Human-Computer Interaction IS4300

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1 Human-Computer Interaction IS Designing for the Web Stone Ch 17 + J. Lazar et al, HCI Handbook 1

2 Today Stone Chapter J. Lazar et al, HCI Handbook Testing tools & surveys Nielsen s Top 10 Mistakes Credibility in Web sites Designing for the Web Relative to Designing for GUIs What s different? What s the same? 2

3 Design Principles for Web Sites Homerun (Nielsen 2000) High-Quality Content Often Updated Minimal Download Time Ease of Use Relevant to User s Needs Unique to the Online Medium Net-centric Corporate Culture Designing Web Sites Designing the Web Site Structure Start with Information Structure How deep & wide? Long vs. short pages? Structure of site should support tasks. 3

4 Sample information structure Web structure Broad & shallow minimizes page loads 4

5 Designing Web Sites Helping the Users Know Where They Are Orient users who hypertext into the middle of your site. What site am I on? Logo, consistent look & feel What page am I on? Breadcrumbs Breadcrumbs 5

6 Designing Web Sites Helping the Users Navigate around the Site Structural navigation other pages within the same site Associative links same page links See Also links to other web sites Navigation Aids Site map Breadcrumbs Maps (geographical or other visual index) Designing Home Pages and Interior Pages Designing the Home Page Tells the users where they are Tells the users what the site does Logo, tagline, intro, key content, search, etc Designing Interior Pages More content, less introductory info User still needs to know where they are Logo, link to homepage 6

7 Design Issues for Web Pages Widgets on Web Pages Scrolling Info above the fold important Users now used to scrolling web pages vertically (but not horizontally) Designing for Different Screens and Platforms Using the Screen Area Effectively Using style sheets Writing the Content of Web Pages Keep Text to a Minimum <=50% of print Help Users to Scan use headings and subheadings, bulleted and numbered lists, highlight Dividing Long Blocks of Text into Separate Sections 7

8 Lovely Rooms example Conceptual Design Content diagram UIDE Chapter 17 Find a Lovely Room Information structure UIDE Chapter 17 8

9 Lovely Rooms web site UIDE Chapter 17 UIDE Chapter 17 9

10 Jonathan Lazar Handbook of HCI Unique Challenges in Designing for Web? Unreliability of internet (delays, outages) Browser incompatibility & versions Standards (w3) rarely followed exactly Absence of user training Navigation design Important to provide navigation Let users know where they are and where they can go Users may not enter from home page Infeasible to link from every page to every other, so must organize site into sections sectional navigation section links in sidebar (eg) audience-splitting Parts of site optimized to different user groups site maps Reduces user disorientation 10

11 Navigation breadcrumbs Hierarchical info about current location in site Text navigation (in addition to images) important For users with images turned off For blind users For users to navigate before all images download Navigation widgets should be at top or left of page First places users look at Methods should be constant throughout entire site Tips things to think about Download times 10 sec max (Nielsen) Accessibility Internationalization Animation can be distracting Mouseovers Nielsen: most have no value to users 11

12 Development Methodology for Web First, determine overall mission and users User involvement Requirements gathering Usability testing Best: participatory design But, typically very short development times Usability testing Easier to do remotely, since web site can be accessed over net Tools Intuition HQ, Usabilla, Loop11, etc. Heuristic evaluation: Levi & Conrad, 1996 Interactions 3(4), A heuristic eval Used Nielsen s heuristics & severity scale 12

13 Automatic Usability Testing Tools NIST WEBSAT Very old Example rule, Forms must have Submit and Reset/Clear buttons Readability checks (Word, wordscount.info, etc) Color contrast (checkmycolours.com) Navigation (optimalworkshop.com, writemaps.com, plainframe.com, navflow.com) Load speed (pingdom.com) UX (feedbackarmy.com, 10 reviews for $20) Standard Survey Instruments QUIS - $750! Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction WAMMI web analysis and measurement inventory wammi.com 13

WAMMI WEBMAC Website Motivational Analysis Checklist 4 aspects assessed Engaging/Stimulating offers eye-catching visuals, attractive screen layout, humor, varied activities, novelty, and diverse and

14 WAMMI WEBMAC Website Motivational Analysis Checklist 4 aspects assessed Engaging/Stimulating offers eye-catching visuals, attractive screen layout, humor, varied activities, novelty, and diverse and well-written content; Meaningful offers a statement of the purpose and importance of the site, accurate and updated information, meaningful examples and analogies, and quick and easy links to other relevant sites; Organized offers a site overview, summaries of key points, a help interface, and definitions of terms; Enjoyable for both the extrinsically and intrinsically motivated user positive feedback on progress, user-controlled external rewards (such as animation), and quick response speed. 14

15 WEBMAC Example Stimulating Questions 1. The home page of this Web site is eye-catching and visually interesting. 5. There are incentives at this site that motivate me to explore it 9. The screen layout of this Web site is attractive. Exercise Design the eyeglass frame sales web site Methodology? Sketch solution 15

Page Titles With Low Search Engine Visibility #7. Avoid Anything that looks like an Advertisement #8.

16 Nielsen: Top 10 Mistakes in Web Design #1. Bad Search #2. PDFs #3. Not indicating visited links. #4. Non-Scannable Text #5. Fixed Font Size Nielsen: Top 10 Mistakes in Web Design #6. Page Titles With Low Search Engine Visibility #7. Avoid Anything that looks like an Advertisement #8. Violating Design Conventions Jakob's Law of the Web User Experience: "users spend most of their time on other websites." #9. Opening New Browser Windows #10. Not answering users questions 16

17 Trust in websites Fogg, CHI 2001, What Makes Web Sites Credible? 1400 people evaluated 51 websites credibility can be defined as believability When is this important? Trust 17

18 Positive influence Positive influence 18

19 Positive influence Positive influence 19

20 Negative influence Negative influence 20

21 T8 - User Testing & Prototype Revision Due next class In this final group assignment, you will complete enough of the implementation to support user testing, conduct a user test of your interface, and write up the final results of the project. User Testing You will conduct user testing of your system. Prepare a briefing and three tasks. These may be the same ones that you used in paper prototyping, but you may want to improve them based on feedback from the paper prototyping. You may, if you wish, also prepare a short demo of your interface that you can use to show your users the purpose of the system. The demo should be scripted, so that you do and say the same things for each user. It should use a concrete example task, but the example task should be sufficiently different from the test tasks to avoid bias. The demo option is offered because some interfaces are learned primarily by watching someone else use the interface. Think carefully about whether your interface is in this category before you decide to use a demo, because the demo will cost you information. Once you've demonstrated how to use a feature, you forfeit the chance to observe how the user would have used it otherwise. Pilot test your briefing, demo, and tasks, before the user test session. Use another group member or another member of the class for your pilot testing. T8 - User Testing & Prototype Revision Due next class Conduct a formative evaluation with each user: Provide your briefing and (optionally) demo. Then provide the tasks one at a time, observe, and take notes. One member of your group should be the facilitator of the test, and the rest should be observers. Redesign Collect the usability problems found by your user tests into a list. Assign each problem a severity rating (as in T7 above), and brainstorm possible solutions for the problems. Then, fix your implementation to solve as many problems as you can in the time available, giving priority to severe problems. What to Post A link to your updated prototype and a brief usability test report. 21

22 To do Read Stone Ch 18, Leung, Chaudry Finish T8 (next class) Finish final report & 10 min presentation (due in 1 week) Problem. (1 min) What user problem are you trying to solve? Who are the users? What are their tasks? Demonstration. (2 min) Demonstrate your design and implementation via a live demo of your system, working through one sample task. Discuss major design decisions. Run on YOUR computer to minimize compatibility issues. You should test with the projector before class starts. Evaluation. (4 min) Discuss the major findings from all three of your user evaluations (paper prototyping, heuristic evaluation, and user testing). 22

11 Database Management

1. Database softwares 1. MS Access 2. Libreoffice base/ Openoffice base 3. MySQL (Most popular web app) 11 Database Management 2. Database and Web Development For a website, texts saved in database. multimedia