods basd on th chaos mapping offrs th ncryptd digital s to prsrv th multi stag ncryption approach and also dcrass th computational complxity of th ncryption procss. Most of th algorithms particularly dsignd to ncrypt digital s ar proposd in th mid-1990s. Thr ar two ssntial groups of ncryption algorithms: (a)non-chaos slctiv tchniqus and (b)chaos-basd slctiv or non-slctiv mthods[4]. 1.2 WHAT IS CRYPTOGRAPHY? Cryptographic mthods assist invulnrabl transmission and storag of data. Cryptography includs th ncoding of at sndrs sid which convrts th so that th contnts ar no longr comprhnsibl calld Encryption and Dcryption at rcivrs sid to achiv th authntic. Evn if th avs droppr rcivs gt ntry to th on will now not rcogniz th contnts. In applications lik aronautic, military, mdical tightly closd communication is th most vital concrn. Som spcific ncryption algorithms lik AES, DES tc. ar in fficint for ncryption. Chaotic functions ar bing usd for ncryption rathr than th standard algorithms[3]. 1.3 WHAT IS CHAOTIC SYSTEMS? Th trm chaotic coms from chaos. Chaos dos no longr hav a dscribd maning; it might also rfr to a stat that dos not hav dtrministic bhavior. Chaotic structurs dpnd totally on initial condition. Chaotic concpt was summarizd via Edward Lornzas follows "Whn th currnt dtrmins th futur, but th approximat currnt dos not approximatly dtrmin th futur Chaotic mthod is a ara of mathmatics and has a numbr of applications in mtorology, conomics, philosophy tc. 201, IRJET Impact Factor valu: ISO 9001:200 Crtifid Journal Pag 12

2 Chaotic concpt concrns dtrministic structurs whos bhavior can b prdictd. Ths systms can b prdictd for a whil and thn thy bcom random[5]. 1.4 CHOS BASED IMAGE CRYPTOSYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Th architctur of chaos basd cryptosystm mainly consists of two stags: th confusion stag and th diffusion stag. Th typical block diagram of th architctur is as dpictd in th figur. Th confusion stag is th pixl prmutation whr th positions of th pixls ar scrambld ovr th ntir without disturbing th valus of th pixls. With this th bcoms unrcognizabl. It is not vry scur to hav only th prmutation stag sinc it may b brokn by any attack. To nhanc th scurity, th scond stag of th ncryption procss aims at changing th valu of ach pixl in th ntir. In th diffusion stag, th pixl valus ar modifid squntially by th squnc gnratd from th chaotic systms. Th whol confusion-diffusion round rpats for numbr of tims to achiv scurity of satisfactory lvl[5]. chaotic map usd simply Hnon chaotic map for scintific ncryption thrfor making it an simpl task for attackrs to dcrypt and rstrictd thir work to scintific s only. First stp in this work is to gnrat th noisy signal using th Chaotic Hnon map. Hr th Hnon quations ar gnratd with th signal in both x and y axs. This offrs th advantag of snding two patints clinical s at a singl transmission. For xampl, th first patint mdical is addd in x axis and thn an othr on is addd in y axis[3]. Lalita Gupta, Rahul Gupta and Manoj Sharma proposd an ncryption schm which targtd on disquiting th corrlation among pixls. Thy usd pixl shufflr horizontally as wll as vrtically, 2D bakrs map dscribd with th following formulas B(x,y)=(2x,y/2) Whn 1/2<x<1,B(x,y)=(2x-1, y/2+1/2) Whn 0<x<1/2 and cratd confusion in th with bit XOR with nois non linar (liapunav xponntial) function opration to satisfid condition of chaos. Th diffusion tmplat is cratd by random numbr gnrator basd on Gaussian distribution and is capabl of providing th ky lngth of 64 bits although its lngth can b xtndd furthr[4]. Rajindr Kaurtal th Intrnational Journal of Computr Scinc and Mobil Computing, introducd slctiv cryptography basd on th rgion, followd slctiv comprssion whr parts of th containing vital information ar comprssd without loss whil rgions containing information not important ar comprssd. Th Hnon map is usd to gnrat th kys. Th is dividd into blocks and thn ths blocks ar mixd. Th transformd is fd to th blow-fish algorithm. This algorithm is gnrally usd for txt data ncryption. Th us of th blow-fish algorithm is a disadvantag of this schm bcaus it would mak th procss low and not as rliabl[5]. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Asia Mahdi Nasr Alzubaidi In this schm author proposd an ncryption schm basd on 3D logistic transform, it dividd th in distinct shad channls of YCBCR and applid xclusiv mthods of slctiv ncryption and chaotic ncryption. On Y factor a slctiv ncryption algorithm is prformd to guard th snsitiv information. Furthr th confusion mthod is adoptd through th us of 2D Arnold cat transformation to mak gratr distortion of th rlationship among adjacnt pixls of Y and to covr th statistical structur of pixls. Scrambling mthods dpnd on row-column approach utilizd in dpndntly on Cb andcr componnts.[2]. Brmnavas, B.PoornaandI. Raja Mohamd In this papr proposd th Scurd clinical transmission using Robrt A.J. Matthws In th work considrd th us of gntic algorithms (GAs) as powrful tools in braking cryptographic systms. Thy dmonstratd that GA scanning gratly facilitats cryptanalysis by fficintly analyzing larg ky spacs and dmonstrating thir us with GENALYST, an ordr-basd GA for braking a classic cryptosystm[6]. Ali Kanso In this schm th author has xportd th slfshrinking tchniqu usd in classical cryptography in chaotic systms to dvlop chaotic gnrators of ky flows capabl of gnrating ky flows charactrizd by xcllnt statistical proprtis and a high lvl of scurity. This papr proposs an xampl of slf-shrinking ky flow gnrator basd on th chaos implmntd using a 1-D chaotic map. Th randomnss proprtis and statistical tst rsults of th ky flow bits gnratd by applying th slf-shrinking tchniqu on chaotic maps with appropriat paramtrs wr ncouraging [7]. 201, IRJET Impact Factor valu: ISO 9001:200 Crtifid Journal Pag 13

3 Park, N.K., Patidar, V. and Sud, K.K. In this documnt a nw approach for cryptography basd on chaotic logistic maps to mt th rquirmnts of scur transfr. In th cryptographic schm of th proposd, an xtrnal 0-bit scrt ky and two chaotic logistic maps ar usd. Th initial conditions for both logistic maps ar drivd using th xtrnal scrt ky providing an ra of diffrnt wight to all of its bits[]. slctd for ncryption. Basd on th ky that controls th ncryption algorithm, a binary squnc is gnratd. With th hlp of th two diffrnt scanning modls (rastr and Zigzag), th input is convrtd into a 1D matrix and dividd into various sub-blocks. Subsquntly, th prmutations ar applid to ach binary matrix basd on th chaotic maps. Finally, th can b dcryptd using th sam subkys[12]. Bhnia, S., Akhavan, A., Akhshani, A. and Samsudin In this approach a nw algorithm of cryptography basd on th lliptical map of Jacobian was studid by. In this articl, a rdsign of a class of chaotic cryptographic systms is suggstd to ovrcom th aformntiond drawbacks. This work is th first attmpt to xplor th lliptical maps of Jacobian as a cryptosystm. Exprimntal rsults and safty analysis indicat that th cryptographic algorithm basd on th chaotic lliptical map is advantagous from th point of viw of larg ky spacs and a high lvl of scurity[9]. Omid Mirzai, Mahdi Yaghoobi and Hassan Irani In this algorithm, rsarchd a nw cryptography schm basd on a total and paralll ncryption algorithm. Two chaotic systms wr usd in th cryptographic algorithm to confus th rlationship btwn th simpl and th ncryptd [10]. Yicong Zhou, Long Bao and C.L.Philip Chn In th documnt by proposd an ncryption schm in which a nw chaotic systm is usd for cryptography of th. In this systm, two un dimnsional chaotic maps ar intgratd and a sris of nw chaotic maps ar gnratd. A nw cryptographic algorithm of th that has th xcllnt proprtis of confusion and diffusion to withstand various attacks, in particular th chosn plaintxt attacks was introducd by thm to dmonstrat its applications. A compltly diffrnt is obtaind ach tim th algorithm is applid to an original with a similar st of scurity kys. This nsurs that th proposd algorithm is abl to withstand slctd plaintxt attacks. This can b simulatd using MATLAB[11]. G.A. Sathish Kumar, Dr.K. Bhoopathybagan and Dr.N. Sriraam In th documnt of Imag of cryptography basd on diffusion and on mor chaotic maps. In this documnt, th cryptography of th is basd on a tchniqu that uss multipl circular mappings basd on chaos. Thr ar thr stags in this algorithm. In th first phas, th chaotic logistic maps ar usd to giv a pair of subkys. In th scond phas, th subkys of th logistic map ar usd to ncrypt th and, consquntly, th diffusion is obtaind. In th third stp, four diffrnt chaotic maps ar usd to gnrat th subkys. Various random numbrs ar producd by ach map from th orbits of th maps basd on th initial conditions. From thos random numbrs, a ky is Shoaib Ansari, Nlsh Gupta and Sudhir Agrawal In this work proposd a nw algorithm for cryptography and dcryption of s. An approach basd on cryptography of th that uss th chaotic map in th frquncy domain. In this algorithm, th chaotic map usd for cryptography is th 2D Bakr Map. First, th discrt 2D cosin transformation of th is calculatd. Thn th is mixd using th Bakrs 2D map. Hr two maps of bakrs ar usd. On of thm with th initial kys and th othr with th Gaussian cratd with man and varianc. Th DCT has transformd th and th diffusion is XORd in an itrativ way. Th random numbr gnrator basd on th Gaussian distribution is usd to crat th diffusion modl. Th advantag of this mthod is that it can provid a ky lngth of 12 bits and abov. This tchniqu can b simulatd using matlab [13]. Xiaoling Huang, Guodong Y and Kwok Wo Wong in thir articl: Chaotic ncryption algorithm basd on circulator functioning proposs th coding schm basd on th tim-dlay Lornz systm and circulating matrix[14]. Rfrn Chaotic c map usd [16] Lornz Chn Lu [21] Lornz,Bak r COMPAIRSON OF CHAOTIC MAPS Faturs Ky siz-larg Ky Snsitivity-Mdium Cofficnt Plain Ciphr Horizontal Vrtical Diagonal Ky Siz-2 12 Corrlation cofficint Rd Grn Blu Horizont al Vrtical Plain Ciph r Plain 201, IRJET Impact Factor valu: ISO 9001:200 Crtifid Journal Pag Ciph

4 r Imag Corrsponding ntropis ,7.9970, [15] Hnon Map Ky Siz-2 12 Cofficint Plain Ciphr Horizontal Vrtical Avrag Entropy NPCR % UACI % [1] Logistic map [19] Arnold Cat map 3 CONCLUSION Ky Siz Cofficint Plain Ciphr Horizontal Vrtical Diagonal Avrag Entropy NPCR UACI Ky Siz-2 14 Cofficint Plain Ciphr Horizontal Vrtical Diagonal Avrag Entropy NPCR UACI This documnt discusss many cryptographic algorithms that us diffrnt chaotic maps. Each algorithm has its advantags and disadvantags dpnding on th ncryption prformanc of ths algorithms. Analyzing th rsarch documnts mntiond abov, som faturs of th cryptographic tchniqus of th ar includd. Each of thm uss chaotic maps of diffrnt sizs for th scur ncryption of s. Th can b ncryptd in diffrnt ways at diffrnt spds using chaotic maps of various sizs. Th abov algorithms ar also rsistiv against various attacks that can b dmonstratd by th safty analysis. REFERENCES [1].H.L.Mandoria,Samridhi Singh t al(2017)" A Rviw on Imag Encryption Tchniqu and to Extract Fatur from Imag" IJCA Intrnational Journal of Computr Application. [2].Asia Mahdi, Nasr Alzubaidi, Slctiv Imag Encryption with Diffusion and Confusion Mchanism, Intrnational Journal of Advancd Rsarch in Computr Scinc and Softwar Enginring (IJARCSSE) - Volum 4, Issu 7, July 2014 [3] Brmnavas1, B.Poorna2 and I.Raja Mohamd, Scurd mdical transmission using chaotic map, Computr Scinc and Enginring Elixir Comp. Sci. Engg. 54 (2013) [4]Lalita Gupta1, Rahul Gupta and Manoj Sharma, Low Complxity Efficint Imag Encryption Tchniqu Basd on Chaotic Map, Intrnational Journal of Information & Computation Tchnology. ISSN Volum 4, Numbr 11 (2014), pp [5]Rajindr Kaur1, Er. Kanwalprt Singh, Comparativ Analysis and Implmntation of Imag Encryption Algorithms, Intrnational Journal of Computr Scinc and Mobil Computing (IJCSMC) - Vol. 2, Issu. 4, April 2013, pg [6]R. A. Matthws, Th us of gntic algorithms in cryptanalysis, Cryptologia, vol. 17, no. 2, pp , [7]A. Kanso, Slf-shrinking chaotic stram ciphrs, Communications in nonlinar scinc and numrical simulation, vol. 16, no. 2, pp , [] Park, N. K., Patidar, V., & Sud, K. K. (2006). Imag ncryption using chaotic logistic map. Imag & Vision Computing, 24(9), [9] Bhnia, S., Akhavan, A., Akhshani, A., & Samsudin, A. (2013). Imag ncryption basd on th jacobian lliptic maps. Journal of Systms & Softwar, 6(6), [10] Mirzai, O., Yaghoobi, M., & Irani, H. (2012). A nw ncryption mthod: paralll sub- ncryption with hypr chaos. Nonlinar Dynamics, 67(1), [11] Yicong Zhou, Long Bao and C.L.Philip Chn"A Nw1D Chaotic Systm for Imag Encryption", Signal Procss. 97(2014) [12] G.A.Sathishkumar,Dr.K.Bhoopathybagan and Dr.N.Sriraam Imag Encryption Basd on Diffusion and Multipl Chaotic Maps, Intrnational Journal of Ntwork Scurity & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.3, No.2, March2011, [13] Shoaib Ansari, Nlsh Gupta and SudhirAgrawal, An Imag Encryption Approach Using Chaotic Map in Frquncy Domain, Intrnational journal of Emrging Tchnology and Advancd Enginring-Volum 2, Issu, August , IRJET Impact Factor valu: ISO 9001:200 Crtifid Journal Pag 15

5 [14] Xiaoling Huang,Guodong Y, and Kwok-Wo Wong, Chaotic Imag Encryption Algorithm Basd on Circulant Opration, Abstract and Applid Analysis,Volum2013 [15] Somya Al-Maadd,Afnam Al-Ali, and Turki Abdalla, A Nw Chaos-Basd Imag-Encryption and Comprssion Algorithm",Hindawi Publishing Corporation,Journal of Elctrical and Computr Enginring, Volum 2012,Articl ID [16]K.Sakthidasan Sankaran and B.V.Santhosh Krishna,"A Nw Chaotic Algorithm for Imag Encryption and Dcryption of Digital Color Imags", Intrnational Journal of information and Education Tchnology,Vol,1,No.2,Jun [17] Mrs.A.Anto Stffi,Mr. Dipsh sharma,"an Imag Encrption Algorithm basd on 3D Lornz map" Intrnational Journal of Advancd Rsarch in Computr Scinc, Vol. 4 No.2,(Jn-Fb 2013) ISSN: [1] Hazm Mohammad Al-Najjar,Asm Mohammad AL- Najjar"Imag Encrption Algorithm Basd on Logistic Map And Pixl Mapping Tabl". [19]Kamlsh Guptal,Sanjay Silakari,"Nw Approach for Fast Color Imag Encrption Using Chaotic Map", Journal of Information Scurity,2011,2, [20] A.Anto Stffi, Dipsh Shrama "An Imag Encryption Algorithm basd on 3D Lornz Map" 201, IRJET Impact Factor valu: ISO 9001:200 Crtifid Journal Pag 16