TECHNICAL REPORT. Traitement de l inforr/na tion - Facilit&s de support pour SGML - Techniques d utiysation du SGML. -- :e .-.

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1 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 9573 First edition Information processing - SGML support facilities - Techniques for using SGML Traitement de l inforr/na tion - Facilit&s de support pour SGML - Techniques d utiysation du SGML -- :e.-.- -= - Z 5 = -z = 2 z 3 5 Z g 5 = g si s s Z = -- -@ Z Reference number ISO/IEC/TR 9573: 1988 (El

2 ISO/IEC/TR Contents 0 Introduction Scope and Field of Application References Definitions Document Analysis for the Creation of a Document Type Definition General notes Steps of document analysis Design issues Example of the analysis of body text Headed sections Paragraph and note elements List elements Separately identified elements Common list element Discussion of the two approaches to lists Footnote element Figure element... IO Floating elements... IO Reference elements Summary of the definition of the body element Additional elements Markup minimization Example of the analysis of title matter Title element lnstlist element Authlist element Date element Abstract element Article element Complete definition of the title matter Example of the analysis of tabular material Example of the analysis of a simple mathematical formula Example of the analysis of an auction catalogue The DTD with relation to the size of a document General Document General notes Document structure Description of the tags Major document elements Title page elements Front matter elements Back matte r elements Headed sections Topics Tabular material : Figure /... II!

3 ISO/IEC/TR Phrases Lists References Basic elements Alphabetical list of the generic identifiers and their attributes The document type definition Commentary on the document type definition Parameter entity declarations Element and attribute declarations Short references National versions of the elements of the general document French German Swedish Danish Dutch Generic identifiers Extensions to the general document Extending the bibliography to include a bibliography list Extending the DTD 19 include tables Letter and Memorandum Constituent parts of the documents Common document elements Elements specific to a business letter Elements specific to an inter-office memorandum Alphabetical list of the tags Entity set SGML features Typical document type declarations The document type declaration for letters The document type declaration for memoranda The common document type definition A sample letter A sample inter-office memorandum Spreadsheet Constituent parts of a spreadsheet Elements of a spreadsheet Elements of a formula Alphabetical list of the tags Entity sets Parameter entities Entities used with short references Short references, notations, maps, etc SGML features The document type definition A sample spreadsheet Mathematics Concepts User-interface Symbols Description of the elements Formula and formula reference iv

4 ISO/IEC/TR Formula content Short references Complex examples Element and entity definition Tables Table elements Element definiton Example of a marked-up table Integration of Computer Graphics Metafiles II Japanese Special considerations Horizontal and vertical typesetting Sentences including words in the Latin alphabet Ruby The SGML declaration The document type definition and source document Linguistic Application - Scandinavian Runes Use of tags and entities... Ill 12.2 Character extension techniques Character extension techniques mapped onto tags using short references Definition of a special cljaracter set in the SGML declaration European Multi-lingual Document The Use of Short References Single level quotation in English Limitations of the use of short references to be observed Mixing Text in Languages Written from Left to Right and from Right to Left Right to left base text mixed with text written from left to right Left to right base text mixed with text written from right to left Use oftags Use of an a-bit Latin/Arabic character set Figures 1 Sample pages from the body of an International Standard Sample title page Overall structure of the basic document Structure of the h2 element Structure of the phrase (%m.ph), paragraph ( /om.p), and paragraph sequence (%m.pseq)

5 ISOAECITR models Structure of the section subelements Structure of all phrases Structure of all paragraph/section subelements Structure of all floating elements Overall structure of a spreadsheet Structure of a formula in a spreadsheet Japanese: horizontal typesetting (text written from left to right) Japanese: vertical typesetting (text written from top to bottom) , Japanese: source document vi

6 ISOIIECITR Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) together form a system for worldwide standardization as a whole. National bodies that are members of IS0 or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. IS0 and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS0 and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, IS0 and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISOAEC JTC 1. The main task of a technical committee is to prepare International Standards but in exceptional circumstances, the publication of a technical report of one of the following types may be proposed: - type 1, when the necessary support within the technical committee cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; - type 2, when the subject is still ing wider exposure; under technical development requir- - type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard ( state of the art, for example). Technical reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. ISO/IEC/TR 9573, which is a technical report of type 3, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISOAEC JTC 1, lnformafion technology. vii

7 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEWTR Information processing - SGML support facilities - Techniques for using SGML 0 Introduction IS0 8879, Information processing - Text and office systems - Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), states the rules for the description and markup of documents for their publication and interchange. A basic document type, primarily for computer-assisted publishing, is provided as an example in clause E.l of IS0 8879, but is not explained there. It is explained in this Technical Report to assist comprehension. Also given is a variety of examples on the use of SGML. Thus this Technical Report is complementary to IS0 8879, its principal purpose being to assist in the adoption of the language. 1 Scope and Field of Application This Technical Report complements IS by providing additional turorial information. It is not intended, and should not be regarded, as an extention, modification, or interpretation of IS The SGML language contains a number of components, some of which are optional features. The tutorial information covers the main components of the language only; notably a discussion of LINK, CONCUR, and DATATAG is outside the scope of this Technical Report. The intended audience is mainly document type designers already familiar with the basic concepts of SGML, but requiring more tutorial information on techniques for using SGML for various applications. Subclauses 5.3 and 8.4 are written in the style of a User Guide and can be used as a basis for end-user documentation. For an introductory tutorial on SGML the annexes of IS can be used. This Technical Report includes notes on the analysis of a document prior to the writing of a formal document type definition, and a series of examples. The principal example is for a general document type, formally defined as an example in clause E.l of IS Others of a general nature are for letter and memorandum, spreadsheet, mathematics, and the mixing of text and graphics. Those for language applications include Scandinavian runes, Japanese, a European multilingual document, and mixing text in languages written from left to right and from right to left. NOTE - Throughout this Technical Report terms like is keyed in, and with keyboarding are Used. This does not neccessarily imply that the markup is to be added explicitly by a user; for text entry one would expect structured, context sensitive, editors to be used, or the markup added by application programs, e.g. in tm case of interchange of spreadsheets. I Scope and Field of Application

8 ISO/IEWTR 2 References IS0 646, Information processing -- /SO -/-bit coded character set for information interchange. IS0 2022, lnformation processing - IS0 7-bit and &bit coded character sets - Code extension techniques. IS0 4873, lnformation processing - IS0 8-bit code for information interchange - Structure and rules for implementation. IS0 6937, lniormation processing - Coded character sets for text communication. IS , Information processing systems - Computer graphics - Metafile for the storage and transfer of picture description information - Part 2: Character encoding. IS , lnformation processing systems - Computer graphics - Metafile for the storage and transfer of picture description information - Part 4: Clear text encoding. IS , lnformation processing - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Pal? 6: Latin/Arabic alphabet. IS0 8879, lnformation processing - Text and office systems - Standard Generalized Markup Language {SGML). IS0 9069, lnformation processing - SGML support facilifies - SGML Document interchange Format (SDlF)? IS0 9070, lnformation text owner identifiers. P recessing - SGML support facilities - Registration procedures for public JIS X 0201 (formerly C 6220) Code for lnformafion Interchange. JIS X 0208 (formerly C 6226), Code of the Japanese Graphic Character Set for lnformafion Interchange. 1) At present at the stage of draft. 2 4 Document Analysis for the Creation of a Document Type Definition