Excel 2013 Intermediate

Transcription

1 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Excel 2013 Intermediate Unit 2 - Charts Quick Links Chart Concepts Page EX197 EX199 EX200 Selecting Source Data Pages EX198 EX234 EX237 Creating a Chart Pages EX200 EX202 Charting Contextual Tabs Pages EX227 EX229 Chart Locations Pages EX214 Resizing and Positioning Pages EX202 EX203 Chart Styles Pages EX204 EX205 Selecting Chart Objects Pages EX203 EX210 Customizing a Chart Pages EX203 EX208 EX214 EX215 EX222 EX224 EX229 Changing Object Appearance Pages EX234 Formatting Backgrounds Pages EX209 EX210 EX227 EX229 Pie Chart Specifics Pages EX200 EX202 EX205 EX209 Column / Bar Chart Specifics Pages EX211 EX217 EX224 EX225 Line Chart Specifics Pages EX220 EX221 EX225 EX227 Changing Chart Type Pages No Reference Data Bars Pages EX242 EX245 Sparklines Pages EX238 EX242 Adding Shapes to Pages No Reference Enhance a Chart This icon designates that a recorded lecture for the designated topic is available on my website Page 1 of 21

2 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Chart Concepts Charts display data in a graphical format which often makes it easier to interpret data, especially if there is a lot of it. For the most part, you can get by with three basic types of charts Line chart: effective for showing data over a period of time (trends) Column or bar chart: effective for showing differences between data items (largest, smallest, in between) In column charts the bars are vertical; in bar charts, the bars are horizontal. Pie Chart: effective for showing each piece of data in relation the whole (percentages). Column charts and line charts have two axes (plural of axis) Horizontal axis aka X-axis aka category axis Vertical axis aka Y-axis aka value axis All charts include a legend that ties the series names to the colors used in the chart. Excel charts are made up of many objects (titles, axes, etc.) (aka elements in the book), each of which can be formatted independently. Page 2 of 21

3 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Selecting the Source Data Int Excel 2.1 Selecting Chart Data In order to create charts, you ll need data the values to chart. Excel refers to these as category data. Some types of charts (column, line) can show multiple groups of data, called series, at the same time When specifying the range of data to be charted, select the row and column headers as well. Excel will assign the row headers to the horizontal axis and the column headers to each series Actually, if there s only one series you could skip the column header, but if you include it, Excel will ignore it if it s not needed. Tip: pie charts can only display one series of values. Do not select multiple groups of data and try to make a pie chart of them. Tip: in most circumstances, it is best to graph data and totals (statistics) separately. Page 3 of 21

4 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Creating a Chart After selecting the source data (this has to be done first), select the chart type from either: the Quick Analysis tool Chart group the Charts group of the Insert tab. You can change the chart type after creating the chart if you wish. After creating the chart, you can even select types of charts that aren t originally available. Each chart type has different styles available. This list of styles appears when you click the chart. Select the appropriate chart type style. For the homework, you ll have to select the appropriate style. Point to the style and wait for the screen tip to appear. The screen tip includes the chart style name. As you hover over a style, Excel creates a preview of the chart that would be created if you selected that style. Charting Contextual Tabs After creating a chart, two new Ribbon tabs appear whenever any object (part) of the chart is selected. The Chart Tools Design tab allows you to change the appearance (colors, chart style) of the chart. You can also use this tab to redefine the data source used for the chart after it has been initially created. The Chart Tools Format tab allows you to control the appearance of text and borders of chart objects. Most of these features support Live Preview. Page 4 of 21

5 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Chart Locations In Excel, charts are either embedded in a worksheet with data or stored in a separate chart sheet that is included with the other sheets at the bottom of the workbook. When you first create a chart, Excel embeds it in the same worksheet as the data. The book likes summary sheets that include all of a workbook s charts. Excel makes it easy to convert the embedded chart to a chart sheet and even to move it to a different worksheet Click the Move Chart button in the Location group of the Chart Tools Design tab. Move the chart to the appropriately location immediately it will make modifying the chart easier because the chart will be bigger. The Move Chart dialog box will appear. Click the New sheet button and enter a sheet name to convert the embedded chart to a chart sheet. Click the Object in: arrow () to move the chart to a different worksheet. Instead of this option, I prefer the technique described in the Tip below Note you can even place one chart into a different chart (chart sheet) Page 5 of 21

6 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Resizing and Positioning Charts Embedded charts can be resized and repositioning in the worksheet Chart sheets aren t normally moved or resized, though like any other worksheet and can change the position of the sheet in the list of sheets. Click the edge of the chart to select it. If you click the middle of the chart, you may accidentally select one of the chart objects instead. The entire chart itself is an object that contains all the other objects of the chart. Handles will appear around the chart (but not around any other chart objects). Holding the Alt key while moving/resizing a chart makes the chart snap to a cell. To reposition the chart, point to the any edge, but not where the handles are. The mouse pointer will change shape to a move arrow. Drag the chart to its desired location. To resize the chart, point to any handle. The mouse pointer will change shape to a double-headed arrow (). The arrow will be horizontal if you touch one of the side handles or diagonal if you touch one of the corner handles. Drag to resize the chart. When you resize a chart, all the chart objects adjust to the best fit possible for the new size. Tip: Hold the shift key while dragging one of the corner handles to prevent the chart from being distorted. Tip: The book often has you move a chart to a specific location. You can easily designate the upper left corner of the chart location. Cut the chart to the clipboard (select followed by Ctrl-X) Select the cell that should be the upper left corner of the chart location Paste (Ctrl-V) You ll still have to resize the chart according to the book specifications. Page 6 of 21

7 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Chart Styles When the chart is selected, you can change its appearance by selecting a different, pre-defined style Excel 2013 provides a convenient Chart Styles button that appears to the right of the chart Click the button and select the style you want. Live Preview is available when you hover on a style You can also change the chart style by using the Chart Styles group of the Chart Tools Design tab Don t forget you can click the More all the available chart styles at once button to see Selecting Chart Objects As mentioned before, charts are made up of many objects (elements) To select an object, simply click it (you may have to select the chart first) Handles will appear. If needed, you can drag the object to a new location (watch for the move pointer) or resize it (drag handle) once the handles appear (object is selected). If the Chart Tools Format tab is active, the object s name will appear as the first item in the Current Selection group (called Chart Elements if you rest your mouse on it). Tip: You can also use this drop down list to select a specific object. In the real world, you normally just select the appropriate object by clicking it. Tip: once an object is selected, you can quickly remove it from the chart by pressing the Delete key. Page 7 of 21

8 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Some objects are actually groups of objects they contain other objects. Example: a pie is an object that contains slice objects. The first time you click these objects, the entire group is selected and the entire group adopts any changes made. The next time you click an object in the group, that object is isolated only that object is selected. In some cases the objects in a group may be groups themselves whose objects can be further isolated. Customizing a Chart Excel allows you add or remove chart elements using the Chart Elements button that appears next to the chart (when the chart is selected) You can also use the Chart Tools Design tab Add Chart Element button If you add objects to a chart, the existing objects will adjust to accommodate the new object. Each of these options includes a right arrow icon that provides more options for the selected element. Many of these include a More options choice that opens the Formatting Pane (see below) for that object Axes: allows you to quickly control the appearance of the axes data and their gridlines. These options are not available for pie charts (no axes) Horizontal axis control allows you to designate which order the data appears. Vertical axis control allows you to specify the units (thousands, millions, etc.) for the axis Page 8 of 21

9 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Axis Titles: add a title to one of the chart axes. When you click this button a list of the available axes appears. Click the appropriate axis, then select from the location options that appear. Not available for pie charts (no axes). The vertical axis title can be rotated. Tip: Any axis title can be rotated. The easiest way to do this is to choose the Orientation button in the Home tab Alignment group Chart Title: Add a title to a chart if one doesn t exist at a specified location Above Chart inserts a title above the Chart Area (moves the chart down). Overlay inserts the title within the Chart Area To change the text in a title, simply select it and type the appropriate title. Data Table: Particularly for chart sheets (not so much for embedded charts), it s occasionally handy to be able to see the data a chart is based on. This button provides choices for adding a data table to the bottom of the chart, showing the data the chart is based on. This is a better idea than Data Labels for charts with lots of data. The Data Table is an object that can be selected and customized. Data Labels: Normally, bars, lines and pie slices are not labeled with the value they represent. This feature allows you to add labels to the selected object(s) in the chart. Tip: if you select just one item of a series (see above for how to select an item in a group), just that item will show a data label. Tip: Choose the More Options menu item to get even greater control of the type of data and the format of the data labels (pie charts) Error Bars are not used in this class Page 9 of 21

10 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Gridlines: Gridlines are drawn across from vertical axis values or up from horizontal axis values. Gridlines make it easier to determine the value of bars or line points. This button allows you to control the display and appearance of the gridlines. Select the horizontal or vertical gridline option. Select from the appearance options that appear. Major and minor. Charts can contain major and minor tick marks on the axes representing values You can control the appearance of both types. Tip: Choose the More Options item to control the style and color and associated values of gridlines. Legend: quickly reposition or remove the chart s legend. Don t forget, you can also remove the Legend by selecting it and pressing the Delete key. Some options allow you overlay the Legend on top of the chart. This can save the space normally taken up by the Legend. The chart area will automatically enlarge to fill that space. You can also simply drag the Legend to overlay it on the chart. However, when you drag the Legend, the chart area doesn t automatically adjust. You must use one of the Overlay options to make the chart area adjust. Trendlines are advanced charting tools and are not covered in this class. Up/Down bars are advanced charting tools and are not covered in this class. Page 10 of 21

11 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Changing an Object s Appearance The easiest way to change an object s appearance (format) is to double-click the object. This causes the Formatting Pane to appear on the right side of the screen. When you re done with the Formatting Pane, simply close it This pane displays the formatting options for the selected item Different items have different options To see the options for a different chart element, simply click it. At the top of the Formatting Pane are formatting categories you can choose from These categories also change based on the chart element that is selected (Chart Area in the example above). There are so many chart formatting options, they re often difficult to find. If you don t see the option you want, first make sure you have the correct chart element selected. Then, choose each of these categories until the option you want appears. Sometimes, the Formatting Pane can be a little difficult to navigate. You can also format items using the Ribbon. I believe all the options provided by the ribbon are also available in the Formatting Pane. If all else fails, try clicking the element you want to change and then right-click it and choose the Format option. The Formatting Pane will switch to the appropriate pane. Page 11 of 21

12 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts If you resize object, the other objects in the chart will adjust to accommodate the new object. If the selected object contains text, you can change the font size, color, name, etc. by using the formatting tools on the Home tab. Most objects have dozens of properties whose value you can change to change the appearance of the object. To open a dialog box that provides access to those properties Click the Format Selection button in the Current Selection group of the Chart Tools Layout tab Tip: Alternatively, you can right-click the object and choose the Format item from the popup menu. In Excel 2013, when you right-click, a quick format bar also appears that provides quick access to the most often changed properties of the object you clicked. Excel 2013 displays a formatting pane on the right side of the screen when you choose Format Selection (instead of a dialog box). If you need to, you can drag the pane to a new location Describing the options in each dialog box would take forever. With experience, you ll remember where properties are and how to change them. Tip: Some properties (Line Color for example) don t appear until you turn other properties on (Solid Line must be on for Line Color to appear) Use Live Preview to view the effects of changing the font size of the Legend. Change the font size of the vertical axis to 8. Select the Microwaves series. Choose Format Selection in the Current Select group of the Chart Tools Layout tab. Close the dialog box. Right-click any red bar and choose Format Data Series. Solid Fill Yellow Page 12 of 21

13 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Formatting Plot Area and Chart Area The Chart Area is selected when you click outside the chart The Plot Area is selected when you click inside the chart, but not on another object. Both allow you to change the color or apply an image to the area Plot Area. 2-D charts have a Plot Area. The Plot Area is the actual graph itself between the axes Chart Walls. 3-D charts have a (back) Wall and a Side Wall. The Wall is the flat space behind the graph The Side Wall is the flat space on the side of a 3D chart Floor. 3-D charts also have a Floor. The Chart Floor is the flat space underneath the graph. 3-D Rotation. 3-D charts can be rotated to make the data easier to read. Click the Effect button in the Formatting pane to see the Rotation options Live Preview does work for rotation, but you may have to wait a second or two for the changes to appear. Each axis can have its own rotation You can also control the perspective of some charts (how far it tips forward) You may have to change the Y-rotation first You can also change the depth of the Chart Floor on charts that have one. You may have to change the Y-rotation first. Tip: If you really mess up a chart by rotating it, you can restore it to its original rotation using the Default Rotation button. Page 13 of 21

14 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Pie Chart Specifics Int Excel 2.2 Pie Charts Remember, with pie charts, pick one group of data that you want to show percentages of the whole for. Don t include totals with the data. To change the color/appearance of one pie slice, click the pie, then click the slice you want to change. To change the format or location of the slice data values: Click the Chart Elements button (+) and select Data Labels Once the data labels have been added to the chart, you can move or format them individually. Click any data label Click it again to select just the one. You can easily explode one of more slices of the pie. Click the pie Click the slice you want to explode. Drag the slice away from the rest of the pie To rotate the pie (move slices to different locations) Select the pie Click the Series Options button in the Format pane Change the value of Angle of first slice (Live Preview is available). Page 14 of 21

15 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Column / Bar Chart Specifics Int Excel 2.3 Column and Bar Charts Remember bar charts are just column charts turned on their sides. It s still not a great idea to graph totals with data. You can change the shape of the bars Double-click any bar Click the Series Options button in the Format pane Change the column shape Instead of boring bars, you can graph using pictures. Select the appropriate bar Right-click and choose (Format Data Series) Choose Fill & Line icon in Format Pane Under Fill, choose the Picture or texture fill option Click the File button and locate the picture you want to use Stack works well in most circumstances. Line Chart Specifics Int Excel 2.4 Line Charts Line charts work best displaying values over time. Multiple data groups can be easily compared. Lines can include markers at each data point Formatting Pane: Fill & Line, Marker, Marker Options Changing Chart Type When any part of the chart is selected, you can also change the type of chart (bar to line, line to column, etc.) Click the Change Chart Type button in the Type group of the Chart Tools Design tab. Select the appropriate chart type and sub-style. Excel provides a preview of what your chart would look like if you select a type. Don t forget, you can undo (Ctrl-Z) if you decide the original chart type was better. Page 15 of 21

16 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Data Bars Int Excel 2.5 Sparklines and Data Bars One the of the coolest new features in Excel is Data Bars For some reason, Excel places access to this feature under Conditional Formatting. I don t understand why. Remember, this feature will not transfer if you save the workbook as an Excel workbook. Data bars are graphical bars (bar graph) that appear behind data showing the relationship between the data. These bars can quickly point out trends or significant values in the range of cells. The smallest values in the range get small bars; the largest values get bars that nearly fill the cell. The other values bars are sized proportionally (to the smallest and largest values) based on the value in the cell. To add Data Bars to cells: Select the cells to receive the data bars. Click the Conditional Formatting button in the Styles group of the Home tab Click the Data Bars option on the list. Choose the color of the data bars (Live Preview works) If you want the bars to be a color that is not on the list, click the More Rules (rules?) button and change the Bar Color in the New Formatting Rule dialog box that appears. Tip: Make the column containing the Data Bars wider or narrower to make the Data Bars appear as you wish. Tip: When selecting cells to add data bars, only select like data and don t highlight data and totals together. The bars are sized proportionally to the largest and smallest values in the entire range of cells. If cells have different types of values, apply data bars to each range separately. Page 16 of 21

17 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts To change the maximum value used for a group of Data Bars: Remember, Excel automatically assigns the bar sizes the largest value gets the longest (full cell) bar. Sometimes the bars look better if you adjust the value used for the longest bar The book likes to adjust the largest value until the longest bar just touches its corresponding value Select any cell within a group of Data Bars Click the Conditional Formatting button and choose Manage Rules Click the existing Data Bar item to select it Click the button About half way down, under the Maximum column change the Type combo box to Number and then enter a value. Click OK. Adjust the value as needed. To clear Data Bars from cells Select the cells that have Data Bars Click the Conditional Formatting button in the Styles group of the Home tab Click Clear Rules Click Clear Rules from Selected Cells Sparklines Int Excel 2.5 Sparklines and Data Bars Though Data Bars do a decent job of graphing data, they can only graphically display the data of one cell Sparklines allow you to place a mini-graph in one cell (or many merged cells) that is based on multiple pieces of data Sparklines were new in Excel 2010 (not available in 2007) There are three types of sparklines Line (graph) sparkline Column sparkline Win/loss sparkline Page 17 of 21

18 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts To create a sparkline Select the cell where you want the sparkline to appear Optional, but can help OR Select the data to be graphed in the sparkline Select one of the sparkline types from the Sparklines group of the Insert tab. The Create Sparklines dialog box appears. Highlight the data range to be used for the sparkline Select the Location Range for the sparkline If you selected a cell, its address will already appear NOTE: if the Location Range is a merged cell, Excel incorrectly puts the entire range of cells of the merge cell in the Location Range. When you click OK, an error occurs. To resolve this problem, select the merged cell again after clicking in the Location Range box You can create multiple sparklines at once by selecting multiple cells as the Location Range BUT, the Data Range must include an equal number of rows/columns of data (matching the number of Location Range cells) This also causes a sparkline group to be created (they all have the same formatting) See video Page 18 of 21

19 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Customizing a sparkline Once you ve created a sparkline, you can customize its appearance. Select the sparkline cell and select the Sparkline Tools Design tab. From the Design tab, you can: Edit the sparkline data range Change the sparkline type Highlight (show) special points in the sparkline High Point, Low Point highlights the highest and/or lowest value in the graph Negative Points highlights negative values in a different color First Point, Last Point (self-explanatory) Change the sparkline style (pre-defined) Change the sparkline color Change the marker colors (negative, first, last, high, low) Add an axis to the sparkline Goup multiple sparklines (allowing them to share axis values and formatting) Clear a sparkline Page 19 of 21

20 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts Adding Shapes to Enhance a Chart Though charts can help clarify data, sometimes additional clarification is needed. An effective way to this is using Excel s built-in shapes Actually, all Office products provide access to these shapes. Tip: Shapes can be added to any worksheet, not just charts. Click the Shapes button in the Illustrations group of the Insert tab. Select (click) the shape you d like to use The mouse pointer will change shape to a + sign. Drag the mouse to draw the shape. The shape will appear with handles If not, click the shape Drag the handles to resize the shape. Position the mouse pointer on the outside edge of the shape. When the mouse pointer changes shape to a move arrow drag the mouse to move the shape. To change the appearance of the shape, use the Shape Styles group buttons in the Drawing Tools Format tab. To add text to the shape, simply select it and then start typing. Use the WordArt Style group of the Drawing Tools Format tab or the Font group of the Home tab to change the appearance of the text in the shape. Use the Alignment group of the Home tab to change the alignment of the text within the shape. Insert 10-point star shape Fill light red, outline light red Add shadow Add text: Microwaves are top sellers! Change text to dark red Align text center, center Use the Shape Styles group of the Drawing Tools Format tab to change the appearance of the shape. Don t forget you can click the More button to see all the available shape styles at once Shape Effects includes options for adding a shadow to a shape and giving a 3-D appearance to a shape. Tip: To copy a shape, you can copy it to the clipboard (Ctrl-C) and then paste in a new location. Alternatively, you can Ctrl-Drag a shape (hold Ctrl while dragging) to copy it. Add Microwaves.gif. Resize and move to beginning of Microwaves line. Copy microwave to end of line Page 20 of 21

21 Instructor s Excel 2013 Tutorial 2 - Charts If you have more than one shape, you can select multiple shapes by Shift-Clicking on each shape. Click the Align button in the Arrange group of the Drawing Tools Format tab to line up the items. Click the Group button to group multiple shapes into one shape. Don t do this until the shapes are completely defined (text, etc), sized, and aligned. Align images. Group Move chart to Charts sheet. Save Page 21 of 21