Seng 480b/CSC 586b Building Web Applications

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1 Seng 480b/CSC 586b Building Web Applications Daniel M. German Department of Computer Science University of Victoria 1 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

2 What this course is and it is not about It is not about: We are not going to build Web sites We will not learn Web development tools We will not be concerned with the details of implementation It is about: Applying an engineering process to the creation of Web sites We will put emphasis in the specification and design, in a way that they facilitate implementation and maintenance Hypermedia/Web Engineering 2 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

3 What is hypermedia? For most people, it is the WWW It is an application which allows us to navigate through an information space using associative linking Non linear interactive The user is not constrained to read it in an specific order Instead, the user can choose one of many different paths 3 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

4 Characteristics of Hypermedia Non linearity Meaningful collection of nodes Use of multiple types of media (hence hypermedia) Cohesive integration of media Hypermedia can be implemented in different ways: Nodes can be presented in separate windows or overlayed screens Link can be uni- or bi- directional The main goal of hypermedia: Enabling access to information 4 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

5 Hypertext and Hypermedia Hypertext, strictly speaking, does not involve any other type of media except text. Often they are used interchangeably Hypermedia extends hypertext with other types of media Hypermedia application: the end result of the hypermedia development process, the product which has been developed for end-users 5 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

6 Hypermedia Applications 6 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

7 Large Size Hypermedia Applications Large does not only mean that it has lots of data It usually means that the application is complex Lots of types of data Lots of relationships Multiple views Multiple developers Multiple users Usually have a long life (require plenty of maintenance) 7 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

8 What is a Web Application An application that combines: Hypermedia features An optional software application back-end Uses the Web as its main transport medium (http protocol) Two main categories: Informational applications Software applications Applications are evolving into a combination of both For the purpose of this course, a Web Application is a hypermedia applications 8 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

9 Functional Characteristics of a Web App. Effective Navigation Searching and Indexing Information contextualization Handling of information security Appropriate presentation mechanisms Support for Customization Effective use of resources Handling of temporal data 9 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

10 Non functional characteristics Correctness Referential integrity Relevance Completeness Organization Efficiency Maintainability Reusability Reliability Testability Interoperatibility, flexibility, portability and genericness 10 SEng 480b

11 Examples of Web Applications Any Web site you can think of! E-commerce sites Intranets Corporate Web sites Help systems Auction sites... software systems that use the Web as its interface 11 SEng 480b

12 Soft. Apps vs. Web Apps Most Web Apps are document oriented and content driven, having as final product static and/or dynamic pages Look and feel is critical in Web Apps The WWW is an unreliable medium Wide range of users 12 SEng 480b

13 Two Types of Developers Document, hypermedia and graphics design people trying to build software systems. Software developers having to adapt their applications to the hypermedia and WWW world. Regardless on which side you are, you need to learn from the other. 13 SEng 480b

14 A Multidisciplinary Field Multimedia Hypertext/Hypermedia System Analysis and Design Web Engineering Graphic Design Project Management Marketing Testing Human Computer Interaction Software Engineering 14 SEng 480b

15 Hypermedia/Web Crisis Hypermedia is at the stage that software was 30 years ago In general, ad-hoc, hand crafted development There must a shift from the tools to a process that supports the development of large-scale, high quality applications. It is necessary to adopt a hypermedia/web engineering approach 15 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

16 What is Web Engineering? Web Engineering is the establishment and use of sound scientific, engineering and management principles, and disciplined and systematic approaches to the successful development, deployment and maintenance of Web-based systems and applications. It tries to incorporate well-known software engineering principles and practises. 16 SEng 480b

17 A different discipline Fundamental differences [between hypermedia and other disciplines] however, make a pure transposition of techniques both difficult and inadequate. An important part of hypertext dessing concerns aesthetic and cognitive aspects that software engineering environments do not support Nanard and Nanard, SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

18 The Web Engineering Process Prototyping Requirements Analysis Conceptualization Design Implementation Evolution 18 SEng 480b

19 The Web Engineering Process Requirements Analysis Definition of the application goals The customer is often not the user Human-Computer interaction plays an important role Conceptualization Creation of an abstract model of the application that conveys the main characteristics of the application It is necessary to capture the relationships as they appear to the user, not only data relationships 19 SEng 480b

20 The Web Engineering Process... Prototyping and Validation Testing of ideas at early state crucial Emulate the look and feel User feedback very important Design Conceptual design is translated into a representation closer to the needs of the implementation Requires a precise description of what the application is expected to do Still fairly independent of implementation 20 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

21 The Web Engineering Process... Implementation Choosing of final development and delivery platforms Creating the different components of the application Creating content and relationships Coding Evolution and Maintenance Changed due to bugs and new requirements It is a waterfall model 21 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

22 Development Constrains As with any engineering process, we are bounded by limits in resources: Financial Time Human resources Tools and technology Hardware Bandwidth, both at server and client 22 SEng 480b

23 Separation of Concerns A typical Web application is composed of the following main concerns: Content: the building blocks of your application Structure: collating and organizing content Navigation: what links to what Presentation: e.g. normal Web browser vs. wireless device, low vs. hi res, graphical vs. text Behaviour and user interaction: how the application reacts to user requests Process logic: what processes are required (data maintenance, report generation...) 23 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

24 Concentrate on the Design Determine what the concerns are: What is the underlying content of your application? How is this content organized? What navigational facilities are you going to provide? What links are you going to provide? How is the content going to be presented? What is the behaviour? 24 SEng 480b

25 Reuse Content reuse: building different uses for the same content Different views: for different users, roles, purposes, or browsing platforms Implementation reuse: reusing the implementation infraestructure Libraries, programs, components, Java Beans Design Reuse: reusing designs and design experience Design Patterns 25 SEng 480b

26 Areas of research Requirements analysis Specification, both formal and informal Configuration and Project Management User interfaces Information modeling Re-engineering of soft. app. for the Web Legacy W-BA Testing, verification and validation 26 SEng 480b

27 SEng 480b/CSC 586b Objectives: To apply an engineering approach to the creation of Web sites with a strong emphasis in their specification and design. To understand how hypermedia engineering can be combined with software engineering in the creation of better Web sites. This course does not focus on specific tools used to build Web sites. 27 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

28 Administrative Details Attendance of lectures is not mandatory but don t ask questions about lectures you missed Web page: News, Lectures, Bulletin Board, Homeworks, etc. I expect you to check it regularly! I will only accept/reply to from uvic.ca accounts 28 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

29 Administrative Details... Textbook: Required: Hypermedia and the Web by David Lowe and Wendy Hall Grading: Undergraduates: Assignments : 60% Final Exam : 40% Graduates: Assignments : 60% Research report : Pass/No-pass Final Exam : 40 You must pass the final to pass the course 29 SEng 480b dmgerman@uvic.ca

30 Grading Policies Please review the Course Policies: Cheating 30 SEng 480b

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