CSI 3140 WWW Structures, Techniques and Standards. Markup Languages: XHTML 1.0
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1 CSI 3140 WWW Structures, Techniques and Standards Markup Languages: XHTML 1.0
2 HTML Hello World! Document Type Declaration Document Instance Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 2
3 HTML Hello World Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 3
4 HTML Tags and Elements Any string of the form < > is a tag All tags in document instance of Hello World are either end tags (begin with </) or start tags (all others) Tags are an example of markup, that is, text treated specially by the browser Non-markup text is called character data and is normally displayed by the browser String at beginning of start/end tag is an element name Everything from start tag to matching end tag, including tags, is an element Content of element excludes its start and end tags Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 4
5 HTML Element Tree Root Element Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 5
6 HTML Root Element Document type declaration specifies name of root element: <!DOCTYPE html Root of HTML document must be html XHTML 1.0 (standard we will follow) requires that this element contain the xml namespace xmlns attribute specification (name/value pair) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 6
7 HTML head and body Elements The body element contains information displayed in the browser client area The head element contains information used for other purposes by the browser: title (shown in title bar of browser window) scripts (client-side programs) style (display) information etc. Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 7
8 HTML History 1990: HTML invented by Tim Berners-Lee 1993: Mosaic browser adds support for images, sound, video to HTML 1994-~1997: Browser wars between Netscape and Microsoft, HTML defined operationally by browser support ~1997-present: Increasingly, World-Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendations define HTML Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 8
9 HTML Versions HTML 4.01 (Dec 1999) syntax defined using Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) XHTML 1.0 (Jan 2000) syntax defined using Extensible Markup Language (XML) Primary differences: HTML allows some tag omissions (e.g., end tags) XHTML element and attribute names are lower case (HTML names are case-insensitive) XHTML requires that attribute values be quoted Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 9
10 SGML and XML Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 10
11 HTML Flavors For HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0, the document type declaration can be used to select one of three flavors : Strict: W3C ideal Transitional: Includes deprecated elements and attributes (W3C recommends use of style sheets instead) Frameset: Supports frames (subwindows within the client area) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 11
12 HTML Frameset Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 12
13 HTML Document Type Declarations XHTML 1.0 Strict: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" " XHTML 1.0 Frameset: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN " HTML 4.01 Transitional: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN " Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 13
14 XHTML White Space Four white space characters: carriage return, line feed, space, horizontal tab Normally, character data is normalized: All white space is converted to space characters Leading and trailing spaces are trimmed Multiple consecutive space characters are replaced by a single space character Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 14
15 XHTML White Space Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 15
16 XHTML White Space Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 16
17 Unrecognized HTML Elements Misspelled element name Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 17
18 Unrecognized HTML Elements Belongs here title character data Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 18
19 Unrecognized HTML Elements title character data Displayed here Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 19
20 Unrecognized HTML Elements Browsers ignore tags with unrecognized element names, attribute specifications with unrecognized attribute names Allows evolution of HTML while older browsers are still in use Implication: an HTML document may have errors even if it displays properly Should use an HTML validator to check syntax Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 20
21 Unrecognized HTML Elements Example for non-frame browsers (old) <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>A simple frameset document</title> </HEAD> <FRAMESET cols="20%, 80%"> <FRAME src="contents_of_frame1.html /> <FRAME src="contents_of_frame2.html /> <NOFRAMES> <P>This doc contains frames</p> </NOFRAMES> </FRAMESET> </HTML> Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 21
22 HTML References Since < marks the beginning of a tag, how do you include a < in an HTML document? Use markup known as a reference Two types: Character reference specifies a character by its Unicode code point For <, use < or < or < Entity reference specifies a character by an HTMLdefined name For <, use < Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 22
23 HTML References Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 23
24 HTML References Since < and & begin markup, within character data or attribute values these characters must always be represented by references (normally < and &) Good idea to represent > using reference (normally >) Provides consistency with treatment of < Avoids accidental use of the reserved string ]]> Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 24
25 HTML References Non-breaking space ( ) produces space but counts as part of a word Ex: keep together keep together Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 25
26 HTML References Non-breaking space often used to create multiple spaces (not removed by normalization) + space displays as two spaces Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 26
27 XHTML Attribute Specifications Example: Syntax: Valid attribute names specified by HTML recommendation (or XML, as in xml:lang) Attribute values must be quoted (matching single or double quotes) Multiple attribute specifications are spaceseparated, order-independent Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 27
28 XHTML Attribute Values Can contain embedded quotes or references to quotes May be normalized by browser Best to normalize attribute values yourself for optimal browser compatibility Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 28
29 Common HTML Elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 29
30 Common HTML Elements Headings are produced using h1, h2,, h6 elements: Should use h1 for highest level, h2 for next highest, etc. Change style (next chapter) if you don t like the look of a heading Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 30
31 Common HTML Elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 31
32 Common HTML Elements Use pre to retain format of text and display using monospace font: Note that any embedded markup (such as <br /> ) is still treated as markup! Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 32
33 Common HTML Elements br element represents line break br is example of an empty element, i.e., element that is not allowed to have content XML allows two syntactic representations of empty elements Empty tag syntax <br /> is recommended for browser compatibility XML parsers also recognize syntax <br></br> (start tag followed immediately by end tag), but many browsers do not understand this for empty elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 33
34 Common HTML Elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 34
35 Common HTML Elements Text can be formatted in various ways: Apply style sheet technology (next chapter) to a span element (a styleless wrapper): Use a phrase element that specifies semantics of text (not style directly): Use a font style element Not recommended, but frequently used Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 35
36 Common HTML Elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 36
37 Common HTML Elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 37
38 Common HTML Elements Horizontal rule is produced using hr Also an empty element Style can be modified using style sheet technology Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 38
39 Common HTML Elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 39
40 Common HTML Elements Images can be embedded using img element Attributes: src: URL of image file (required). Browser generates a GET request to this URL. alt: text description of image (required) height / width: dimensions of area that image will occupy (recommended) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 40
41 Common HTML Elements If height and width not specified for image, then browser may need to rearrange the client area after downloading the image (poor user interface for Web page) If height and width specified are not the same as the original dimensions of image, browser will resize the image Default units for height and width are picture elements (pixels) Can specify percentage of client area using string such as 50% Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 41
42 Common HTML Elements Monitor resolution determines pixel size 768 lines 1024 elements per line 500 pixel wide line is almost half the width of monitor Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 42
43 Common HTML Elements Monitor resolution determines pixel size 1024 lines 1280 elements per line 500 pixel wide line is less than half the width of monitor Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 43
44 Common HTML Elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 44
45 Common HTML Elements Hyperlinks are produced by the anchor element a Clicking on a hyperlink causes browser to issue GET request to URL specified in href attribute and render response in client area Content of anchor element is text of hyperlink (avoid leading/trailing space in content) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 45
46 Common HTML Elements Anchors can be used as source (previous example) or destination The fragment portion of a URL is used to reference a destination anchor Browser scrolls so destination anchor is at (or near) top of client area Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 46
47 Common HTML Elements Comments are a special form of tag Not allowed to use -- within comment Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 47
48 Nesting Elements If one element is nested within another element, then the content of the inner element is also content of the outer element XHTML requires that elements be properly nested Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 48
49 Nesting Elements Most HTML elements are either block or inline Block: browser automatically generates line breaks before and after the element content Ex: p,div Inline: element content is added to the flow Ex: span, tt, strong, a Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 49
50 Nesting Elements Syntactic rules of thumb: Children of body must be blocks Blocks can contain inline elements Inline elements cannot contain blocks Specific rules for each version of (X)HTML are defined using SGML or XML (covered later) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 50
51 Relative URL s Consider an <img> start tag containing attribute specification This is an example of a relative URL: it is interpreted relative to the URL of the document that contains the img tag If document URL is then relative URL above represents absolute URL Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 51
52 Relative URL s Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 52
53 Relative URL s Query and fragment portions of a relative URL are appended to the resulting absolute URL Example: If document URL is and it contains the anchor element then the corresponding absolute URL is Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 53
54 Relative URL s Advantages: Shorter than absolute URL s Primary: can change the URL of a document (e.g., move document to a different directory or rename the server host) without needing to change URL s within the document Should use relative URL s whenever possible Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 54
55 Lists Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 55
56 Lists Unordered List List Items Ordered List Definition List Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 56
57 Lists Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 57
58 Tables Rules Borders Rules Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 58
59 Tables Border 5 pixels, rules 1 pixel Table Row Table Data Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 59
60 Tables Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 60
61 Tables Table Header Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 61
62 Tables Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 62
63 Tables cellspacing cellpadding Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 63
64 Tables cellspacing cellpadding Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 64
65 Tables cellspacing cellpadding Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 65
66 Frames Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 66
67 Frames 1/3,2/3 split Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 67
68 Frames Hyperlink in one frame can load document in another: Value of target attribute specification is id/name of a frame Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 68
69 Frames User interface issues: What happens when the page is printed? What happens when the Back button is clicked? How should assistive technology read the page? How should the information be displayed on a small display? Recommendation: avoid frames except for applications aimed at power users Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 69
70 Forms Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 70
71 Forms Each form is content of a form element Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 71
72 Forms action specifies URL where form data is sent in an HTTP request Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 72
73 Forms HTTP request method (lower case) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 73
74 Forms The XHTML grammar require any child of the form element to be a block Many form elements are actually inline, so including a block element on top such a div or a table is a simple way to be compliant with the grammar Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 74
75 Forms div is the block element analog of span (no-style block element) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 75
76 Forms Form control elements must be content of a block element Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 76
77 Forms Text field control (form user-interface element) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 77
78 Forms Text field used for one-line inputs Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 78
79 Forms Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 79
80 Forms Name associated with this control s data in HTTP request Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 80
81 Forms Width (number of characters) of text field Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 81
82 Forms input is an empty element Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 82
83 Forms Use label to associate text with a control Only one control inside a label element! Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 83
84 Forms Form controls are inline elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 84
85 Forms textarea control used for multi-line input Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 85
86 Forms Height and width in characters Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 86
87 Forms textarea is not an empty element; any content is displayed Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 87
88 Forms Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 88
89 Forms Checkbox control Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 89
90 Forms Value sent in HTTP request if box is checked Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 90
91 Forms Controls can share a common name Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 91
92 Forms Submit button: form data sent to action URL if button is clicked Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 92
93 Forms Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 93
94 Forms Form data (in GET request) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 94
95 Forms Displayed on button and sent to server if button clicked Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 95
96 Forms Radio buttons: at most one can be selected at a time. Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 96
97 Forms Radio button control Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 97
98 Forms All radio buttons with the same name form a button set Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 98
99 Forms Only one button of a set can be selected at a time Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 99
100 Forms This button is initially selected (checked attribute also applies to check boxes) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 100
101 Forms Boolean attribute: default false, set true by specifying name as value Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 101
102 Forms Represents string: >50 Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 102
103 Forms Menu Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 103
104 Forms Menu control; name given once Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 104
105 Forms Each menu item has its own value Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 105
106 Forms Item initially displayed in menu control Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 106
107 Forms Other form controls: Fieldset (grouping) Password Clickable image Non-submit buttons Hidden (embed data) File upload Hierarchical menus Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 107
108 Forms Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 108
109 XML DTD Recall that XML is used to define the syntax of XHTML Set of XML files that define a language are known as the document type definition (DTD) DTD primarily consists of declarations: Element type: name and content of elements Attribute list: attributes of an element Entity: define meaning of, e.g., > Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 109
110 XML DTD Example from <!ELEMENT html (head, body)> <!ATTLIST html %i18n; id ID #IMPLIED xmlns %URI; #FIXED ' > <!ENTITY % i18n "lang %LanguageCode; #IMPLIED xml:lang %LanguageCode; #IMPLIED dir (ltr rtl) #IMPLIED" > Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 110
111 XML Element Type Declaration Element type name Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 111
112 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 112
113 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 113
114 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 114
115 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 115
116 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 116
117 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 117
118 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 118
119 XML Element Type Declaration <!ELEMENT textarea (#PCDATA)> Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 119
120 XML Element Type Declaration <!ELEMENT textarea (#PCDATA)> Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 120
121 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 121
122 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 122
123 XML Element Type Declaration Element type content specification (or content model) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 123
124 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 124
125 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 125
126 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 126
127 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 127
128 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 128
129 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 129
130 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements then Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 130
131 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements then Optional header Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 131
132 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements then Optional header followed by Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 132
133 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements then Optional header followed by optional footer Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 133
134 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements then Optional header followed by optional footer then Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 134
135 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements then Optional header followed by optional footer then One or more tbody elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 135
136 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements then Optional header followed by optional footer then One or more tbody elements or Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 136
137 XML Element Type Declaration Child elements of table are: Optional caption followed by Any number of col elements or any number of colgroup elements then Optional header followed by optional footer then One or more tbody elements or one or more tr elements Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 137
138 XML Attribute List Declaration Element type name Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 138
139 XML Attribute List Declaration Recognized attribute names Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 139
140 XML Attribute List Declaration Attribute types (data types allowed as attribute values) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 140
141 XML Attribute List Declaration ASCII characters: letter, digit, or. - _ : Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 141
142 XML Attribute List Declaration Attribute value must be ltr or rtl Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 142
143 XML Attribute List Declaration Like NMTOKEN but must begin with letter or _ : Attribute value must be unique Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 143
144 XML Attribute List Declaration Any character except XML special characters < and & or the quote character enclosing the attribute value Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 144
145 XML Attribute List Declaration Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 145
146 XML Attribute List Declaration Attribute default declarations Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 146
147 XML Attribute List Declaration Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 147
148 XML Entity Declaration Entity declaration is essentially a macro Two types of entity: General: referenced from HTML document using & Entity name Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 148
149 XML Entity Declaration Entity declaration is essentially a macro Two types of entity: General: referenced from HTML document using & Replacement text; recursively replaced if it is a reference Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 149
150 XML Entity Declaration Entity declaration is essentially a macro Two types of entity: General: referenced from HTML document using & Parameter: reference from DTD using % Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 150
151 XML Entity Declaration Entity declaration is essentially a macro Two types of entity: General: referenced from HTML document using & Parameter: reference from DTD using % Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 151
152 DTD Files System Identifier: URL for primary DTD document DTD document contains element type, attribute list, and entity declarations May also contain declaration of external entities: identifiers for secondary DTD documents Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 152
153 DTD Files External entity name Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 153
154 DTD Files System identifier (relative URL) Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 154
155 DTD Files Entity reference; imports content (entity declarations, called entity set) of external entity at this point in the primary DTD Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 155
156 HTML Creation Tools Mozilla Composer Microsoft FrontPage Macromedia Dreamweaver Etc. Guy-Vincent Jourdan :: CSI 3140 :: based on Jeffrey C. Jackson s slides 156
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