Internetwork - B. What are. Example. Domain (Top-level domains) Other countries domain names. UserName HostName Subdomain Domain

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1 What are UserName? HostName? Internetwork - B Subdomain? Domain? CSIT100 2 UserName, HostName, Subdomain, Domain Example My is: UserName HostName Subdomain Domain kousoulism@mail.montclair.edu = kousoulism = mail = montclair = edu(*) 3 4 Domain (Top-level domains) Other countries domain names.aero.biz.com.coop.gov.info.mil.museum.name.net.org.pro.tv.tel Aerospace industry Businesses Commercial & non-commercial Cooperative associations US government Information service providers US military Museums Individuals Networking organizations Organizations (nonprofits) Professionals TV stations (marketed for) Telecommunications 5 au = Australia ca = Canada gr = Greece it = Italy jp = Japan tv = Tuvalu hk = Hong Kong Example: info@sony.com.jp Country code top-level domains 6 1

2 World-Wide-Web (WWW)? Is an interlinked collection of: Text Image Video Sound files What is a World Wide Web browser? A web browser is a software package to access web pages on the internet. Interprets the HTML into meaningful information (text, images, video). accessible by a web browser. 7 8 The first popular web browser (1993) Screenshots of Mosaic 9 10 Examples of web browsers Most popular Netscape Internet Explorer Opera Sea Monkey Firefox WySIGot Safari Chrome Iron (Web browsers = Software) Internet Explorer Firefox Chrome Safari Opera mobile

3 Basic idea of the www browser is the hypertext. The prefix hyper- (comes from the Greek prefix υπερ- and means over or beyond ) signifies the overcoming of the old linear constraints of written text. The term hypertext was created, in 1963, by Theodor Holm Nelson a sociologist, philosopher, and one of the pioneers of computing technology. 14 Hypertext Hypertext is text, displayed on a computer, that can have a traveling property. Text having this property is the hyperlink. Hyperlink A link can be composed of either text or media: Hypertext In the beginning there was only text Hypermedia Later this term was created and covered all media such as video, audio, graphics and including text HyperLinks/Text Click on CU Supervise

4 Click on ALU Click on CPU Pentium-4, Centrino Add, MOVE Click on Pentium-4 HyperLinks/Text Pentium-4, Centrino Pentium-4, Centrino Supervise Add, MOVE 3.0 MHz 3.0 MHz HyperLinks/Media Web Page? Supervise A single unit of hypertext/media containing HTML coding, Accessible by the HTTP protocol, and Viewed by a Web-browser. Add, MOVE INTEL - CPU HTTP = Hyper text transfer protocol

5 Website? WWW idea Website: A collection of web pages. Who had the WWW idea? WWW The historic NeXT computer In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN, invented the World Wide Web. CERN is the European Organization for Nuclear Research, the world's largest particle physics centre; (located on the France & Switzerland border) The historic NeXT computer used by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, on display in the Microcosm exhibition at CERN. It was the first web server, hypermedia browser and web editor First WWW logo First ever browser WWW's historical logo designed by Robert Cailliau (1990) Tim Berners-Lee's first ever WWW browser (1990)

6 Screenshot How can we create a web page? Use specialized computer languages: HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), JAVA JS (JavaScript), PHP (Hypertext PreProcessor) Tim Berners-Lee's WWW browser (1993) Use software packages (easier) Web development packages Web development packages - screenshots SharePoint (Microsoft) Expression Web (Microsoft) Dreamweaver (Adobe) Seamonkey Composer Microsoft Expression Web Microsoft SharePoint Designer 33 Adobe Dreamweaver CS3 Seamonkey Composer 34 Internet addresses URL IP addresses URL Web pages are identified by their URL s (Uniform Resource Locator) URL example:

7 URL A URL represents the location of a specific web page or a specific file on the Web. It has four components: 1. Method of access (protocol) 2. Host/sub-domain/domain (web server name) 3. Folder name 4. Specific file in the folder URL where, = Method of access (http Protocol) csam.montclair.edu = Host/sub-domain/domain (Web server name) ~kousoulm/test/ = Folder name index.html = Specific file in the folders HTTP = Hyper text transfer protocol URL (http) & HTML URL & IP A website address is represented as a URL (text based), for example: There is also a numerical representation for the text based website address, called an Internet Protocol address (IP address), for example: URL & IP more examples URL IP cs.montclair.edu csam.montclair.edu cs.montclair.edu csam.montclair.edu The text based website address is much easier for us to remember than an IP address Telephone numbers, for instance: flowers The text is much easier to remember This conversion is done by the Domain Name System (DNS) DNS is a mechanism with which a computer (server), running TCP/IP, resolves an internet address (URL) into a unique IP Address. Thus when you input a URL, you are actually typing an alias

8 Domain Name System (DNS) How DNS works Network video (dns) Try to find your IP address! IP addresses Are unique IP Domain name montclair.edu Universal Used for routing purposes IP dotted-decimal & binary Dotted-decimal: Binary: 4 byte address with total 32 bits Let us convert into Binary, that has 32 bits (4 x 8) Dotted-decimal: Binary: Different addresses

9 Pool of IP addresses Each organization has available a pool of IP addresses cs.montclair.edu csam.montclair.edu MSU IP s start with Network administrator assigns computers an IP address from the available addresses in the pool cs.montclair.edu csam.montclair.edu Internet Protocol (IPv4) The montclair.edu IP address is: This has a binary equivalent of 32-bits IPv4 (32-bit Internet Protocol-version 4) Internet Protocol (IPv6) IPv6 (128-bit Internet Protocol-version 6) total addresses IPv6 improvement IPv4 vs IPv6 The IPv6 has 2 96 more addresses than the IPv4 IPv4 = 4.3 billion addresses IPv6 = 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses

10 IPv4 IPv6 comparison IPv4 = 4.3 billion addresses IPv6 = 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses IPv6 today Is not widely used but it is growing. Examples: (IPv4) 2001:0DB8:85A3:0000:0000:8A2E:0370:7334 (IPv6) IP & MAC Analogy We (in the US) have two addresses" 1. Social security number (permanent) 2. Home address (temporary) IP & MAC Analogy We (in the US) have two addresses" 1. Social security number (permanent) -- MAC 2. Home address (temporary) -- IP WWW Search Tools to locate proper information? Search Engines Subject Directory How do we find info? (WWW) 60 10

11 WWW Search Tools Search Engines search the web for specific keywords and the search engines return a list of web sites with those keywords. Examples of search engines: search.yahoo.com Google Bing DuckDuckGo Startpage WWW Search Tools Subject Directory Web sites organized by topics, links to various themes Examples of subject directory: Yahoo Lycos Excite

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