Using the Internet and the World Wide Web

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1 Using the Internet and the World Wide Web Computer Literacy BASICS: A Comprehensive Guide to IC 3, 3 rd Edition 1

2 Objectives Understand the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web. Identify terminology related to the Internet and the World Wide Web. Identify different items on a Web page. Identify different types and purposes of Web sites. Use a browser to navigate the Web. Refresh a Web page. 2

3 Objectives (continued) Show a history of recently visited Web sites. Navigate to and delete history of recently visited Web sites. Manage bookmarked sites. Copy elements from a Web site to another program. Identify problems associated with using the Web. 3

4 Objectives Identify methods of searching for information Use a search engine Identify quality of information Identify responsible and ethical behaviors related to online content 4

5 Introduction People use the Internet to research information, shop for goods and services, go to school, communicate with family and friends, read the daily newspaper, and make airplane and hotel reservations, for example. Anyone with access to the Internet can connect to and communicate with anyone else in the world who also has Internet access. 5

6 The Internet and the World Wide Web 6 Internet services include blogs, chat rooms, , FTP (file transfer protocol), instant messaging, mailing lists, newsgroups and bulletin boards, online conferencing, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). The Internet s most popular service is the World Wide Web. Many people use the terms World Wide Web, or Web, and the Internet interchangeably, but they are two different things.

7 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) The Web actually began in 1990, when Dr. Tim Berners-Lee wrote Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It became the language computers use to transmit hypertext documents over the Internet. Dr. Berners-Lee developed a text-based program called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that creates hyperlinked documents. 7

8 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) 8 In 1993, the number of people using the Web increased significantly when Marc Andreessen released Mosaic, the first graphical browser. In 1994, Andreessen cofounded Netscape Communications.

9 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) Internet Terminology: ActiveX is a programming interface developed by Microsoft for Windows. This set of rules controls Windows applications that are downloaded from the Internet and then run in a browser. A cookie is a small text file that Web sites put on your computer to store information about you and your preferences. 9

10 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) Internet Terminology (cont): A domain identifies a computer or Web site on the Internet. The Domain Name System (DNS) converts domain names to IP addresses, such as.com,.edu,.org,.gov, and.net. Encryption is the process of converting text into an unrecognizable format when it is sent and changing it back (decryption) into plain text when it reaches its destination. 10

11 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) 11 Internet Terminology (cont): File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to transfer files between computers. You can upload (send) files from one computer to another and retrieve (download) files from a server to a computer. A home page is the first page that appears in the browser when you visit a Web site. Home page for a community college

12 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) Internet Terminology (cont): HTML is the programming language used to create Web pages. A client is a type of computer program that makes a service request from a server. An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides connectivity to the Internet. An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical addressing system that uniquely identifies computers and networks linked to the Internet. 12

13 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) Internet Terminology (cont): Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol for managing the security of message transmissions on the Internet. A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a Web page, FTP site, audio stream, or other Internet resource. A Web browser is a software program you use to view and retrieve documents from the World Wide Web and to display the documents in a readable format. A Web cache is a temporary storage area on your computer for collecting data. 13

14 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) 14 Internet Terminology (cont): A Web site is a collection of related HTMLformatted Web pages located on the World Wide Web. A wiki is a collaborative Web site that people can use to add, edit, remove, and organize Web page content. XML is the abbreviation for Extensible Markup Language, which is a flexible text format for creating structured computer documents.

15 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) Understanding Web Page Elements: A Web page can be a simple text document or it can contain a variety of the following elements: Links to other Web sites Text, video, or other media Hyperlinked text and graphics Interactive objects such as buttons, text boxes, option buttons, check boxes, menus, and lists Images such as photos, pictures, maps, and drawings 15

16 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) Understanding Web Page Elements (cont): 16 Nps.gov web page

17 The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued) Understanding Web Page Elements (cont): Web sites can be organized into different categories, each with a different purpose. 17 Commercial Academic Organizational Governmental Web sites hosted in different countries Search sites Secure sites Online Applications Portal Weblog Social networking Geographic imaging

18 Connecting to the Internet Before you can access the Internet, you have to connect to it. If you connect from an office or academic setting, you probably are connecting through a local area network (LAN). Home users connect using a dedicated highspeed digital telephone line, a cable modem, or a wireless connection. Dial-up modems linked to telephone lines are becoming less common. 18

19 Connecting to the Internet (continued) Hotspots are wireless hookups. Applications are available to search for hotspots. 19

20 Browser Basics A browser is a software program you use to retrieve documents from the World Wide Web and to display them in a readable format. To connect to the Internet, the browser sends a message to the Web server to retrieve your requested Web page. The browser then renders the HTML code to display the page. You navigate the Web by using your mouse to point and click hyperlinked words and images. 20

21 Browser Basics (continued) Parts of the Browser Window: 21

22 Browser Basics (continued) Parts of the Browser Window (cont): Parts of the Internet Explorer window 22

23 Browser Basics (continued) Navigating the Web: In most instances, you can double-click the browser icon located on your computers desktop to start your Web browser. Your browser was installed with a default home page. If you want to visit a specific Web site, you need to know the address, which you enter in the Address bar. 23

24 Browser Basics (continued) 24 Refreshing or Reloading a Web Page: When you visit a Web page, a copy of the contents are stored in your cache, a temporary storage area for data you access frequently. If you access a Web page with updated information, you may need to refresh the information using one of three options: Click the Refresh button on the Address bar Select View on the menu bar and then click Refresh Press the F5 key

25 Browser Basics (continued) 25 Recent History: In Internet Explorer, you can view a list of recently visited Web sites by clicking the Favorites Center button and then click the History button.

26 Browser Basics (continued) Organizing and Managing Favorites: Internet Explorer provides a tool, called Favorites, to make it easy for you to easily access a Web site that you visit frequently. 26

27 Browser Basics (continued) Organizing and Managing Favorites (cont): Once you have a Web site added as a favorite or bookmarked site, you can access a site, move a favorite or bookmarked site between folders, and share favorite or bookmarked sites with other users. 27

28 Browser Basics (continued) Downloading a File from a Web Site: You can download a file such as a program, graphic, or document from a Web page. You should only download files from reliable sources. Many sites provide an interface that makes the process of downloading simple. 28

29 Browser Basics (continued) 29 Copying and Printing Information from a Web Page: You can copy and save specific elements of a Web page to disk and use them in a new document or file. You can also print a copy of a Web page directly from your browser. Copying text on a Web page

30 Web Browser Settings In Internet Explorer, you can change your browser s security settings using the Internet Options dialog box. 30

31 Browser Issues A Page not found message might be displayed because the page was moved, an old index is still maintained in the search engine, or you made a typing error when entering the Web site address. A Web page may load slowly because of heavy server traffic or the page may contain a large number of images. Pop-up ads pop up in the middle of a page that you are reading to call attention to their content. Internet Explorer contains a pop-up blocker that limits most pop-ups. 31

32 Internet Content You can create online content in the following ways: Web pages and Web sites various types created by schools, government, institutions, companies, individuals, and others. A blog (short for Web log) where the author(s) post entries and viewers can read and comment. 32

33 Searching for Information on the Web Search engines are automated indexes that you use to search for keywords. Indexes, or directories, are Web sites organized by categories. Link lists are collections of links on a particular topic. A shared bookmark lets users organize and share favorites. 33

34 Searching for Information on the Web (continued) You can use the links on Web pages to discover content on other Web sites. 34

35 Using a Search Engine The more specific your keywords, the more likely you will find what you want. Phrase Searching: When you enter a phrase in quotation marks, the search engine matches them exactly. Search Engine Math: Plus (+) and minus (-) help narrow search results and filter out unwanted listings. 35

36 Using a Search Engine (continued) Boolean Searching: Boolean logic consists of three operators AND to combine terms, NOT to exclude terms, and OR to search for similar terms. Wildcard Searching: Use the asterisk (*) symbol if you do not know the spelling or want to search plurals or variations of a word. 36

37 Using a Search Engine (continued) Title Searching: Searches within the HTML document for the title of a Web page. Other Search Features: A related search provides links to pages that are related to the selected search results. 37

38 Using a Search Engine (continued) Other Search Features (cont): You can set other search options to sort results, such as by date. 38

39 Evaluating the Quality of Internet Information Anyone can publish information on the Internet. Consider guidelines when determining if the content is accurate: Relevance and reliability Page layout Validity and bias Writing style Coverage 39

40 Evaluating the Quality of Internet Information (continued) Evaluating Web Sites: Use criteria for evaluating the nature and the source of the information. 40

41 Web Sites and Intellectual Property Laws Copyright is the exclusive right to make and use literary, musical, or artistic work. A trademark is similar to a copyright, but relates to visual or commercial images. If a copyright or patent protection has lapsed on certain material, it is considered public domain and is available for anyone to use. 41

42 Web Sites and Intellectual Property Laws (continued) 42 Citing Internet Resources: You must give proper credit for information. Claiming someone else s words as your own is plagiarism. Respecting Others: Only publish information about others that is true or you could be sued for libel. Online Responsibilities: Behave responsibly online, just as in life.

43 Summary In this lesson, you learned: The Internet and the World Wide Web have their own terminology. You should be familiar with terms such as ActiveX, cookies, digital certificate, and domain. A Web page can be solely a text document or it can be made up of elements such as Web site addresses that link to other Web sites; audio, video, graphics, or other media; hyperlinked text and hyperlinked graphics; and interactive objects such as buttons, text boxes, option buttons, check boxes, menus, and lists. 43

44 Summary (continued) Select an Internet connection to balance the features you want, such as connection speed and reliability, with the cost and availability of the different options. For example, broadband connections allow multiple channels of information to be transmitted over a single link so more than one channel of video, voice, and computer data can be carried simultaneously. Parts of the Internet Explorer browser window include the Address bar, document tabs, status bar, and command bar. 44

45 Summary (continued) A browser displays a home page when it starts. You use the Address bar to verify the address of the current page and enter addresses to visit other pages. A Web address is called the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which uniquely identifies each Web page and tells the browser where to locate the page. Internet Explorer and other browsers provide a favorite or bookmarked sites list to make it easy for you to return to a particular Web site you visit frequently. Internet Explorer provides a Favorites Center that lists and organizes the Web pages in your Favorites list. 45

46 Summary (continued) Web sites used for financial transactions or e- commerce usually use encrypted communication to make them more secure than sites that simply provide information. Some Web sites also require you to log on using an account or user name and a password. Problems associated with using the Web include not being able to display Web sites, navigating to pages that are slow to load or contain garbled text, or finding pop-up ads distract you from or block the content on the page. 46

47 Summary (continued) When searching online, one of the primary tools you can use to find information is a search engine. You use a search engine to search for keywords. Keywords describe the information you are trying to locate and most search engines support keyword searches. Use double quotation marks around a set of words for phrase searching. Use the plus and minus sign for inclusion and exclusion of words within a search. Boolean searches use the three logical operators OR, AND, and NOT. 47

48 Summary (continued) Many search engines offer advanced search options that let you filter search results with specific criteria. Use the * symbol for wildcard searching. To evaluate Web sites, consider relevance and reliability, page layout, validity and bias, writing style, and coverage. Cite any information that you use from the Internet. The MLA style is widely used for citing electronic resources. 48

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